Диагностика газа в областях формирования массивных звезд по наблюдениям J=1-0 HCN
Диссертация
Наблюдения в линии J = 1 — О HCN проводились в направлении облаков, связанных с оптическими областями H II из каталога Шарплесса, как мест возможного образования новых массивных звезд, а также в направлении полной выборки ярких ИК-источников из каталога IRAS во внешней Галактике. Обзор облаков, связанных с областями H II Шарплесса, явился одним из первых систематических исследований молекулярных… Читать ещё >
Список литературы
- Shu F.H., Adams F.C., Lizano S. Star formation in molecular clouds: observation and theory // Annual Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 1987, V. 25, P. 23.
- Anglada G., Estalella R., Pastor J., Rodrig uez L.F., Haschick A.D. A CS and NH3 survey of regions with H20 maser emission // Astrophys. J., 1996, V. 463, P. 205.
- Bronfman L., Nyman L.-A., May J. A CS (2−1) survey of IRAS point sources with color characteristics of ultra-compact H II regions // Astron. Astrophys. Suppl., 1996, V. 115, P. 81.
- Plume R., Jaffe D.T., Evans II N.J. A survey of CS J = 7 6 in regions of massive star formation // Astrophys. J. Suppl., 1992, V. 78, P. 505.
- Plume R., Jaffe D.T., Evans II N.J., Martin-Pintado J., Gomez-Gonzalez J. Dense gas and star formation: characteristics of cloud cores associated with water masers // Astrophys. J. 1997, V. 476, P. 730.
- Zinchenko I., Mattila K., Toriseva M. Studies of dense cores in regions of massive star formation II. CS J = 2 — 1 survey of southern H20 masers in the longitude range I = 260° 310° // Astron. Astrophys. Suppl., 1995, V. Ill, P. 95.
- Zinchenko I., Pirogov L., Toriseva M. Studies of dense cores in regions of massive star formation VII. Core properties on the galactic scale // Astron. Astrophys. Suppl., 1998, V. 133, P. 337.
- Зинченко И.И., Херсонский В. К. Межзвездные молекулы со сверхтонкой структурой. Возбуждение HCN и ее изотопических модификаций // Астрофиз. исслед. Изв. Спец. астрофиз. обсерв., 1982, Т. 16, С. 65.
- Green S., Thaddeus P. Rotational excitation of HCN by collisions // Astrophys. J., 1974, V. 191, P. 653.
- Gottlieb C.A., Lada C.J., Gottlieb E.W., Lilley A.E., Litvak M.M. Observations of millimeter-wave HCN in four prototype clouds // Astrophys. J., 1975, V. 202, P. 655.
- Turner B.E., Thaddeus P. On the relationship of interstellar N2H+, HCO+, HCN, and CN // Astrophys. J., 1977, V. 211, P. 755.
- Walmsley C.M., Churchwell E., Nash A., Fitzpatrick E. // Hyperfine anomalies of HCN in cold dark clouds Astrophys. J., 1982, V. 258, P. L75.
- Sandell G., H5glund В., Kislyakov A.G. HCN J = 1−0 observations in L673 and S235B: two different cases of hyperfine anomalies // Astron. Astrophys., 1983, V. 118, P. 306.
- Kwan J., Scoville N. Radiative trapping and hyperfine structure: HCN // Astrophys. J. 1975, V. 195, P. L85.
- Guilloteau S., Baudry A. Thermal overlap effects and collision models: HCN // Astron. Astrophys., 1981, V. 97, P. 213.
- Varshalovich D.A., Khersonsky V.K. Collisional excitation of interstellar molecules // Astrophys. Lett., 1977, V. 18, P. 167.
- Monteiro T.S., Stutzki J. Collisional excitation of the hyperfine transitions of HCN // Mori. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 1986, V. 221, P. 33p.
- Harju J. HCN and HNC observations towards dark clouds // Astron. Astrophys., 1989, V. 219, P. 293.
- Cernicharo J., Castets A., Duvert G., Guilloteau S. // Large-scale HCN hyperfine anomalies Astron. Astrophys., 1984, V. 139, P. L13.
- Zinchenko I., Forstrom V., Mattila K. An unusual case of HCN hyperfine anomalies in S76E: physical implications // Astron. Astrophys., 1993, V. 275, P. L9.
- Cao Y.X., Zeng Q., Deguchi S., Kameya 0., Kaifu N. // Hyperfine structure of HCN J = 1 — 0 and implied physical information around NGC7538 IRS1 Astron. J., 1993, V. 105, P. 1027.
- Gonzalez-Alfonso E., Chernicharo J. HCN hyperfine anomalies in dark clouds // Astron. Astrophys., 1993, V. 279, P. 506.
- Solomon P.M., Sanders D.B., Rivolo R. The Massachusetts-Stony Brook Galactic Plane Survey: disk and spiral arm molecular cloud populations // Astrophys. J., 1985, V. 292 P. L19.
- Sharpless S. A catalogue of H II regions // Astrophys. J. Suppl., 1959? V. 4, P. 257.
- IRAS Point Source Catalog, 1985, ed. Beichman C.A., Neugebauer G., Habing H.J. et al. Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) Catalogs and Atlases, NASA, RP-1190.
- Демкин В.М., Зинченко И. И., Нестер ов Н.С., Шанин В. Н. Система автоматизации многоканальных радиоастрономических наблюдений // Изв. Крым, астрофиз. обе., 1986, Т. 74, С. 176.
- Ulich B.L., Haas R.W. Absolute calibration of millimeter-wavelength spectral lines // Astrophys. J. Suppl., 1976, V. 30, P. 247.
- Johansson L.E.B., Andersson C., Ellder J. et al. Spectral scan of Orion A and IRC+10 216 from 73 to 91 GHz // Astron. Astrophys., 1984, V. 130, P. 227.
- Смирнов Г. Т., Цивилев А. П. Аппроксимация спектрограмм радиоисточников на ЭВМ // Астрон. журн., 1982, Т. 59, С. 1020.
- Blitz L., Fich М., Stark A.A. Catalog of СО radial velocities toward galactic H II regions // Astrophys. J. Suppl., 1982, V. 49, P. 183.
- Fich M., Blitz L. Optical H II regions in the outer Galaxy // Astrophys. J., 1984, V. 279, P. 125.
- Stutzki J., Giisten R. High spatial resolution isotopic CO and CS observations of M17SW: the clumpy structure of the molecular cloud core // Astrophys. J., 1990, V. 356, P. 513.56. http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/astro/iras/issa.html
- Wood D.O.S., Churchwell E. Massive stars embedded in molecular clouds: their population and distribution in the Galaxy // Astrophys. J., 1989, V. 340, P. 265.
- Snell R.L., Huang Y.-L., Dickman R.L., Clausen M.J. Molecular outflows associated with bright far-infrared sources // Astrophys. J., 1988, V. 325, P. 853.
- Snell R.L., Dickman R.L., Huang Y.-L. Molecular outflows associated with a flux-limited sample of bright far-infrared sources // Astrophys. J., 1990, V. 352, P. 139.
- Schreyer K, Henning Th., Kompe C., Harjumpaa P. NH3 and HCO+ towards luminous IRAS sources // Astron. Astrophys., 1996, V. 306, P. 267.
- Carpenter J.M., Snell R.L., Schloerb F.P., Skrutskie M.F. Embedded star clusters associated with luminous IRAS point sources // Astrophys. J., 1993, V. 407, P. 657.
- Lada C.J. Cold outflows, energetic winds, and enigmatic jets around young stellar objects // Annual Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 1985, V. 23, P. 267.
- Yang J., Umemoto Т., Iwata Т., Fukui Y. A millimeter-wave line sudy of the L1287: a case of unduced star formation by stellar wind compression? // Astrophys. J., 1991, V. 373, P. 137.
- Estalella R., Mauersberger R., Torrelles J.M., Anglada G., Gomez J.F., Lopez R., Muders D. The molecular cores in the L1287, AFGL 5142, and IRAS 20 126+4104 regions // Astrophys. J., 1993, V. 419, P. 698.
- Walker R.N.F., Masheder M.R.W. IRAS 338+6312 viewed as the core of a collapsing cloud // Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 1997, V. 285, P. 862.
- Barsony M. A close-up view of the S87 molecular outflow // Astrophys. J., 1989, V. 345, P. 268.
- Phillips T.G., Huggins P.J., Wannier P.G., Scoville N.Z. Observations of CO (J = 2−1) emission from molecular clouds // Astrophys. J., 1979, V. 231, P. 720.
