Аналгетический компонент анестезии и послеоперационное обезболивание при обширных абдоминальных хирургических вмешательствах
Диссертация
Внедрение результатов работы в практику. Разработанный метод анестезии и послеоперационной аналгезии после обширных абдоминальных операций внедрён в практику работы клиники факультетской хирургии им. С. И. Спасокукоцкого РГМУ, хирургических, анестезиологического и реанимационных отделений ГКБ № 1 им. Н. И. Пирогова г. Москвы. Основные положения диссертационной работы используют в лекциях… Читать ещё >
Список литературы
- Биккулова Д.Ш. Боль и эмоции у детей в хирургической клинике./ Биккулова Д. Ш. //Москва 2001 г
- Бунятян A.A. Руководство по анестезиологии. / Бунятян A.A. //М., Медицина. 1994. — с.338−339
- Вейн А. М. Боль и обезболивание./ Вейн A.M., Авруцкий М.Я.// Москва,-1997, — с.279
- Кукушкин M.JI. Механизмы патологической боли./ Кукушкин M. JL, Решетняк В. К. // Боль и ее лечение.- 1999.-№ 11.-е. 2−7
- Лебедева Р.Н. Фармакотерапия острой боли./ Лебедева Р. Н., Никода В.В.//- Москва, — 1998 г.
- Мизиков В.М. Новый местный анестетик длительного действия ропивакаина гидрохлорид (наропин)./ Мизиков В.М.// Анест. и реаниматол. 2000.- № 4.- с. 72—77.
- Никода В.В. Постоянная эпидуральная инфузия ропивакаина в послеоперационном периоде./ Никода В. В., Бондаренко A.B., Брусин В. И., Галлингер Э. Ю., Золичева Н. Ю. // Анест. и реаниматол. 2000. -№ 5.- с. 76—79.
- Овечкин А. М. Предупреждающая анальгезия: реальная возможность профилактики послеоперационного болевого синдрома./ Овечкин А. М, Гнездилов А. В, Арлазарова Н. М. и др. // Анест. и реаниматол. 1996.- № 4. с. 35—39.
- Ю.Овечкин A.M. Лечение и профилактика послеоперационной боли. Мировой опыт и перспективы./ Овечкин A.M., Гнездилов А. В., Морозов Д. В. // Боль и ее лечение. 1999. -№ 11.-е. 7−11
- Осипова Н. А. Антиноцицептивные компоненты общей анестезии и послеоперационной анальгезии./ Осипова Н. А. // Анест. и реаниматол., 1998.-№ 5.-с. 11—15.
- Осипова Н.А. Методические аспекты клинического применениядипривана (пропофола)./ Осипова Н. А., Ветшева М. С., Петрова В. В., и др. // Вестн. Интенивн. терапии, приложение: Диприван. 1996. — С. 15.
- Осипова Н. А. Хронический болевой синдром в онкологии./ Осипова Н. А., Новиков Г. А., Прохоров Б. М. //Москва, «Медицина». 1998.-Стр.41−44.
- Addison NV. Epidural analgesia following cholecystectomy/ Addison NV, Brear FA, Budd K, Whittaker MM Br J Surg.- 1974.- 61.-p.850−2
- Ahn H. Effect of continuous postoperative epidural analgesia on intestinal motility./ Ahn H, Bronge A, Johansson K, Ygge H, Lindhagen J. // Br J Surg.- 1988.-75.-p. 1176−8
- Albright G A. Cardiac arrest following regional anesthesia with etidocaine and bupivacaine. / Albright G A. // Anesthesiology. 1979.- V.51.~ P.285−287.
- APC Clinical Study Report 802−550-LC-0366−01. Naropine alone and in combinations with fentanyl for postoperative pain management in the first72 hrs followings colonic resection//Multicenter Study in Canada. San Diego, 1997.-P. 1−9.
- Arlock P. Actions of three local anaesthetics: lidocaine, bupivacaine and ropivacaine on guinea pig papillary muscle sodium channels. / Arlock P. // Pharmacology & Toxicology. -1988. -63. -p.96−104
- Aromaa U. Severe complications associated with epidural and spinal anaesthesias in Finland 1987−1993. A study based on patient insurance claim. / Aromaa U, Lahdensuu M, Cozanitis DA. // Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1997. -41. -p.445−52
- Ash KM. Pneumocephalus following attempted epidural anaesthesia. / Ash KM, Cannon JE, Biehl DR. //Can J Anaesth. 1991. — 38. — p.772−4
- Aitkenhead AR. Textbook of anesthesia./ Aitkenhead AR, Smith G. // Руководство по анестезиологии- M.: «Медицина». -1999
- Auroy Y. Serious complications related to regional anesthesia: results of a prospective survey in France. / Auroy Y, Narchi P, Messiah A, Litt L, Rouvier B. //Anesthesiology.- 1997. 87. — p.479−86
- Badner NH. Continuous epidural infusion of ropivacaine for the prevention of postoperative pain after major orthopaedic surgery. / Badner NH, Reid D, Sullivan P, et al. //Can J Anaesth. 1996. — 43. — p. 17−22
- Ballantyne JC. The comparative effects of postoperative analgesic therapies on pulmonary outcome: cumulative meta-analyses of randomized, controlled trials. / Ballantyne JC, Carr DB, deFerranti S, et al. // Anesth Analg. 1998. — 86. — p.598−612
- Baron HC. Continuous epidural analgesia in the heparinized vascular surgical patients: a retrospective review of 912 patients. / Baron HC, LaRaja RD, Rossi G, Atkinson D. // J Vase Surg. 1987.-6. -p. 144−6
- Basta M. Epidural hematoma following epidural catheter placement in a patient with chronic renal failure. / Basta M- Sloan P. // Can J Anaesth. — 1999. Mar. -46(3). -p.271−4
- Baxter AD. A comparison of lumbar epidural and intravenous fentanyl infusion for post- thoracotomy analgesia. / Baxter AD, Laganier S, Samson B et. al. // Can J Anesth. 1994. — 41. -p. 184−91
- Beattie W S. Epidural analgesia reduces postoperative myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. / Beattie W S- Badner NH- Choi P. //Anesth Analg. 2001. — Oct. -93(4). — p. 853−8
- Bell R. Pain after breast reduction surgery. / Bell R, Vindenes H. // Scand. Assoc. Study of Pain 18th Ann.Meet.- 1994,-abstr. no 33.
