Вариабельность давления в легочной артерии у больных с различными формами легочной гипертензии
Диссертация
У больных с ВЛГ выявлена тенденция к нормализации показателей ДЛА и его вариабельности после оперативного вмешательства. Кроме того, выявлено, что сократительная способность миокарда левого желудочка после операции снижается, оставаясь в пределах нормальных значений, несмотря на уменьшение его размеров, что может быть использовано при ведении этих пациентов. У больных с ПЛГ уровень ДЛА и его… Читать ещё >
Список литературы
- Беленков Ю.Н., Чазова И. Е. Первичная легочная гипертензия. // М.: Нолидж. 1999. — 141с.
- Беленков Ю.Н., Чазова И. Е., Самко А. Н. и соавт. Применение антагониста кальция исрадипина у больных с первичной легочной гипертензией. // Кардиология. 1995. — № 7. — С. 9−13.
- Гипертония малого круга кровообращения (Под ред. Н.М. Мухарлямова). // М. 1971. — 115с.
- Жданов B.C., Чазова И. Е., Веселова С. П. и соавт. Клинико-морфологические аспекты первичной легочной гипертонии. // Тер. архив. 1992. — № 3. — С. 112−116.
- Легочная гипертония. Легочное сердце. // Болезни сердца и сосудов. Руководство для врачей. / Под ред. И. Е. Чазова. М.: Медицина. -1992.-Т. 3.-С. 230−280.
- Мареев В.Ю., Чазова И. Е., Лобова Н. М. Особенности течения хронической недостаточности кровообращения у больных первичной легочной гипертонией. // Кардиология. 1992. — № 5. — С. 5−7.
- Мартынюк Т.В., Чазова И. Е., Масенко В. П. и соавт. Применение простогландина Е1 в комбинации с антагонистом кальция исрадипином у больных с первичной легочной гипертензией. // Кардиология. 1997. — № 8. — С. 4−9.
- Миронова Н.А., Чазова И. Е., Беленков Ю. Н., Лазуткина В. К. Факторы, определяющие прогноз у больных с первичной легочной гипертензией. // Практикующий врач. 1999. № 15. — С. 13−14.
- Мухарлямов Н.М., Агранович Р. И. Клиника первично-сосудистой гипертонии малого круга кровообращения. // Кардиология. 1971. — № 3.-С. 20−31.
- Самко А.Н., Савченко А. П., Чазова И. Е., Лазуткина В. К., Мареев В. Ю., Беленков Ю. Н. Результаты катетеризации и рентгенографическая оценка сократимости и объемов сердца припервичной легочной гипертензии. // Тер. архив. 1994. — № 5. — С.62−66.
- Хоссейн Айюб. Влияние антагонистов кальция на гемодинамику малого круга кровообращения у больных хронической сердечной недостаточностью: Дисс.. канд. мед. наук. М. — 1987. — С. 114−128.
- Чазова И.Е. Первичная легочная гипертензия: вопросы патогенеза и дифференцированных путей лечения: Дисс.. док.мед.наук. М. -1996.-С. 68−90.
- Чазова И.Е., Жданов B.C., Веселова С. П., Мареев В. Ю. Патология первичной легочной гипертензии. // Арх. патологии. 1993. — № 3. — С. 52−55.
- Чазова И.Е., Мареев В. Ю. Первичная легочная гипертензия: вопросы, требующие ответа. // Тер. архив. 1994. — № 3. — С. 77−80.
- Чазова И.Е., Мартынюк Т. В., Масенко В. П. и соавт. Применение аспирина у больных с первичной легочной гипертонией. // Тер.архив.- 1998. № 8 — С. 45−48.
- Чазова И.Е., Паша С. П. К дифференциальной диагностике первично-сосудистой легочной гипертонии. // Тер. архив. 1989. — № 4. — С.111−114.
- Чжао Шуфан, Чазова И. Е., Агеев Ф. Т., Резванова Е. Н., Бакланова Н. А., Беленков Ю. Н. Состояние диастолической функции правого и левого желудочков сердца у больных первичной легочной гипертензией. // Тер. архив. 1995. — № 3. — С.47−50.