- Langer W.D., Penzias A.A. 12C/13C ratio in the local interstellar medium from observations of 13C180 in molecular clouds // Astrophys. J., 1993, V. 408, P. 539.
- Jaffe D.T., Davidson J.A., Dragovan M., Hildebrand R.H. Far-infrared and submillimeter observations of the multiple cores in S255, W3, and OMC-1: evidence for fragmentation? // Astrophys. J., 1984, V. 284, P. 637.
- Hildebrand R.H. The determination of cloud masses and dust characteristics from submillimeter thermal emission // Quart. Jour. Roy. Astron. Soc., 1983, V. 24, P. 267.
- Blake G.A., Sutton E.C., Masson C.R., Phillips T.G. Molecular abundances in OMC-1: the chemical composition of interstellar molecular clouds and the influence of massive star formation // Astrophys. J., 1987, V. 315, P. 621.
- Bally J., Lada Ch.J. The high-velocity molecular flows near young stellar objects // Astrophys. J., 1983, V. 265, P. 824.
- Brand J., Wouterloot J.G.A. IRAS sources beyond the solar circle. V. Properties of far-outer Galaxy molecular clouds // Astron. Astrophys., 1995, V. 303, P. 851.
- Zinchenko I., Henning T., Schreyer K. Studies of dense cores in regions of massive star formation V. Structure and kinematics of dense cores from ammonia observations // Astron. Astrophys. Suppl., 1997, V. 124, P. 385.
- Henning T., Cesaroni R., Walmsley M., Pfau W. Maser search towards young stellar objects // Astron. Astrophys. Suppl., 1992, V. 93, P. 525.
- Wu Y., Huang M., He J. A catalogue of high velocity molecular outflows // Astron. Astrophys. Suppl., 1996, V. 115, P. 283.
- Isobe T., Feigelson E., Akritas M.G., Babu G.J. Linear regression in astronomy I. // Astrophys. J., 1990, V. 364, P. 104.
- Benson P.J., Myers P.C. A survey for dense cores in dark clouds // Astrophys. J. Suppl., 1989, V. 71, P. 89.
- Zhou S., Wu Y., Evans II N.J., Fuller G.A., Myers P.C. A CS survey of low-mass cores and comparison with NH3 observations // Astrophys. J., 1989, V. 346, P. 168.
- Scappini F., Palumbo G.G.C., Bruni G., Bergman P. Molecular lines in Bok globules and around Herbig Ae/Be stars // Astrophys. J., 1994, V. 427, P. 259.
- Scappini F., Codella C. Radio observations in NH3 and C2S towards small molecular clouds and around pre-main-sequence stars // Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 1996, V. 282, P. 587.
- Turner B.E. The physics and chemistry of molecular clouds in the galactic plane. III. NH3 // Astrophys. J., 1995, V. 444, P. 708.
- Turner B.E. The physics and chemistry of translucent molecular clouds. IV. HCO+ and N2H+ // Astrophys. J., 1995, V. 449, P. 635.
- Turner B.E. The physics and chemistry of small translucent molecular clouds. VI. Organo-sulfur species // Astrophys. J., 1996, V. 461, P. 246.
- Carroll T.J., Goldsmith P.F. IR-pumping and rotational excitation of molecules in interstellar clouds // Astrophys. J., 1981, V. 245, P. 891.
- Wouterloot J.G.A., Walmsley C.M., Henkel C. Ammonia towards IRAS sources in the Orion and Cepheus clouds // Astron. Astrophys., 1988, V. 203, P. 367.
- Carpenter J.M., Snell R.L., Schloerb F.P. Molecular clouds associated with luminous far-infrared sources in the outer Galaxy // Astrophys. J., 1990, V. 362, P. 147.
- Mozurkewich D., Schwartz P.R., Smith H.A. Luminosities of sources associated with molecular outflows // Astrophys. J., 1986, V. 311, P. 371.
- Kriigel E., Walmsley C.M. Dust and gas temperatures in dense molecular clouds // Astron. Astrophys., 1984, V. 130, P. 5.
- Wu Y., Evans II N.J. A reexamination of the energetics of molecular clouds // Astrophys. J., 1989, V. 340, P. 307.