- Boada S. Hypotension refractory to ephedrine after sympathetic blockade in a patient on long-term therapy with tricyclic antidepressants. / Boada S, Solsona B, Papaceit J, Saludes J, Rull M //Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 1999. Oct. -46(8). -p.364−6.
- Bonica JJ. Circulatory effects of peridural block. I. Effects of level of analgesia and dose of lidocaine. / Bonica JJ, Berges PU, Morikawa K. //Anesthesiology. 1970. -33. — p. 619
- Boulanger A. Comparison between patient-controlled analgesia and intramuscular meperidine after thoracotomy. / Boulanger A, Choiniere M, Roy D, Boure B, Chartrand D. //Can J Anesth. 1993. -40. — p. 409−15
- Boylan J F. Epidural bupivacaine-morphine analgesia versus patient-controlled analgesia following aortic surgery. Aortic, respiratory and myocardial effects. / Boylan J F, Katz J, Kavanagh BP// Anesthesiology. -1998. 89. -p.585−593.
- Bredtmann RD. Epidural analgesia in colonic surgery: results of a randomized prospective study. / Bredtmann RD, Herden HN, Teichmann W. // Br J Surg. -1990. -77. p.638−42
- Breivik H. Postoperative pain management. // Bailliere’s Clinical Anesthesiology. 1995. — V.9. -p .403−585.
- Breivik H. Safe and effective postoperative pain relief: Introduction and continuous quality-improvement of comprehensive pain management programmes./ Breivik H, Hogstrom H, Niemi G, et al. // Bailliere’s Clinical Anesthesiology 1995. V.9. -p. 423−60
- Brockway MS. Comparison of extradural ropivacaine and bupivacaine. / Brockway MS, Bannister J, McClure JH, et al. //Br J Anaesth. 1991.-66. -p. 31−37
- Bromage PR. A comparison of the hydrochloride salts of lignocaine and prilocaine for epidural. / Bromage P//Br J Anaesth. 1965. -V.37−8. -p. 753 740
- Bromage PR. Continuous epidural analgesia. //In Epidural analgesia. WB Saunders, Philadelphia. -1978. — P.215.
- Bromage PR. Paraplegia following intracord injection during attempted epidural anesthesia under general anesthesia. / Bromage PR, Benumof JL. //Reg Anesth Pain. 1998. — 23. — p. 104−7
- Brown DL. Local anaesthetic toxicity. / Brown DL. //In Funicane BT (ed): Complications of regional anesthesia. Churchill Livingstone, New York 1999. Chapter 6
- Brown JG. Systemic opioid analgesia for postoperative pain management. / Brown JG. // Anesth Clin North Am. 7. -51. — 1989
- Carli F. Return of bowel function after thoracic epidural anesthesia. / Carli F, Trudel J, Belliveau P. // Dis Colon Rectum. 2001. In press
- Casati L. Isoflurane requirements during combined general/epidural anesthesia for major abdominal surgery. / Casati L, Fernandez-Galinski S, Barrera E, Pol O, Puig MM. // Anesth Analg. 2002. — May. -94(5).p.1331−7
- CerraFB. Metabolic manifestations of multiple organ failure. / Cerra FB// Crit Care Clin. 1989. -5. p. l 19
- Chan VW. Impact of patient-controlled analgesia on required nursing time and duration of postoperative recovery. / Chan VW, Chung F, McQuestions M, Gomez M. // Reg Anesth. 1995. -20. -p.506−14
- Chauvin M. Equivalence of postoperative analgesia with patient-controlled intravenous or epidural alfentanil. / Chauvin M, Hongnat JM, Mourgeon E, Lebrault C, Bellenfant F, Alfonsi P. //Anesth.Analg. 1993. — 76. -p. 1251−8
- Cheam EW. The superiority of epidural opioids for postoperative analgesia fact or fallacy? / Cheam EW, Morgan M. //Anaesthtsia. — 1994. -49. -p.1019−21
- Chia YY. Adding ketamine in a multimodal patient-controlled epidural regimen reduces postoperative pain and analgesic consumption. / Chia YY, Liu K, Liu YC, et al. // Anesth Analg. 1998. — 86. — p. 1245−9*
- Clarkson C W. Mechanism for bupivacaine depression of cardiac conduction: fast block of sodium channels during the action potential with slow recovery from block during diastole. / Clarkson C W, Hondeghem L M. //Anesthesiology. 1985. — 62. -p. 396−405
- Cleland J.G.//Northwest Med.-1949.-Vol.48.-p. 266
- Colwell CW Jr. Patient-controlled analgesia compared with intramuscular injection of analgesics for the management of pain after an orthopedic procedure. / Colwell CW Jr, Morris BA. //J Bone Joint Surg Am"Vol. 1995. -77. p.726−33
- Cook TM. Epidural analgesia following upper abdominal surgery: United Kingdom practice. / Cook TM, Eaton JM, Goodwin AP. //Acta Anaesthesiol Scand.- 1997.-41.-p. 18−24
- Cook TM. Analgesia following thoracotomy: a survey of Australian practice. / Cook TM, Riley RH. // Anaesth Intens Care.- 1997. 25. — p. 520−4
- Cousins M. Acute and postoperative pain. / Cousins M. // In Wall P. D., Melzack R. (Eds) Textbook of pain, 3rd ed., Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. 1994.
- Covino BG: Pharmacology of local anaesthetic agents. / Covino BG: //Br J Anaesth. 58. — p. 701, 1986
- Cullen ML. Continuous epidural infusion for analgesia after major abdominal operations: a randomized prospective double-blind study. / Cullen ML, Staren ED, El-Ganzouri A, Logas WG. //Surgery.- 1985. -98. -p.718−28
- Dahl JB, Kehlet H., Moiniche S. A Qualitative and Quantitative Systematic Review of Preemptive Analgesia for Postoperative Pain Relief./ Dahl JB, Kehlet H., Moiniche S. // Anesthesiology. -2002. -V.96. N 3
- Dahlgren N. Neurological complications after anesthesia. A follow-up of 18,000 spinal and epidural anaesthetics performed over three years. / Dahlgren N, Tornebrandt K. //Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1995. — 39. — 87 280
- Dauri M. Combined general and epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine for renal transplantation. / Dauri M, Costa F, Servetti S, Sidiropoulou T3 Fabbi E, Sabato AF. //Minerva Anestesiol. -2003. Dec. -69(12). -p.873−84
- Davies MJ. Combined epidural and general anesthesia versus general anesthesia for abdominal aortic surgery: a randomized prospective doubleblind study. / Davies MJ, Silbert BS, Mooney PJ et al. // Anesth Intens Care. 1993.-21.-p. 790−4
- Dawson P. Postoperative epidural analgesia. / Dawson P.// Curr. Anaesth. & Critical Care. 1995. — V.6.- p.69−75.
- De Leon-Cassassola O A. The effects of epidural bupivacaine-morphine and intravenous PCA morphine on bowel function and pain after radical hysterectomies. / De Leon-Cassassola O A, Lema M J. // Anesth.Analg.-1993.-V.76.-p.73.
- De Leon-Cassassola O A. Postoperative epidural opioid analgesia: what are the choices? / De Leon-Cassassola O A, Lema M J. // Anesth.Analg.-1996. -83. -p.867−75.
- Denson DD. Continuous perineural infusion of bupivacaine for prolonged analgesia: pharmacokinetic considerations. / Denson DD, Raj PP, Saldahna F, et al. // Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. -1983. -21. p.591
- Dickenson A.H. Where and How Do Opioids Act ?/ Dickenson A.H. // Proceed, of the 7th World Congress on Pain. Seattle. 1994.- P.525−552.
- Diemunsch P. Bilateral subdural hematoma following epidural anesthesia. / Diemunsch P, Balabaud VP, Petiau C. //Can J Anaesth. 1998. — 45. -p. 328−31
- Dunet F. Clinical results of combined epidural and general anesthesia procedure in radical prostatectomy management. / Dunet F, Pfister Ch, Deghmani M, Meunier Y, Demeilliers-Pfister G, Grise P. //Can J Urol. -2004. Apr. -11(2). -p. 2200−4.
- Egbert AM. Randomized trial of postoperative patient-controlled analgesia vs intramuscular narcotics in frail elderly men. / Egbert AM, Parks LH, Short LM, Burnett ML //Arch Intern Med/ 1990. — 150. — p. 1897- 903
- Eide PK. The NMDA antagonist ketamine for prevention and treatment of acute and chronic postoperative pain. / Eide PK, Stubhaug A.// Bailliere’s Clinical Anesthesiology. 1995. — V.9 — N.3. — p.539−553
- EmanuelssonBM. Systemic absorptions and block after epidural injection of ropivacaine in healthy volunteers. / Emanuelsson BM, Persson J, Alm C, et al. //Anaesthesiology. 1997c. — 87(b). -p. 1309−1317
- Etches RC. Continuous epidural ropivacaine 0.2% for analgesia after lower abdominal surgery. / Etches RC, Writer WD, Ansley D, et al. //Anesth Analg. 1997. — 84. -p. 784−90
- Ferrante FM. Postoperative Pain Management / Ferrante FM, VadeBoncouer TR. // Послеоперационная боль.- M.: «Медицина», 1998
- Finucane ВТ. Thoracic epidural infusions of ropivacaine (0,1%, 0,2%, 0,3%) vs placebo following upper abdominal surgery: a double-blind study. / Finucane BT, Yeh TW, CTCallaghan-Enright S, Jacyna S. // Reg Anesth. -1995.-20(Suppl 2S). -p. 35
- Fischer HB. Regional anesthesia- before or after general anesthesia? / Fischer HB. //Anaesthesia. 1998.-53. -p. 727−9
- Flisberg P. Pain relief after esophagectomy: Thoracic epidural analgesia is better than parenteral opioids. / Flisberg P- Tornebrandt K- Walther B- Lundberg J.//J Cardiothorac Vase Anesth. 2001. — Jun. -15(3). -p.282−7
- Frayn KN. Hormonal control of metabolism in trauma and sepsis. / Frayn KN. //Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1986. -24. -p.577
- Fredin H. Anesthetic techniques and thromboembolism in total hip arthroplasty. / Fredin H, Rosberg B. //Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1986. — 3. -p. 273−81
- Frohman LA. Neuroendocrine physiology and disease. / Frohman LA, Krieger DT // In Felig P, Baxter JD, Broadus AE, Frohman LA (eds): Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2nd Ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1986. P. 185.