- АСС expert consensus document. Present use of bedside heart catheterization in patients with cardiac disease. // JACC. 1998. — Vol.32.- № 3. P. 840−64.
- Andreassen A.K., Madsen S., Kjekshus J., Simonsen S. Inhalation of a prostacyclin analog (iloprost) in primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension. // Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2001. — Vol. 121(10). — P. 1220−1223.
- Andersen T.J., Larsen E.T., Wyse D.G., Lester W.M. Primary pulmonary hypertension for 30 years. // Am J Cardiol. 1991. — Vol. 68. — P. 284 285.
- Baily J.M., Levy J.H., Kopel M.A., et al. Relationship between clinical evaluation of peripheral perfusion and global hemodynamics in adults after cardiac surgery. // Crit Care Med. 1990. — Vol. 18. — P. 1353−6.
- Barst R.J. Pharmacologically induced pulmonary vasodilation in children and young adults with pulmonary hypertension. // Chest. 1986. — Vol. 89. -P. 497.
- Bashein G., Johnson P.W., Davis K.B., et al. Elective coronary bypass surgery without pulmonary artery catheter monitoring. // Anesthesiology. -1985.-Vol. 63.-P. 451−4.
- Beladinelli L., Linden J., erne M.R. The cardiac effects of adenosine. // Prog Cardiovasc Dis. // 1989. Vol. 32. — P.73.
- Bergofsky E.H. Mechanisms underlying vasomotor regulation of regional pulmonary blood flow in normal and disease states. // Am J Med. 1974. -Vol. 57.-P. 378.
- Bradley R.D. Diagnostic right heart catheterization with miniature catheters in severe ill patients. // Lancet. 1964. — P. 941−942.
- Braunschweig F., Linde C., Eriksson M.J. Hofman-Bang C., Ryden L. Continuous haemodynamic monitoring during withdrawal of diuretics in patients with congestive heart failure. // Eur Heart J. 2002. — Vol. 23. — P. 59−69.
- Callahan W.E., Amorosino C.S. Endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension. // N Engl J Med. 1992. — Vol. 327.-P. 177−119.
- Charms B.L. Primary pulmonary hypertension: Effect of unilateral pulmonary artery occlusion and infusion of acetylcholine. // Am J Cardiol. -1961. Vol. 99.-P. 94.
- Christman B.W., McPherson C.D., Newman J.H., King G.A., Bernard G.R., Groves B.M., Loyd J.E. An imbalance between the excretion of thromboxane and prostocyclin metabolites in pulmonary hypertension. // N Engl J Med. 1992. — Vol. 327. — P. 70−75.
- Coalson J.J., Jacques W.E., Campbell G.S., Thompson W.M. Ultrastructure of the alveolar carillary membrane in congenital and acquired heart disease. // Arch Pathol. 1967. — Vol. 83. — P. 377.
- Coumand A., Ranges H.A. Catheterization of the right auricle in man. // Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1941. — Vol. 46. — P. 462−466.
- Davies N.J., Shinebourne E.A., Scallan M.J., et al. Pulmonary vascular resistance in children with congenital heart disease. // Thorax. 1984. -Vol. 39.-P. 895.
- D’Alonzo G.E., Barst R.J., Ayrez S.M., et al. Survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension: results from a national prospective registry. // Ann. Intern. Med. -1991. Vol. 115. — P. 343−349.
- Dresdale D.T., SchultzM., Michom R.J. Primary pulmonary hypertension. Clinical and hemodynamic study. // Am J Med. 1951. — Vol. 11. — P. 686−705.
- Dusting G.J., MacDonald P. S. Prostacyclin and vascular function: Implications for hypertension and atherosclerosis. // Pharmacol Ther. -1990.-Vol. 48.-P. 323.
- Fishman A.P. Autonomic vasomotor tone in the pulmonary circulation. J Anesthesiol. 1976. — Vol. 45. — P. 1.
- Frostell C., Fratacci M.D., Wain J.C., et al. Inhaled nitric oxide: A selective pulmonary vasodilator reversing hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrition. // Circulation. 1991. — Vol. 82. — P. 2038.
- Galie N., Ussia G., Passarelli P. Role of pharmacologic tests in the treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension. // Am J Cardiol. 1995. -Vol. 75. P. 55A-62A.