- Mezger P.G. Dust emission as a probe of dense interstellar matter //in «Physics and Composition of Interstellar MatterEds. Krelowski J., Papaj J. Torun: Institute of Astronomy Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1990, P. 97.
- Kutner M.L., Ulich B.L. Recommendations for calibration of the millimeter-wavelength spectral line data // Astrophys. J., 1981, V. 250, P. 341.
- Goldsmith P.F., Langer W.D. Molecular cooling and thermal balance of dense interstellar clouds // Astrophys. J., 1978, V. 222, P. 881.
- Leung C.M. Radiation transport in dense interstellar dust clouds. I. Grain temperature // Astrophys. J., 1975, V. 199, P. 340.
- Neufeld D.A., Lepp S., Melnick G.J. Thermal balance in dense molecular clouds: radiative cooling rates and emission-line luminosities // Astrophys. J. Suppl., 1995, V. 100, P. 132.
- Lis D.C., Goldsmith P.F. Modelling of the continuum and molecular line emission from the Sagittarius B2 molecular cloud // Astrophys. J., 1990, V. 356, P. 195.
- Ho P.T.P., Martin R.N., Barrett A.H. Molecular clouds associated with compact H II regions. I. General properties // Astrophys. J., 1981, V. 246, P. 761.
- Takahashi T., Hollenbach D.J., Silk J. Far-infrared line intensities of H20 and CO from warm molecular clouds // Astrophys. J., 1985, V. 292, P. 192.
- Linke R.A., Goldsmith P.F. Observations of interstellar carbon monoxide evidence for turbulent cores in giant molecular clouds // Astrophys. J., 1980, V. 235, P. 437.
- Fuller G.A., Myers P.C. Dense cores in dark clouds. VII. Line width size relations // Astrophys. J., 1992, V. 384, P. 523.
- Larson R.B. Turbulence and star formation in molecular clouds // Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 1981, V. 194, P. 809.
- Carr J.S. A study of clumping in the Cepheus OB 3 molecular cloud // Astrophys. J., 1987, V. 323, P. 170.
- Loren R.B. The cobwebs of Ophiuchus. II. 13CO filament kinematics // Astrophys. J., 1989, V. 338, P. 925.
- Bertoldi F., McKee C.F. Pressure-confined clumps in magnetized molecular clouds // Astrophys. J., 1992, V. 395, P. 140.
- Myers P.C., Goodman A.A. Evidence for magnetic and virial equilibrium in molecular clouds // Astrophys. J., 1988, V. 326, P. L27.
- McKee C.F., Zweibel E.G. Alfven waves in interstellar gasdynamics // Astrophys. J., 1995, V. 440, P. 686.
- Chieze J.P. The fragmentation of molecular clouds. I. The mass radius — velocity dispersion relations // Astron. Astrophys., 1987, V. 171, P. 225.
- Maloney P. The turbulent interstellar medium and pressure-bounded molecular clouds // Astrophys. J., 1988, V. 334, P. 761.
- Elmegreen B.G. A pressure and metallicity dependence for molecular cloud correlations and the calibration of mass // Astrophys. J., 1989, V. 338, P. 178.
- Myers P.C., Fuller G.A. Density structure and star formation in dense cores with thermal and nonthermal motions // Astrophys. J., 1992, V. 396, P. 631.
- Caselli P., Myers P.C. The line width size relation in massive cloud cores // Astrophys. J., 1995, V. 446, P. 665.
- McLaughlin D.E., Pudritz R.E. A model for the internal structure of molecular cloud cores // Astrophys. J., 1996, V. 469, P. 194.
- Tatematsu K., Umemoto T., Kameya 0. et al. Molecular cloud cores in the Orion A cloud. I. Nobeyama CS (l-O) survey // Astrophys. J. 1993, V. 404, P. 643.
- Dame T.M., Elmegreen B.G., Cohen R.S., Thaddeus P. The largest molecular cloud complexes in the first galactic quadrant // Astrophys. J., 1986, V. 305, P. 892.
- Solomon P.M., Rivolo A.R., Barrett J., Yahil A. Mass, luminosity, and line width relations of galactic molecular clouds // Astrophys. J., 1987, V. 319, P. 730.
- McCrea W.H. The formation of population I stars. Part I. Gravitational contraction // Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 1957, V. 117, P. 562.
- McKee C.F., Zweibel E.G. On the virial theorem for turbulent molecular clouds // Astrophys. J., 1992, V. 399, P. 551.
- Doty S.D., Leung C.M. A critical evaluation of semianalytic methods in the study of centrally heated, unresolved, infrared sources // Astrophys. J., 1994, V. 424, P. 729.
- Zhou S., Butner H.M., Evans II N.J., Gasten R., Kutner M.L., Mundy L.G. CS multitransitional study of density distribution in star-forming regions. II. The S140 region // Astrophys. J., 1994, V. 428, P. 219.
- Efstathiou A., Rowan-Robinson M. Multigrain dust cloud models of compact H II regions // Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 1994, V. 266, P. 212.
- White R.E. Microturbulence, systematic motions, and line formation in molecular clouds // Astrophys. J., 1977, V. 211, P. 744.
- Snell R.L., Loren R.B. Self-reversed CO profiles in collapsing molecular clouds // Astrophys. J., 1977, V. 211, P. 122.
- Зинченко И.И., Лапинов А. В. Профили линий СО в холодных межзвездных облаках // Астрон. журн., 1985, Т. 62, С. 860.
- Kwan J. Radiation transport and the kinematics of molecular clouds // Astrophys. J., 1978, V. 223, P. 147.
- Gierens K.M., Stutzki L.E., Winnewisser G. UV irradiated clumps in the Orion A molecular cloud Interpretation of low-J CO observations // Astron. Astrophys., 1992, V. 259, P. 271.
- Goldsmith P.F. The clumpy structure of molecular clouds // 1995 in «C.H. Townes Festschrift», ed. Chiao R.Y., AIP.
- Juvela M. Clumpy cloud models for CS and C34S spectra observed towards southern massive star forming cores // Astron. Astrophys., 1998, V. 329, P. 659.
- Park Y.-S., Hong S.S. Tree dimensional non-LTE radiative transfer of CS in clumpy dense cores // Astrophys. J., 1998, V. 494, P. 605.
- Pagani L. A non-LTE Monte-Carlo model of CO emission in clumpy molecular clouds // Astron. Astrophys., 1998, V. 333, P. 269.
- Evans II N.J., Mundy L.G., Kutner M.L., DePoy D.L. The nature of the radio and infrared sources in S140 // Astrophys. J., 1989, V. 346, P. 212.
- Zhou S., Evans. N. J., II, Mundy L.G., Kutner M.L. New VLA observations of NH3 in S140 // Astrophys. J., 1993, V. 417, P. 613.
- Hayashi M., Murata Y. A clumpy ring of CS (J = 1 — 0) emission around the S140 IR cluster // Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan, 1992, V. 44, P. 391.
- Wilner D.J., Welch W.J. The S140 core: aperture synthesis HCO+ and SO observations // Astrophys. J., 1994, V. 427, P. 898.
- Minchin N.R., White G.J., Padman R. A multi-transitional molecular and atomic line study of S140 // Astron. Astrophys., 1993, V. 277, P. 595.
- Harker D., Bregman J., Tielens A.G.G.M., Temi P., Rank D. The infrared reflection nebula around embedded sources in S140 // Astron. Astrophys., 1997, V. 324, P. 629.
- Hasegawa T.I., Mitchell G.F., Henriksen R.N. Properties of the molecular cloud about S140 IRS1 deduced from HCO+ J = 3−2 observations // Astron. J., 1991, V. 102, P. 666.
- Ungerechts H., Walmsley C.M., Winnewisser G. Ammonia observations and temperatures in the S140/L1204 molecular cloud // Astron. Astrophys., 1986, V. 157, P. 207.
- Spaans M., van Dishoeck E.F. Physical models of photon-dominated regions: influence of dumpiness and geometry for S140 // Astron. Astrophys., 1997, V. 323, P. 953.
- Zinchenko I., Forstrom V., Lapinov A., Mattila K. Studies of dense cores in regions of massive star formation. CS J = 2 — 1 and HCN J = 1 — 0 observations of 11 nothern cores // Astron. Astrophys., 1994, V. 288, P. 601.
- Brand J., Blitz L. The velocity field of the outer Galaxy // Astron. Astrophys., 1993, V. 275, P. 67.