- Fugen M. Prolonged peridural analgesia for postoperative pain therapy after major urologic interventions. Experiences with 172 adult patients. / Fugen M- Eberle J- Gerber R- Hogstrom H- Studer UE. // Urologe A. 2000.- Jan. -39(1). —p.41−7
- Funayama T. Systemic, but not pulmonary, hemodynamics are depressed during combined high thoraco-cervical epidural and general anesthesia in dogs. / Funayama T, Aida S, Matsukawa T, Okada K, Kumazawa T.// Can J Anaesth. -2003. May. -50(5). -p.454−9
- Garcia-Sanchez MJ. Chronic subdural hematoma secondary to an accidental dural puncture during epidural anesthesia. / Garcia-Sanchez MJ et al. // Rev Esp Anaesthesiol Reanim. 1996.-43. -p. 327−9
- Giebler RM. Incidence of neurologic complications related to thoracic epidural catheterization. / Giebler RM, Scherer RU, Peters J.// Anaesthesiology. 1997. — 86. -p. 55−63
- Grass JA. The role of epidural anesthesia and analgesia in postoperative outcome. / Grass JA. // Anesthesiol Clin N Am. 2000. — 18. -p. 407−28
- Gust R. Effect of patient-controlled analgesia on pulmonary complications after coronary artery bypass grafting. / Gust R, Pecher S, Gust A, Hoffman V, Bohrer H, Martin E. // Crit Care Med. 1999. — 27. -p. 2218−23
- Guthberston DP. Observations on the disturbance of metabolism produced by injury to the limbs. / Guthberston DP. // Q J Med. 1932. -25. -p.233
- Halldin MM. Metabolism and excretion of ropivacaine in humans. / Halldin MM, Bredberg E, Angelin B, et al. // Drug Metab Dispos. 1996. — 27. -p. 962−968
- Hayasu K. The placement of the epidural catheter at the predicted site by electrical stimulation test. / Hayasu K, Tomita M, Fujihara H et al. // Anesth Analg. 2001. -93(4). -p. 1035−9
- Hemmerling TM. Immediate Extubation after Aortic Valve Surgery Using High Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia. / Hemmerling TM, Choiniere JL, Basile F, Le N, Olivier JF, Prieto I. //Heart Surg Forum. 2004. — Jan. -7(1). -p. 16−20.
- Hendolin H. The effect of thoracic epidural analgesia on postoperative stress and morbidity. / Hendolin H, Lahtinen J, Lansimies E, Tuppurainen T. //Ann Chir Gynaecol. 1987. — 76. -p. 234−40
- Hendolin H. The effect of thoracic epidural analgesia on respiratory function after cholecystectomy. / Hendolin H, Lahtinen J, Lansimies E, Tuppurainen T, Partanen K. // Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1987. -31. -p. 645−51
- Hendolin H. The effect of lumbar epidural analgesia on the development of deep vein thrombosis of the legs after open prostatectomy. / Hendolin H, Mattila MA, Poikolainen E. // Acta. Chir Scand. 1981. — 147. -p. 425−9
- Hendolin H. Thoracic epidural analgesia and deep vein thrombosis in cholecystectomied patients. / Hendolin H, Tuppurainen T, Lahtinen J. // Acta Chir Scand. 1982. — 148. -p. 405−9
- Hjortso NC. A controlled study on the effect of epidural analgesia with local anaesthetics and morphine on morbidity after abdominal surgery. / Hjortso NC, Neumann P, Frosig F, et al. ?/ Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. -1985. 29. -p.790−6
- Hodgson PS. Epidural lidocaine decreases sevoflurane requirement for adequate depth of anesthesia as measured by the Bispectral Index monitor. / Hodgson PS, Liu SS. //Anesthesiology. -2001. May. -94(5). -p.799−803.
- Hodgson PS. Does epidural anesthesia have general anesthetic effects? A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. / Hodgson PS, Liu SS, Gras TW. // Anesthesiology. 1999. — Dec. -91(6). -p. 1687−92.
- Holte K. Epidural analgesia and risk of anastomotic leakage. / Holte
- K- Kehlet H. // Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2001. — Mar-Apr. -26(2). -p.l 11−7
- Hopf H., Weitz J. // Anesth.Analg pain management. // Arch.Surg.-1994.-V. 129(2)-P. 128−132.
- Horlocker TT. Neuraxial block and low-molecular-weight heparin: balancing perioperative analgesia and thromboprophylaxis. / Horlocker TT, Wedel DJ. // Reg Anesth Pain Med. 1988a. — 23.-p. 164−77
- Horlocker TT. Does preoperative antiplatelet therapy increase the risk of hemorrhagic complications associated with regional anesthesia? / Horlocker TT, Wedel DJ, Offord KP. // Anesth Analg. 1990. — 70.p.631−4
- Horlocker TT. Neurologic complications of spinal and epidural anesthesia. / Horlocker TT, Wedel DJ. //Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2000. — 25. — p.83−98
- Iida Y. A hemothorax after thoracic epidural anesthesia. / Iida Y, Kashimoto S, Matsukawa T, Kumazawa T. // J Clin Anesth. — 1994. — 6. — p.505−7
- Inoue K. Spontaneous resolution of epidural hematoma after continuous epidural analgesia in a patient without bleeding tendency. / Inoue K, Yokoyama M, Nakatsuka H, Goto K. // Anesthesiology. 2002. — 97
- Jackson KE. Suspected venous air embolism during epidural anesthesia. / Jackson KE, Rauck RL. // Anesthesiology. -1991. 74. -p. 190−1
- Jayr C. Postoperative pulmonary complications: general anesthesia with postoperative parenteral morphine compared with epidural analgesia. / Jayr C, Mollie A, Bourgain JL, et al. // Surgery. 1988. — 104. — p.57−63
- Jayr C. Postoperative pulmonary complications. Epidural analgesia using bupivacaine and opioids versus parenteral opioids. / Jayr C, Thomas H, Rey A, Farhat F, Lasser P, Bourgain JL.// Anesthesiology. 1993. — 78. -p. 666−76
- Jorgensen H. Antithrombotic efficacy of continuous extradural analgesia after knee replacement. / Jorgensen H- Rasmussen LS, Nielsen PT, Leffers A. Albrecht-Beste E. // Br J Anaesth. 1991. -66. -p.8−12
- Kalso E. Pain after thoracic surgery. / Kalso E, Perttunen K, Kaasinen. // Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1992. -V36. -p.96−100
- Kane RE. Neurologic deficits following epidural or spinal anesthesia. / Kane RE. //Anesth Analg. -1981.-60. -p. 150−61
- Katz Y. Pneumoencephalus after inadvertent intrathecal air injection during epidural block. / Katz Y, Marcovits R, Rosenberg B. // Anesthesiology. 1990.-69. -p. 647−52
- Kehlet H. Multimodal approach to control postoperative pathophysiology and rehabilitation. / Kehlet H. // Br J Anaesth. 1997. — 78. -p.606−17
- Kehlet H. Surgical stress: the role of pain and analgesia. / Kehlet H.// Br J Anaesth. 1989. -63. -p. 189
- Kehlet H. Postoperative pain. /Kehlet H., Dahl J.B. // World J.Surg.1993.- V.17.- p.215−219.
- Kehlet H. Postoperative pain relief. / Kehlet H. // Regional Anaesth.1994.- V.19.- P.369−377.
- Kehlet H. Effect of postoperative analgesia on surgical outcome. / Kehlet H, Holte K. // Br J Anesth. 2001. -87. -p.62−72.
- Kehlet H. Hospital stay of 2 days after open sigmoidectomy with a multimodal rehabilitation programme. / Kehlet H- Mogensen T. // Br J Surg. 1999. — Feb. — 86(2). -p.227−30
- Kehlet H. Postoperative opioid analgesia: time for a reconsideration? / Kehlet H, Rung GW, Callesen T. // J Clin Anesth. 1996. — 8. — p.441−5
- Kenady DE. A randomized comparison of patient -controlled versus standard analgesic requirements in patients undergoing cholecystectomy. / Kenady DE, Wilson JF, Schwartz RW, Bannon CL, Wermeling D. //Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1992. — 174. — p.216−20
- Kida H. The effect of epidural anesthesia on reducing blood loss during upper abdominal surgery. / Kida H, Nishikawa N, Matsunami K, Katsuyama R, Kawahito M. // Masui. -1999. Mar. -48(3). -p.265−70
- Kilbride MJ. Epidural analgesia. / Kilbride MJ, Senagore AJ, Mazier WP, Ferguson C, Ufkes T. // Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1992. — 174. -p. 137−40
- Kindler C. Extradural abscess complicating lumbar extradural anaesthesia and analgesia in an obstetric patient. / Kindler C, Seeberger M, Siegemund M, Schneider M. // Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1996. — 40. -p. 858−61
- Knudsen K. Central nervous and cardiovascular effects of i.v. infusions of ropivacaine, bupivacaine and placebo in volunteers. / Knudsen K, Beckman Suurkula M, et al. // Br J Anesth. 1997. — 78. -p.507−514
- Koo M. Sevoflurane requirements during coloproctologic surgery: difference between two different epidural regimens. / Koo M, Sabate A, Dalmau A, Camprubi I. // J Clin Anesth. -2003. Mar. -15(2). -p.97−102
- Kudoh A. Effect of epidural analgesia on postoperative paralytic ileus in chronic schizophrenia. / Kudoh A- Katagai H- Takazawa T. // Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2001. — Sep-Oct. -26(5). -p.456−60
- Lin WD. Comparison of contemporaneous and retrospective assessment of postoperative pain using the visual analog scale. / Lin WD, Aitkenhead AR. // Br J Anesth. 1991. — 67. -p.758−761
- Litz RJ. Intraoperative Asystolia bei Axillarer Plexusblockade mit Ropivacaine. / Litz RJ, Frank M, Wagner B, et al. // Anasthesiologie & Intensivmedizin. 1999. — 5(40). -p. 423 (Abstract)
- Liu S. Effects of perioperative analgesic technique on rate of recovery after colon surgery. / Liu S, Carpenter R, Mackey DC. // Anesthesiology. -1995. 83. -p.757−65
- Liu S. Epidural anesthesia and analgesia. Their role in postoperative outcome. / Liu S, Carpenter R, Neal J. // Anesthesiology/- 1995.-V.82.- p. 1474−1506.
- Liu M. Delayed Horner’s syndrome as a complication of continuous thoracic epidural analgesia. / Liu M, Kim PS, Chen CK, Smythe WR. // J
- Cardiothorac Vase Anesth. 1998. — Apr. -12(2). -p. 195−6
- Loper KA. Epidural and intravenous fentanyl infusions are clinically equivalent after knee surgery. / Loper KA, Ready LB, Downey M, et al. // Anesth Analg. 1990. — 70. -p. 72−5
- McCormack K. Dissociation between the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects of the non-steroidal antinfammatory drugs. / McCormackK, Brune K. //Drugs.- 1991.- V.41.- P.533−547.
- McCormack K. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and spinal nociceptive processing. / McCormack K. // Pain. -1994. -V.59.- P.9−43.
- Macrae WA. Chronic pain after surgery. / Macrae WA. // Br J Anesth. 2001. -87. -p.88−98
- Mallampati S.R. A Clinical Sign to Predict Difficult Tracheal Intubation: A Prospective Study. / Mallampati S.R., Gatt S.P., Gugino L.D. et al. // Can J Anesth.- 1985.-Vol.32.-p.429−434
- Mann C. Comparison of intravenous or epidural patient — controlled analgesia in the elderly after major abdominal surgery. / Mann C, Pouzeratte Y, Boccara G, et al. // Anesthesiology. 2000. — 92. -p.433−41
- Mateo E. Epidural and subarachnoidal pneumocephalus after epidural technique. / Mateo E, Lopez-Alarcon MD, Moliner S, et al. // Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1999. — 16. — p.413−7
- McClure JH. Ropivacaine. / McClure JH. //Br J Anaesth. 1996. — 76. -p.300−307
- Mellbring G. Thromboembolic complications after major abdominal surgery: effect of thoracic epidural analgesia. / Mellbring G, Dalgren S, Reiz S, Sunnegardh O. // Acta Chir Scand. 1983. — 149. -p.263−8
- Melzack R., Wall P. D. (Eds) Textbook of pain, 4rd ed., Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. 1999.
- Miguel R. A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of epidural and intravenous sufentanil infusions. / Miguel R, Barlow I, Morrell M, et al. // Anesthesiology. 1994. — 81. -p.346−52
- Modig J. Thromboembolism following total hip replacement a prospective investigation of 94 patients with emphasis on the efficacy of lumbar epidural anesthesia in prophylaxis. / Modig J, Maripuu E, Sahlstedt B. // Reg Anesth. — 1986. -11. -p.72−9
- Modig J. Thromboembolism after total hip replacement: role of epidural and general anesthesia. / Modig J, Borg T, Karlstrom G, Maripuu E, Sahlstedt B.// Anesth Analg. 1983. — 62. — p. 174−80
- Modig J. Comparative influence of epidural and general anesthesia on deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after total hip replacement. / Modig J, Hjemstedt, Sahlstedt B, Maripuu E. // Acta Chir Scand. 1981. — 147. -p.125−30
- Mogensen T. No tachyphylaxis during postoperative continuous epidural 0,125% bupivacaine infusion. / Mogensen T, Dirkes W, Bigler D, et al.//Reg Anesth. 1988.- 13.-p.l 17
- Mogensen T. Epidural clonidine enhanced postoperative analgesia from a combined low-dose bupivacaine and morphine regimen. / Mogensen T, Eliasen K, Ejlersen E, Vegger P, Nielsen IK, Kehlet H. //Anesth Analg. -1992.-75.-p. 607−10
- Mogensen T. The influence of volume and concentration of bupivacaine on regression of analgesia during continuous postoperative epidural infusion. / Mogensen T, Scott NB, Hjortso NC, et al. // Reg Anesth. 1988.-13.-p.122
- Moore D.C. The role of anesthesiologist in managing postoperative pain. / Moore D.C. // Reg Anesth- 1990.- V.15- p.223−231.
- Morrison SG. Efficacy and kinetics of extradural ropivacaine: comparison with bupivacaine. / Morrison SG, Emanuelsson BM, McClure JH, et al. // Br J Anaesth. 1994. — 72. — p. 164−169
- Niemi G. Postoperative pain relief with balanced epidural analgesia on surgical wards. / Niemi G, Haugtomt H, Breivik H. // Acta Anesth Scand. -1994.- V.39.- p.428.
- Okutomi T. Epidural saline solution prior to local anaesthetic produces differential nerve block. / Okutomi T- Hoka S. // Can J Anaesth. -1998. -Nov.- 45(11).-p.1091−3
- Owen H. Postoperative pain therapy: a survey of patients' expectations and their experiences. / Owen H., McMillan V., Rogowski D. // Pain. -1990. V.41.-P.303−309.
- Paech MJ. Postoperative epidural infusion: a randomized, doubleblind, dose-finding trial of clonidine in combination with bupivacaine and fentanyl. / Paech MJ, Pavi TJ, Orlikowski CE, Lim W, Evans SF. // Anesth Analg. 1997. — 84. — p.1323−8
- Park WY. Effect of epidural anesthesia and analgesia on perioperative outcome: a randomized, controlled Veterans Affairs cooperative study. / Park WY- Thompson JS- Lee KK. // Ann Surg. 2001. — Oct. -234(4).p.560−9- discussion 569−71
- Parsons C. Development of therapeutically safe NMDA receptor antagonists for the treatment of chronic pain. / Parsons C. //Book of Abstr. II Congr. EFIC,' Barcelona, Spain. 1997.- p.57−60
- Payen J.F. Assessing pain in critically ill sedated patients by using a behavioral pain scale. / Payen J.F., Bru O., Bosson J.L. // Crit Care Med. -2001. V.29. — № 12. — p.2258−63.
- Power I. Analgesic agents for the postoperative period. Nonopioids. / Power I, Barrat S. // Surg Clin N Am. 1999. — 79. — p.275−95
- Puig M M. Management of postoperative pain in Spain. / Puig M M- Montes A- Marrugat J. // Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001. — Apr. -45(4). -p.465−70
- Rao TL. Anticoagulation following placement of epidural and subarahnoid catheters: an evaluation of neurologic sequelae. / Rao TL, El-Etr AA. //Anesthesiology. 1981. — 55. — p.618−20
- Rawal N. Postoperative pain and its management. / Rawal N. // In Raj PP (ed): Practical Management of Pain. 2nd Ed. Mosby-Year Book, Malvers, PA.-1992.-p. 367.
- Ready L.B. Management of acute pain: a practical guide./ Ready L.B., Edwards W.T. // IASP Publications, Seattle, Ready L.B., Edwards W.T. Management 1992.- 73 P.