- Giaid A., Yanagisawa M., Langleben D., Michel R.P., Levy R.D., Kimura S., Masaki Т., Duguid W.P., Stewart D.J. Expression of endothelin-1 in the lungs of patients with pulmonary hypertension. // N Engl J Med. -1993. Vol. 328. — P.1732−1739.
- Grover R.F., Reeves J.T., Blount S.F. Tolazoline hydrochloride (Priscoline): An effective pulmonary vasodilator. // Am Heart J. 1961. -Vol. 61.-P. 5.
- Halpern S.M., Shah P.K., Lehrman S., Goldberg H.S., Jasper A.C., Koerner S.K. Prostaglandin El as a screening vasodilator in primary pulmonary hypertension. // Chest. 1987. — V. 92. — P. 686−91.
- Harley R.A., Friedman P.J., Saldana M., et al. Sequential Development of lesions in experimental extreme pulmonary hypertension. // Am J Pathol. -1968.-Vol. 52.-P. 935.
- Haworth S.G. Pulmonary vascular disease in different types of congenital heart disease. Implications for interpretation of lung biopsy findings in early childhood. // Br Heart J. 1984. — Vol. 52. — P. 557.
- Heath D., Edwards J.E. Histological changes in the lung in diseases associated with pulmonary venous hypertension. // Br J Dis Chest. 1959. -Vol. 53.-P. 8.
- Inbar S., Schrader В., Kaufmann E. Effects of adenosine in combination with calcium channel blockers in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. //JACC. 1993. — Vol. 21. — P. 413−418.
- Jones D.K., Higenbottam Т., Wallwork J. Treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension with intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin). // Br Heart J. 1987. -Vol. 57. P. 270−278.
- Kay J.M., Edwards F.R. Ultrastructure of the alveolar carillary wall in mitrale stenosis. // J Pathol. 1973. — Vol. 111. — P. 239.
- Kerstein D., Levy P. S., Hsu D.T., Hordof A.J., Gersony W.M., Barst R.J. Blade balloon atrial septostomy in patients with severe primary pulmonary hypertension. // Circulation. 1995 — Vol. 91. — P.2028−35.
- Langleben D., Barst R., Badesch D., et al. Continuous infusion of epoprostenol improves the net balance between pulmonary endothelin-1 clearance and release in primary pulmonary hypertension. // Circulation. -1999.-Vol. 99.-P. 3266−3271.
- Laskey W.K., Ferrari V.A., Palevsky H.I., Kussmaul W.G. Pulmonary artery hemodinamics in primary pulmonary hypertension. // J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993. — Vol. 21. — P. 406−412.
- Lehot J.J., Carre R., Cottet-Emard J.M., et al. Does Swan-Ganz catheter help in wearing from controlled ventilation after mitral valve replacement? // Presse Med. 1998. — Vol. 17. — P. 2121−4.
- Levin R.I., Glassman E. Left atrial-pulmonary artery wedge pressure relation: Effect of elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. // Am J cardiol. 1985.-Vol. 55.-P. 856.
- Lilienfeld D.E., Engin M.S., Rubin L.J. Mortality from primary pulmonary hypertension in United States, 1979−1996. // Chest. 2000. -Vol. 117(3).-P. 796−800.
- Lopes A.A., Maeda N.Y., Bydlowsky S.P. Endothelial cell dysfunction correlates differentially with survival in primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension. // Am Heart J. 2000. — Vol. 39. — P. 618−623.
- McCormack D.G., Clarke В., Barnes P.J. Characterization of adenosine receptors in human pulmonary arteries. // Am J Phisiol. 1989. — Vol. 256. -P. H41.
- McLaughlin V.V., Genthner D.E., Panella M.M., Hess D.M., Rich S. Compassionate use of continuous prostacyclin in the management of secondary pulmonary hypertension. // Ann Intern Med. 1999. — Vol. 130(9).-P. 740−743.
- Mehta S., Stewart D.J., Langleben D., Levy R.D. Short-term pulmonary vasodilation with L-arginine in pulmonary hypertension. // Circulation. -1995.-Vol. 92.-P. 1539.
