Экспрессия генов кальций-зависимых протеинкиназ в процессе соматического эмбриогенеза женьшеня Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer
Диссертация
Также впервые получена полная последовательность белок кодирующей части кДНК первого гена СЭРК женьшеня PgCDPKla, изучена его детальная экспрессия. Показано, что существует положительная корреляция между экспрессией PgCDPKla и приростом биомассы клеток P. ginseng. Возможно, PgCDPKla является позитивным, регулятором клеточного роста женьшеня. Информация о полной последовательности генов СВР К… Читать ещё >
Список литературы
- Алехина Н.Д., Балнокин Ю. В., Гавриленко В. Ф., Жигалова Т. В., Мейчик Н. Р., Носов A.M., Полесская О. Г., Харитоношвили Е. В., Чуб В.В. Физиология растений. М.: Издательский центр «Академия», 2005. 640 с.
- Булгаков В.П., Журавлев Ю. Н., Козыренко М. М., Бабкина Э. Н., Уварова Н. И., Маханьков В. В. (1991) Содержание даммарановых гликозидов в различных каллусных линиях Panax ginseng С.А. Меу // Раст. Рес. 27:94−100.
- Бутенко Р.Г. Экспериментальный морфогенез и дифференциация в культуре клеток растений. Тимирязевские чтения XXXV. М.: Издательство «Наука», 1975. 51с.
- Бутенко Р.Г., Грушвицкий И. В., Слепян Л. И. (1968) Органогенез и соматический эмбриогенез в культуре тканей женьшеня и других представителей рода Panax L. // Ботанический журнал. 53:906−911.
- Ванюшин Б.Ф. (2005) Энзиматическое метилирование ДНК -эпигенетический контроль за генетическими функциями клетки // Биохимия. 70:598−611.
- Гетманова Е.С., Журавлев Ю. Н., Музарок Т. И. (1992) Вегетативное размножение дикорастущего женьшеня в культуре in vitro // Тез. докл. 2 Съезда Всесоюз. о-ва физиологов растений. С. 51.
- Грушвицкий И.В. Женьшень. Вопросы биологии. JL, 1961. 344 с.
- Гутникова З.И., Воробьева П. П., Бункина И. А. Женьшень и его возделывание. Владивосток: ДВФ СО АН СССР, 1963. 124 с.
- Журавлев Ю.Н., Гетманова Е. С., Музарок Т. И., Булгаков В. П. Способ микроразмножения женьшеня / Авторское свид. N 1 824 114. А01Н 4/00. Приор, от 26.06.1990 г. Опубл. 30.06.93, Бюлл. № 24.
- Журавлев Ю.Н., Коляда A.C. Araliaceae: женьшень и другие. Владивосток: Дальнаука, 1996. 280 с.
- Ивановская Е.В. Цитоэмбриологическое исследованиедифференцировки клеток растений. М.: изд-во Московского ун-та, 1983. 140 с.
- Левина P.E. Репродуктивная биология семенных растений. М.: Наука, 1981.96 с.
- Малышев A.A. Женьшень. М.: Агропромиздат, 1991. 144 с. Ноглер Г. А. (1990) Гаметофитный апомиксис // Эмбриология растений: использование в генетике, селекции, биотехнологии. Т. 2. / Под ред. к.б.н. И. П. Ермакова. М.: Агропромиздат, С. 39−91.
- Орлова И.Г. Основные пути воспроизводства культурных и дикорастущих растений. Ставрополь: Изд-во СГУ, 2002. 143 с.
- Пирузян Э.С. Основы генетической инженерии растений. М.: Наука, 1988. 303 с.
- Полевой В.В. Физиология растений. М.: Высшая школа. 1989. 464 с. Рейвн П., Эверт Р., Айкхорн С. Современная ботаника. Т. 2. М.: Мир. 1990. 344 с.
- Солнцева М.П. (1991) Что же такое апомиксис у цветковых растений? // Ботанический журнал. 76:801−808.