- Reiz S. Cardiotoxicity of ropivacaine a new amide local anaesthetic agent. / Reiz S, Haggmark S, Johansson G, et al. // Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. — 1989. — 33. — p.93−98
- Reiz S. Cardiotoxicity of local anaesthetic agents. / Reiz S, Nath S. // Br J Anaesth. 1986. — 58. — p.736−746
- Riwar A. Effect of continuous postoperative analgesia with peridural bupivacaine on intestinal motility following colorectal resection. / Riwar A, Schar B, Grotzinger U. // Helv Chir Acta. 1992. -58. — p.729−33
- Rodgers A. Reduction of postoperative mortality and morbidity with epidural and spinal anaesthesia. Results from overview of randomized trials. / Rodgers A, Walker N, Schug S, et al. // Med J. 2000. — 321. — p. 1493−7
- Ruetsh YA. Ropivacaine- induced convulsions and severe cardiac dysrhythmia after sciatic block. / Ruetsh YA, Fattinger KE, Borgeat A.// Anesthesiology. 1999. — 90. -p.1784−1786
- Rummans T. Nonopioids agents for treatment of acute pain: a practical guide. / Rummans T. //Mayo Clinic Proceed. 1994. V.69. — p.481−90
- Ryan P. Effect of epidural and general anaesthesia compared with general anaesthesia alone in large bowel anastomoses. A prospective study. / Ryan P, Schweitzer SA, Woods RJ. // Eur J Surg. 1992. — 158. — p.45−9
- Saberski LR. Identification of the epidural space: is loss resistance to air a safe technique? A review of the complications related to the use of air. / Saberski LR, Kondamuri S, Osinubi OY. // Reg Anesth. 1997. — 22. — p.3−15
- Sage DJ. Epidurals, spinals and bleeding disorders in pregnancy: a review. / Sage DJ. // Anaesth Intensive Care. 1990. — 18. — p.319−26
- Sakaguchi Y. Does adrenaline improve epidural bupivacaine and fentanyl analgesia after abdominal surgery? / Sakaguchi Y- Sakura S- Shinzawa M- Saito Y. // Anaesth Intensive Care. 2000. — Oct. — 28(5). -p.522−6
- Scheinin B. The effect of bupivacaine and morphine on pain and bowel function after colonic surgery. / Scheinin B, Asantila R, Orko R. // Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1991. — 31.-p. 161−4
- Schneeberger PM. Alpha-hemolytic streptococci: a major pathogen of iatrogenic meningitis following lumbar puncture. Case reports and a review of literature. / Schneeberger PM, Janssen M, Voss A. // Infection. 1996. -24. — p.29−33
- Schug SA. Postoperative analgesia by continuous extradural infusion of ropivacaine after major abdominal surgery. / Schug SA, Scott DA, Payne J, et al. //Br J Anesth. 1996. — 76. — p.487−491
- Scott DB. Toxicity caused by local anaesthetic drugs (editorial). / Scott DB.//Br J Anesth. 1981.-53.-p.553
- Scott DB. Maximum recommended doses of local anaesthetic drugs (editorial). / Scott DB. // Br J Anesth. 1989b. — 63. — p.73−74
- Scott DA. Postoperative analgesia using epidural infusion of fentanyl with bupivacaine. A prospective analysis of 1,014 patients. / Scott DA, Beilby DS, McClymont C. //Anesthesiology. 1995. — 83. — p.727−37
- Scott DA. Epidural ropivacaine infusion for postoperative analgesia following major lower abdominal surgery a dose finding study. / Scott DA, Charnley D, Mooney PH, et al. // Anesth Analg. — 1995. -81. — p.982−986
- Scott DA. Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of long-term epidural ropivacaine infusion for postoperative analgesia. / Scott DA, Emanuelsson B M, Mooney P H. // Anesth Analg. 1997. -85. -p.1322−30 .
- Scherer R. Complications related to thoracic epidural analgesia: a prospective study in 1071 surgical patients. / Scherer R, Schmutzler M, Giebler R, et al. // Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1993. — 37. — p.370−4
- Schwander D. Heparin and spinal or epidural anesthesia: decision analisis. / Schwander D, Bahmann F. // Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 1991. -10. -p.284−96.
- Seeling W. Patient- controlled analgesia versus epidural analgesia using bupivacaine or morphine following major abdominal surgery. No difference in morbidity. / Seeling W, Bothner U, Eifert B, et al. // Anaesthesist. 1991. -40. -p.614−23
- Seeling W. No reduction in postoperative complications by the use of catherized epidural analgesia following major abdominal surgery. / Seeling W, Brucksmoother KP, Hufiier C, Kneitinger E, Rigg C, Rockemann M.// Anaesthesist. 1990. -39. -p.33−40
- Selander D. Accidental i.v. injections of ropivacaine: clinical experiences of six cases. / Selander D, Sjovall J, Waldenlind L. // Reg Anesth. 1997. — 22(2S). — p.70(Abstract)
- Sethna NF. Venous air embolism during identification of the epidural space in children. / Sethna NF, Berde CB. // Anesth Analg. 1993. — 76. -p.925−7
- Shir Y. The effect of epidural versus general anesthesia on postoperative pain and analgesic requirements in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. / Shir Y, Raja S, Frank S. // Anesthesiology. -1994.- V.80.-p.49.
- Shono A. Comparison of 1% and 2% lidocaine epidural anaesthesia combined with sevoflurane general anaesthesia utilizing a constant bispectral index. / Shono A, Sakura S, Saito Y, Doi K, Nakatani T. // Br J Anaesth. 2003. — Dec. -91(6). -p.825−9
- Sjogren S. Blood concentration of lidocaine during continuous epidural blockade. / Sjogren S, Wright B. // Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, suppl. -1972.-46.-p.51
- SOAP Newsletter. 1984. — 15.-2
- Stafford-Smith M. Impaired haemostasis and regional anaesthesia. / Stafford-Smith M. // Can J Anesth. 1996. — 43. — p. 129−41
- Sztark F. Comparison of the Effects of Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine on Heart Cell Mitochondrial Bioenergetics. / Sztark F, Malgat M, Dabadie P, et al. // Anesthesiology. 1998. — 88. -p. 1340−9
- Tainter ML. Pain. / Tainter ML. // Ann NY Acad Sei. 1948. -3. -p.51
- Tanaka K. Extensive application of epidural anesthesia and analgesia in a university hospital: incidence of complications related to technique. / Tanaka K, Watanabe R, Harada T, Dan K. // Reg Anesth. 1993. — 18. -p.34−8
- Tay S M. Case report: catheter-related epidural abscess. / Tay S M- Lee R. // Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2001. — Jan. -30(1). -p:62−5
- Tejwani G. Role of spinal opioid receptors in the antinociceptive interactions between intrathecal morphine and bupivacaine. / Tejwani G, Rattan K, McDonald J. // Anesth.Analg.-1992.- V.74.- p.726−734.
- Tramer M. Role of magnesium sulfate in postoperative analgesia. / Tramer M, Schneider J, Marti R, Rifat K. // Anesthesiology. 1996. -V.84. -p.340−347.
- Tucker GT, Cooper S, Littlewood D, et al. Observed and predicted accumulation of local anaesthetic agents during continuous extradural analgesia. / Tucker GT, Cooper S, Littlewood D, et al. // Br J Anesth. -1977.-49.-p.237
- Tuman K, McCarthy R, March R. Effects of anesthesia and analgesia on coagulation and outcome after major vascular surgery. / Tuman K, McCarthy R, March R. // Anesth Analg. -1991. V.73. — p.696−704.
- Turner G. Continuous extradural infusion of ropivacaine for prevention of postoperative pain after major orthopaedic surgery. / Turner G, Blake DW, Buckland M, et al. // Br J Anesth 1996. -76. p.606−610
- Vandermeulen E P. Anticoagulants and spinal- epidural anesthesia. / Vandermeulen E P, Van Aken H, Vermylen J.// Anest Analg. 1994. -79. -p. 1165−77.
- Vaquero Roncero LM. Refractory hypotension during anesthesia in a patient treated with angiotensin receptor blockers. / Vaquero Roncero LM, Julian Gonzalez R, Muriel Villoria C. // Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. -2004. -Jun-Jul. -51(6). -p.33 8−41.
- Velicovic I. Modifying the neuroendocrine stress response. / Velicovic I, Yan J, Grass JA. // Seminars in Anesthesia, Perioperative Medicine, and Pain.-2002.-21(1)
- Wallin G. Failure of epidural anesthesia to prevent postoperative paralytic ileus. / Wallin G, Cassuto J, Hogstrom S, Rimback G, Faxen A, Tollesson PO. // Anesthesiology. 1986. — 65. — p.292−7
- Wang LP. Incidence of spinal epidural abscess after epidural analgesia: a national 1-year survey. / Wang LP, Hauerberg J, Schmidt JF. // Anesthesiology. 1999. -91. -p.1928−36
- Wattwil M. Epidural analgesia with bupivacaine reduces postoperative paralytic ileus after hysterectomy. / Wattwil M, Thoren T, Hennerdal S, Garvill JE.//Anest Analg. 1989. — 68.-p.353−8
- Wheatley R J. Safety and efficacy of postoperative epidural analgesia. / Wheatley R J, Schug S A, Watson D. // Br J Anesth. 2001. -87. -p.47−61.
- Wilmore DW. Catabolic illness/ Strategies for enhancing recovery. / Wilmore DW. // N Engl J Med. 1991. -325. -p.695
- Woolf C.J. Preemptive analgesia treating postoperative pain by preventing the establishment of central sensitization. / Woolf C.J. and Chong M.S. //Anesth. Analg.- 1993. — V.77.-p.l-18.
- Wu CL. Measurement of patient satisfaction as an outcome of regional anesthesia and analgesia: a systematic revew. / Wu CL, Naqibuddin M, Fleisher LA. //Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2001. -May-June. -V26(3)
- Wulf H. Epidural analgesia in postoperative pain therapy. A review. / Wulf H. // Anaesthesist. 1998. — Jun. -47(6). -p.501−10
- Yaksh TL. Epidural ketamine: a useful, mechanistically novel adjuvant for epidural morphine? / Yaksh TL. //Reg Anesth. 1996. — 21. -p.508−13
- Yeager MP. Outcome of pain management. / Yeager MP. //Anesth Clin North Am. 1989. -7. -p.241
- Yoshida M. Cardiovascular responses to the induction of mild hypothermia in the presence of epidural anesthesia. / Yoshida M, Shibata K, Itoh H, Yamamoto K. // Anesthesiology. -2001. Apr. -94(4). -p.678−82.
- Yeager M. Epidural anesthesia and analgesia in high risk surgical patients. / Yeager M, Glass D, Neff R, Brick-Johnsen T. // Anesthesiology.-1988.-V.73.-p.729−736.
- Zaugg M. Accidental pleural puncture by thoracic epidural catheter. / Zaugg M, Stoehr S, Weder W, Zollinger A. // Anaesthesia. 1998. — 53. -p.69−71
- Zoric S. Combined spinal epidural and general anesthesia in abdominal surgery. / Zoric S, Stamenkovic D, Stevanovic S, Malenkovic V, Dikic SD, Randelovic T, Bilanovic D. // Med Arh. 2003. — 57. — (4 Suppl 1). -p.21−8