- Mikhail G. W, Chester A.H., Gibbs S.R., Borland A.A., Banner N.R., Yacoub M.H. Role of vasoactive mediators in primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension. // Am J Cardiol. 1998. — Vol. 82. — P. 254−255.
- Mikhail G. W, Gibbs J.S., Yacoub M.H. Pulmonary and systemic arterial pressure changes during syncope in primary pulmonary hypertension. // Circulation. 2001. — Vol. 11 — P. 1326−7.
- Moncada S. Prostacyclin, from discovery to clinical application. // J Pharmacol. 1985. Vol. 16 (Suppl). — P. 71.
- Moore C.H., Lombardo T.R., et al. Left main coronary artery stenosis: hemodynamic monitoring to reduce mortality. // Ann Thorac Surg. 1978. -Vol. 26.-P. 445−51.
- Muller B. Pharmacology of thromboxane A2, prostacyclin and other ecosanoids in the cardiovascular system. // Therapie. 1991. — Vol. 46. -P. 217.
- Nathan A.W., Perry S.G., Cochrane Т., Banim S.O., Spurrel R.A.J., Camm A.J. Ambulatory monitoring of pulmonary artery pressure: a preliminary clinical evaluation. // Br heart J. 1983. — Vol. 49. — P. 33−37.
- Nootens M., Kaufman E., Rich S. Short term effectiveness of nifedipine in secondary pulmonary hypertension. // Am J Cardiol. 1993. — Vol. 71. -P. 1475−1476.
- Nootens M., Schrader В., Kaufman E., Vestal R., Long W., Rich S. Comparative acute effects of adenosine and prostacyclin in primary pulmonary hypertension. // Chest. 1995. — Vol. 105. — P. 54−57.
- Ohlsson A., Bennett Т., Ottenhoff F., Bitkover C., Kjelstom В., Nordlader R., Astrom H., Ryden L. Long-term recording of cardiac output via an implantable hemodynamic monitoring device. // Eur Heart J. 1996. -Vol. 17.-P. 1902−1910.
- Palevsky H., Long W., Crow J., Fishman A.P. Prostacyclin and acetylcholine as a screening agents for acute pulmonary vasodilatorresponsiveness in primary pulmonary hypertension. // Circulation. 1990. -Vol. 82.-P. 2018−2126.
- Palevsky H., Schloo В., Pietra G., et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension. Vascular structure, morphometry and responsiveness to vasodilator agents. //Circulation. 1989.-Vol. 80.-P. 1207−1221.
- Parker F., Weiss S. The nature and significance of the structural changes in the lungs in mitral stenosis. // Am J Pathol. 1936. — Vol. 12. — P. 573.
- Partanen J., Nieminen M.S., Luomanmaki K. Death in a patient with primary pulmonary hypertension after 20 mg nifedipine. N Engl J Med. -1993.-Vol. 329.-P. 212−213.
- Pearson K.S., Gomez M.N., Moyers J.R., et al. A cost/benefit analysis of randomized invasive monitoring for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. // Anesth Ann. 1989. — Vol. 69. — P. 336−41.
- Pepke-Zaba J., Higgenbottam W., Tuan Ding-Xuan A., et al. Inhaled nitric oxide as a cause of selective pulmonary vasodilation in pulmonary hypertension. // Lancet. 1991. — Vol. 338. — P. 1173.
- Person В., Proctor R.G. Primary pulmonary hypertension: Responses to indomethacin, terbutaline and isoproterenol. // Chest. 1979. — Vol. 76. -P. 601.
- Pierson M.G., Funk M. Technology versus clinical evaluation for fluid management decisions in CABG patients. // Image J Nurs Sch. 1989. -Vol. 21.-P. 192−5.
- Pulmonary artery Catheter Consensus Conference Participants. Pulmonary Artery Catheter Consensus Conference: consensus statement. // rit Care Med. 1997. — Vol. 25. — P. 910−25.
- Rabinovitch M., Keane J.F., Norwood W.I., et al. Vascular structure in lung tissue obtained at biopsy correlated with pulmonary hemodynamic findings after repair of congenital heart defects. // Circulation. 1984. -Vol. 69.-P. 655.
- Raeside D.A., Chalmers G., Clelland J., Madhok R., Peacock A.J. Pulmonary artery pressure variation in patients with connective tissue disease: 24 hour ambulatory pulmonary artery pressure monitoring. // Thorax. 1998. — Vol. 53. — P. 857−862.
- Recommendations on the management of pulmonary hypertension in clinical practice. // Heart. -2001.-86 (Suppl I). P. il-il3.
- Reeves J.T., Groves B.M., Turkevich D. The case for treatment of selected patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. // Am Rev Respir Dis. 1986. — Vol. 134. — P. 342−346.
- Rhodes J., Barst R.J., Garofano R.P., Thoele D.G., Gersony W.N. Hemodynamic correlates of exercise function in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. // J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991. — Vol. 18. — P. 17 381 744.
- Ricciardi M.J., Knight B.P., Martinez F.J., Rubenfire M. Inhaled nitric oxide in primary pulmonary hypertension: a safe and effective agent for predicting response to nifedipine. // J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998. — V. 32. -P. 1068−73.
- Rich S., Dodin E., McLaughlin V.V. Usefulness of atrial septostomy as a treatment for primary pulmonary hypertension and guidelines for its application. // Am J Cardiol. 1997. — Vol.80. — P.369−71.
- Rich S., Kaufman E. High dose titration of calcium channel blocking agents for primary pulmonary hypertension: guidelines for short-term drug testing.//Am J Cardiol.-1991.-Vol. 18.-P. 1323−1327.
- Rich S., Kaufmann E., Levy S. The effect of high dose of calcium-channel blockers on survival in primary pulmonary hypertension. // N Engl J Med. 1992. — Vol. 327. — P. 76−81.
- Rich S., D’Alonzo G., Dantzker D., Levy P. S. Magnitude and implications of spontaneous hemodynamic variability in primary pulmonary hypertension. // Am J Cardiol. 1985. Vol. 55. — P. 159−163.
- Richards M., Ikram H., Crazier I. Ambulatory pulmonary arterial pressure in primary pulmonary hypertension: variability, relation to systemic arterial pressure, and plasma cathecholamines. // Br Heart J. -1990.-Vol.63.-P. 103−108.
- Roberts J.D., Lang P., Bigatello L.M., et al. Inhaled nitric oxide in congenital heart disease. // Circulation. 1993. — Vol. 87. — P. 447.
- Robin E.R., Meyer E.C. Cardiopulmonary effects of pulmonary venous hypertension with special reference to pulmonary lymphatic flow. // С ire Res.- 1969.-Vol. 8.-P. 324.
- Rosenzweig E.B., Kerstem D., Barst R.J. Long-term prostacyclin for pulmonary hypertension with associated congenital heart defects. // Circulation. 1999.-Vol. 99.-P. 1858−1865.
- Rozkovic A., Montanes D., Oakley C.M. Factors that influence the outcome of primary pulmonary hypertension. // Br Heart J. 1986. — Vol. 55.-P. 449.
- Rubin L.J. Primary pulmonary hypertension. // N. Engl. J. Med. 1997. -Vol. 336.-P. 111−117.
- Rubin L.J. Pathology and pathophysiology of primary pulmonary hypertension. // Am J Cardiol. 1995. — Vol. 75. — P.51A-54A.
- Rubin L.J., Groves В., Reeves J, et al. Prostacyclin-indused acute pulmonary vasodilation in primary pulmonary hypertension. // Circulation. 1982.-Vol. 66.-P. 334−338.
- Rubin L.J., Nicod P., Hillis L.D., Firth B.G. Treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension with nifedipine. A hemodynamic andscintigraphic evaluation. // Ann Intern Med. 1983. — Vol. 99. — P. 433 438.
- Rudolph A.M., Paul M.M.H., Sommer L.s., et al. Effects of tolazoline hydrochloride (Priscoline) on circulatory dynamics in patients with pulmonary hypertension. // Am Heart J. 1958. Vol. 56. — P. 424.
- Ruskin J.N., Hutter A.M. Primary pulmonary hypertension treated with oral phentolamine. // Ann Intern Med. 1979. — Vol. 90. — P.772.