- Тарчевский H.A. Сигнальные системы клеток растений / Отв. ред А. Н. Гречкин М.: Наука, 2002. 293 с.
- Эсау К. Анатомия семенных растений. М.: Мир, 1980. Т. 2. 218 с. Яковлев Г. П., Челомбитько В. А. Ботаника. М.: Высшая школа, 1990. 359 с.
- Ammirato P.V. (1983) Embryogenesis // Handbook of Plant Cell Culture. 1:82−123
- Anil V.S., Rao K.S. (2000) Calcium-mediated signaling during sandalwood somatic embryogenesis. Role of exogenous calcium as second messenger // Plant Physiol. 123:1301−1311.
- Ariel F.D., Manavella P.A., Dezar C.A., Chan R.L. (2007) The true story of the HD-Zip family // Trends Plant Sci. 12:419−426.
- Asaka I., Li I., Hirotani M., Asada Y., Yoshikawa T., Furuya T. (1994) Mass production of ginseng {Panax ginseng) embryoids on media containing high concentrations of sugar // Planta Med. 60:146−148.
- Baker K.E., Parker R. (2004) Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay:terminating erroneous gene expression// Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 16:293−299.
- Barton M.K., Poethig R.S. (1993) Formation of the shoot apical meristem in Arabidopsis thaliana'. an amalysis in the wild type and shoot meristemless mutant //Development. 119:823−831.
- Benfey P: N., Chua N.H. (1990) The cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter: combinatorial-regulation of transcription in plants // Science. 250:959−966.
- Bicknell R.A., Koltunow A.M. (2004) Understanding apomixis: recent advances and remaining conundrums // Plant Cell. 16:228−245.
- Billker O, Dechamps S., Tewari R., Wenig G., Franks-Fayard B., Brinkmann V. (2004) Calcium and calcium-dependent protein kinase regulate gamete formation and mosquito transmission in a malaria parasite // Cell. 117:503−514.
- Bhat S.R., Srinivasan S. (2002) Molecular and genetic analyses of transgenic plants: considerations and approaches //Plant Sci. 163:673−681.
- Bhojwani S.S., Mullins K., Cohen D. (1987) Micropropagation of Feijoa sellowiana Berg // Acta Horticult. 212:69−76.
- Blumenthal M. (2003) The ABC Clinical Guide to Herbs. American Botanical Council. Thieme, New York, ISBN 1−58 890−157−2
- Bonfill M., Cusido R.M., Palason J., Pinol M.T., Morales C. (2002) Influence of auxins on organogenesis and ginsenoside production in Panax ginseng calluses // Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 68:73−78.
- Botella J.R., Arteca J.M., Somodevilla M., Arteca R.N. (1996) Calcium dependent protein kinase gene expression in response to physical and chemical stimuli in mungbean (Vigna radiata) II Plant Mol. Biol. 30:1129−1137.
- Breuninger H., Rikirsch E., Hermann M., Ueda M., Laux T. (2008) Differential expression of WOX genes mediates apical-basal axis formation in the Arabidopsis embryo //Dev. Cell. 14:867−876.
- Bulgakov V.P., Khodakovskaya M.V., Labetskaya N.V., Tchernoded" G.K., Zhuravlev Y.N. (1998) The impact of plant rolC oncogene' on ginsenoside production by ginseng hairy root cultures // Phytochemistry. 49:1929−1934.
- Bush D.S. (1995) Calcium regulation in plant cells and its role in signaling // Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant. Mol. Biol. 46:95−122.
- Caliskan M, Turet M., Cuming A.C. (2004) Formation of wheat {Triticum aestivum L.) embryogenic callus involves peroxide-generating germin-like oxalate oxidase // Planta. 219:132−140.
- Chang W.C., Hsing Y. (1980) In vitro flowering of embryoids derived from mature root callus of ginseng {Panax ginseng) // Nature. 284:341−342.
- Clark S.E., Jacobsen S. E., Levin J.Z., Meyerowitz E.M. (1996) The CLAVATA and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS loci competitively regulate meristem' activity in Arabidopsis II Development. 122:1567−1575.
- Cheng S.H., Willmann M.R., Chen H.C., Sheen J. (2002) Calcium signaling through protein kinases. The Arabidopsis calcium-dependent protein kinase gene family 11 Plant Physiol. 129:469−485.
- Choi Y.E., Soh W.Y. (1996) The role of excision on somatic embryogenesis from mature ginseng zygotic embryos // Phytomorphology. 46:151−159.
- Choi Y.E., Yang D.C., Choi K.T. (1998) Induction of somatic embryos by macrosalt stress from mature zygotic embryos of Panax ginseng H Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 52:177−181.
- Choi Y.E., Yang D.C., Yoon E.S., Choi K.T. (1999) High-efficiency plant production via direct somatic single embryogenesis from preplasmolysed cotyledons of Panax ginseng and possible dormancy of somatic embryos // Plant Cell Rep. 18:493−499.
- Choi Y.E., Jeong J. H, In J.K., Yang D.C. (2003) Production of herbicide-resistant transgenic Panax ginseng through the induction of-the phosphinothricin acetyl transferase gene and successful soil transfer // Plant Cell Rep. 21:563−568.
- Chong S.K., Oberholzer V.G. (1988) Ginseng is there a use in clinical medicine? // Postgrad Med. J. 64:841−846.
- Clapham D.E. (1995) Calcium-signaling // Cell. 80:259−268
- Deyhle F., Sarkar A.IC., Tucker E.J., Laux T. (2007) WUSCHEL regulates cell differentiation during anther development // Dev. Biol. 302:154−159.
- Dharmasiri N., Dharmasiri S., Weijers D., Lechner E., Yamada M., Hobbie L., Ehrismann J.S., Jiirgens G., Estelle M. (2005) Plant development is regulated by a family of auxin receptor F-box proteins // Dev. Cell 9:109−119.
- Dieguez M.J., M. Belloto, Afsar K., Mittgelsten-Scheid O., Paszkowski J. (1997) Methylation of cytosines in non-conventional methylation acceptor sites can contribute to gene expression // Mol. Gen. Genet. 253:581−588.
- Dudits D., Gyorgyey J, Bogre L., Bako L. (1995) Molecular biology of somatic embryogenesis. In vitro embryogenesis in plants // Curr. Plant Sci. Biotech. Agricult. 20:267−309.
- Edwards R., Dixon D.P., Walbot V. (2000) Plant glutathione S-transferases: enzymes with multiple functions in sickness and in health // Trends Plant Sci. 5:193−198.
- Eshed Y., Baum S.F., Bowman J.L. (4999) Distinct mechanisms promote polarity establishment in carpels of Arabidopsis II Cell. 99:199−209.
- Feher A., Pasternak T.P., Dudits D. (2003) Transition of somatic plant cells to an embryogenic state // Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 74:201−228.
- Frank M., Rupp H.M., Prinsen E., Motyka V., Van Onckelen H., Schmulling T. (2000) Hormone autotrophic growth and differentiation identifies mutant lines of Arabidopsis with altered cytokinin and' auxin content or signaling // Plant Physiol. 122:721−730.
- Fujimura T., Komamine A. (1975) Effects of various growth regulators on the embryogenesis in a carrot suspension culture // Plant Sci. Lett. 5:359−364.
- Fukuda H., Masaki I., Munetaka S., Komami A (1994) Mechanisms of the proliferation and differentiation of plant cells in cell culture systems // Int. J. Dev. Bio. 38:287−299.
- Galland R., Randoux B., Vasseur J., Hilbert J.L. (2001) A glutathione S-transferase cDNA identified by mRNA differential display is upgrated during somatic embryogenesis in Cichorium H Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 1522:212.
- Gapper C., Dolan L. (2006) Control of plant development by reactive oxygen species // Plant Physiol. 141:341−345.
- Gargantini P.R., Gonzalez-Rizzo S., Chinchilla D., Raices M., Giammaria V., Ulloa R.M., Frugier F., Crespi M.D. (2006) A CDPK isoform participates in the regulation of nodule number in Medicago truncatula II Plant J. 48:843−856.
- Gazzarrini S., Tsuchiya Y., Lumba S., Okamoto M., McCourt P. (2004) The transcription factor FUSCA3 controls developmental timing in Arabidopsis through the hormones gibberellin and abscisic acid // Dev. Cell. 7:373.
- Gehring W.J., Muller M., Affolter M., Percival-Smith A., Billeter M., Qian Y.Q., Otting G., Wuthrich K. (1990) The structure of the homeodomain and its functional implications // Trends Genet. 6:323−329.
- Gehring W.J. (1993) Exploring the homeobox // Gene. 135:215−221.
- Gehring W.J., Qian Y.Q., Billeter M., Furukubo-Tokunaga K., Schier A.F., Resendez-Perez D., Affolter M., Otting G., Wuthrich K. (1994) Homeodomain-DNA recognition // Cell. 78:211−223.
- Gehring M., Henikoff S. (2007) DNA methylation dynamics in plant genomes // Biochemistry Biophys. Acta. 1769:276.
- Gelhaye E., Rouhier N., Jacquot J.P. (2004) The thioredoxin h system of higher plants // Plant Physiol. Biochem. 42:265−271.
- Giulietti A., Overbergh L., Valckx D., Decallonne B., Bouillon R., Mathieu C. (2001) An overview of real-time quantitative PCR: applications to quantify cytokine gene expression II Methods. 25:386−401.
- Gross-Hardt R., Lenhard M., Laux T. (2002) WUSCHEL signaling functions in interregional communication during Arabidopsis ovule development // Genes Dev. 16:1129−1138.
- Guilfoyle, T.J. (1999) Auxin-regulated genes and promoters. In Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Hormones, P.J.J. Hooykaas, M. Hall, and K.L. Libbenga, eds (Leiden, the Netherlands: Elsevier), pp. 423−459.
- Haecker A., Gross-Hardt R., Geiges B., Sarkar A., Breuninger H., Herrmann M., Laux T (2004) Expression dynamics of WOX genes mark cell fate decisions during early embryonic patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana // Development 131:657−668.
- Harada J.J. (2001) Role of Arabidopsis LEAFY COTYLEDON genes in seed development // J. Plant Physiol. 158:405−409.
- Harper J.F., Breton G., Harmon A. (2004). Decoding Ca2+ signals through plant protein kinases //Ann. Rev. Plant Biol. 55:263−288.
- Harper J.F., Harmon A. (2005). Plants, symbiosis and parasites: A calcium signalling connection // Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 6:555−566.
- Hasegawa H. (2004) Proof of the mysterious efficacy of ginseng: basic and clinical trials: metabolic activation of ginsenoside: deglycosylation by intestinal bacteria and esterification with fatty acid // J. Pharmacol.Sci. 95:153−157.
- Hetherington A.M., Brownlee C. (2004) The generation of Ca(2+) signals in plants // Ann. Rev. Plant Biol. 55:401−427.
- Hoffman D. (2003) Medical Herbalism: The Science and Practice of Herbal Medicine // Healing Arts Press. 570.
- Kakutani T., Jeddeloh J.A., Flowers S.K., Munakata K., Richards E.J. (1996) Developmental abnormalities and epimutations associated with DNA hypomethylation mutations // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93:12 406−12 411.
- Karami O., Deljou A., Karimi Kordestani G. (2008) Secondary somatic embryogenesis of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) // Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 92:273−280.
- Karami O., Aghavaisi B., Pour A.M. (2009) