ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΡ (the Milky Way)
ΠΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² Π² 2004 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π’Π΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ°, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ, Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΡ Π΄Π²ΡΡ Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ NGC 6397. ΠΠ° ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Π·Π²ΡΠ·Π΄… Π§ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΅ΡΡ >
ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΡ (the Milky Way) (ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ, ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ)
ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΡ
ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΡ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΠΠ°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π‘ΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°. ΠΡΠΎ — ΠΏΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊ. ΠΡΠΎ — ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊ Π² Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡ ΠΈΠΌΡ — ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π»Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈ Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅Π· Lactea, Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Ρ Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ±Π»Π±ΠΎΠ―Π±Ρ (Galaxias), ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π±Π»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ (ΡΠΌ. ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ). ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ, ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π² Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅Π±Π΅, Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΡ «ΠΠ°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ», ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ «ΠΠ°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°». ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄ΠΈΡ Π‘ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ°, ΠΊ Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ³ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π€Π°ΠΊΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π‘ΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎ ΠΊ Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π£ ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊ, ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°ΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ. ΠΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
Π§ΡΠ΅Π·Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΉ Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄Ρ Π² Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅, Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΠ 1523−0901, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ 13.2 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π»Π΅Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ.
ΠΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² Π² 2004 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π’Π΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ°, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ, Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΡ Π΄Π²ΡΡ Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ NGC 6397. ΠΠ° ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Π·Π²ΡΠ·Π΄ ΠΎΡ 200 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎ 300 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ (13.4 ± 0.8 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΄Π° Π»Π΅Ρ), ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄ Π² ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ Π² 13.6 ± 0.8 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΄Π° Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠ΅, ΠΠ°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, Π±ΡΠ» ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ 6.5 ΠΈ 10.1 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π»Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄.
ΠΠ°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π±Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π³Π°Π·Π°, ΠΏΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π²Π°, ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π² Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΡ Sbc, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π²Π°. ΠΡΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΡ — ΠΏΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π² 1990;ΡΡ . ΠΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ° Spitzer Π² 2005, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π±Π°Ρ Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π»ΠΈ.
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ 5.8? 1011 ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ (Π. ?) Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ 200 — 400 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄. ΠΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ, Π±ΡΠ»Π° ?20.9. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ» ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ 600−3000 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌ. ?, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ.
The Milky Way
The Milky Way, or simply the Galaxy, is the galaxy in which the Solar System is located. It is a barred spiral galaxy that is part of the Local Group of galaxies. It is one of billions of galaxies in the observable universe. Its name is a translation of the Latin Via Lactea, in turn translated from the Greek ΠΠ±Π»Π±ΠΎΠ―Π±Ρ (Galaxias), referring to the pale band of light formed by stars in the galactic plane as seen from Earth (see etymology of galaxy). Some sources hold that, strictly speaking, the term Milky Way should refer exclusively to the band of light that the galaxy forms in the night sky, while the galaxy should receive the full name Milky Way Galaxy, or alternatively the Galaxy. However, it is unclear how widespread this convention is, and the term Milky Way is routinely used in either context.
The Milky Way looks brightest in the direction of the constellation of Sagittarius, toward the galactic center. Relative to the celestial equator, it passes as far north as the constellation of Cassiopeia and as far south as the constellation of Crux, indicating the high inclination of Earth’s equatorial plane and the plane of the ecliptic relative to the galactic plane. The fact that the Milky Way divides the night sky into two roughly equal hemispheres indicates that the Solar System lies close to the galactic plane. The Milky Way has a relatively low surface brightness due to the interstellar medium that fills the galactic disk, and preventing us from seeing the bright galactic center. It is then difficult to see from any urban or suburban location suffering from light pollution.
It is extremely difficult to define the age of the Milky Way but the age of the oldest star in the galaxy yet discovered, HE 1523−0901, is estimated to be about 13.2 billion years, nearly as old as the Universe itself.
This estimate is based on research by a team of astronomers in 2004 using the UV-Visual Echelle Spectrograph of the Very Large Telescope to measure, for the first time, the beryllium content of two stars in globular cluster NGC 6397. From this research, the elapsed time between the rise of the first generation of stars in the entire galaxy and the first generation of stars in the cluster was deduced to be 200 million to 300 million years. By including the estimated age of the stars in the globular cluster (13.4 ± 0.8 billion years), they estimated the age of the oldest stars in the Milky Way at 13.6 ± 0.8 billion years. Based upon this emerging science, the Galactic thin disk is estimated to have been formed between 6.5 and 10.1 billion years ago.
The galaxy consists of a bar-shaped core region surrounded by a disk of gas, dust and stars forming four distinct arm structures spiralling outward in a logarithmic spiral shape (see Spiral arms). The mass distribution within the galaxy closely resembles the Sbc Hubble classification, which is a spiral galaxy with relatively loosely-wound arms. Astronomers first began to suspect that the Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy, rather than an ordinary spiral galaxy, in the 1990s. Their suspicions were confirmed by the Spitzer Space Telescope observations in 2005 which showed the galaxy’s central bar to be larger than previously suspected.
The Milky Way’s mass is thought to be about 5.8? 1011 solar masses (M?) comprising 200 to 400 billion stars. Its integrated absolute visual magnitude has been estimated to be ?20.9. Most of the mass of the galaxy is thought to be dark matter, forming a dark matter halo of an estimated 600−3000 billion M? which is spread out relatively uniformly.
Dictionary
barred- [b??d] -ΠΏΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ
brightness- ['bra?tn?s] -ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ
consists- [k?n's?st]- ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ
constellation- [?k?n (t)st?'le??(?)n]- ΡΠΎΠ·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄ΠΈΠ΅
distribution- [?d?str?'bju??(?)n] -ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
estimate- ['est?me?t]- ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ°
exclusively- [?ks'klu?s?vl?]- ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ
globular- ['gl?bjul?]- ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ
inclination- [??nkl?'ne??(?)n]- ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ
located- [l?u'ke?t]- ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ
logarithmicΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ
loosely-wound — ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ°Π½Π°
magnitude- ['m?gn?t (j)u?d]- Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°
observable universe- [?b'z??v?bl] ['ju?n?v??s] - Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ
pollution- [p?'lu??(?)n] - Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
refer [r?'f??] - Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ; ΠΎΡΡΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ
relatively- ['rel?t?vl?] - ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ
spiral- ['spa??r (?)l] - ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Ρ
strictly- ['str?ktl?] - ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
structuresΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ
Suburban- [s?'b??b (?)n] - ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ
Suffering- ['s?f (?)r??] - ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Suspect- ['s?spekt] - ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ
UniformlyΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ
Widespread- ['wa?dspred] - ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ
Retelling
The basic theme of the given text, it Milky Way. Milky Way, or simply the Galaxy, is the galaxy in which the Solar System is located. It is one of billions of galaxies in the observable universe.
The Milky Way looks brightest in the direction of the constellation of Sagittarius, toward the galactic center. Relative to the celestial equator, it passes as far north as the constellation of Cassiopeia and as far south as the constellation of Crux, indicating the high inclination of Earth’s equatorial plane and the plane of the ecliptic relative to the galactic plane.
Unfortunately, It is then difficult to see from any urban or suburban location suffering from light pollution.
It is extremely difficult to define the age of the Milky Way. But thanking the UV-Visual Echelle Spectrograph of the Very Large Telescope to measure, It was possible to define approximate age of our galaxy. the Galactic thin disk is estimated to have been formed between 6.5 and 10.1 billion years ago!
Very interestingly that, the Milky Way’s mass is thought to be about 5.8? 1011 solar masses comprising 200 to 400 billion stars.