- Saldana M., Harley R.A., Liebow A.A., Carrington C.B. Extreme experimental pulmonary hypertension in relation to polycythemia. // Am J Pathol. 1968. — Vol. 52. — P. 935.
- Samet P., Bernstein W.H. Loss of reactivity of the pulmonary vascular bed in primary pulmonary hypertension. // Am Heart J. 1963. Vol. 66. P. 197−199.
- Samet P., Bernstein W.H., Widrich J. Intracardiac infusion of acetylcholine in primary pulmonary hypertension. // Am Heart J. 1960. Vol. 60.-P. 433.
- Sanchez R., Wee M. Perioperative myocardial ischemia: early diagnosis using the pulmonary artery catheter. // J Cardiothorac Vase Anesth. -1991.-Vol. 5.-P. 604−7.
- Sandoval J., Bauerle O., Palomar A., Gomes A., Martinez-Guerra M.L., Beltran M., Guerrero L. Survival in Primary pulmonary Hypertension. // Circulation. 1994. — Vol. 89. — P. 1733−1744.
- Sandoval J., Rothman A., Pulido T. Atrial septostomy for pulmonary hypertension. // Clin Chest Med. 2001 — Vol. 22. — P.547−60.
- Schrader В., Inbar S., Kaufmann L., et al. Comparison of the effects of adenosine and nifedipine in pulmonary hypertension. // J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992.-Vol. 19.-P. 1060−7.
- Shettigar U.R., Hultgren H.N., Specter M., et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension: Favorable effect of isoproterenol. // N Engl J Med. 1976. -Vol. 295.-P. 1414−8.
- Simonneaux G., Herve P., Petipretz P., Girard P., et al. Detecrion of a reversible component in primary pulmonary hypertension: value of prostacyclin acute infusion. // Am Rev Respir Dis. 1986. — Vol. 133. — P. 223−8.
- Sopko G., Gordon В., Wood S. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization and Outcomes: NHLBI and FDA workshop. // JAMA. Submitted for publications.
- Steinhaus D.M., Lemery R., Bresnshsn D.R., Handlin R., Bennett Т., Moore A., Cardinal D., Foley L., Levine R. Initial experience with an implantable hemodynamic monitor. // Circulation. 1996. — Vol. 93. — p. 745−752.
- Swan H.J.C., Ganz W., Forrester J.S. Catheterization of the heart in man with use of a flow-directed balloon-tipped catheter. // N Engl J Med. -1970.-Vol. 283.-P. 447.
- Tuman K.J., McCarthy R.J., Spiess B.D., et al. Effect of pulmonary artery catheterization on outcome in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. // Anesthesiology. 1989. — Vol. 70. — P. 199−206.
- Uhley H.N., Leeds S.E., Sampson J.J., Friedman M. Role of pulmonary lymphatics in chronic pulmonary edema. // Circ Res. 1962. — Vol. 11.-P. 966.
- Voelkel N., Reeves J.T. Primary pulmonary hypertension. In: Moser K.M.< ed. Pulmonary Vascular Disease. New York: Marcel Dekker. -1979.-P. 573−628.
- Wagenvoort C.A., Wagenvoort N. Primary pulmonary hypertension: a pathologic study of the lung vessels in 156 clinically diagnosed causes. // Circulation. 1970. — Vol. 42. — P. 1163−1184.
- Wood P. Pulmonary hypertension with special reference to the vasoconstricteve factor. // Brit Heart J. 1958. — Vol. 20. — P. 557−570.
- Yamaki S., Wagenwoort C.A. Comparison of primary plexogenic arteriopathy in adults and children. A morphometric study in 40 patients. // Br Heart J. 1985. — Vol. 54. — P. 428.
- Yamaki S., Wagenvoort C.A. Plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy. Significance of medial thickness with respect to advanced pulmonary vascular lesions. // Am J Pathol. 1981. — Vol. 54. — P. 428−434.
- Yeo T.C., Dujardin K.S., Machoney D.W., McGoon M.D., Seward J.B. Value of a Doppler-derived index combining systolic and diastolic time intervals in predicting outcome in primary pulmonary hypertension. // Am J Cardiol. 1998 — Vol. 81. — P. 1157−61.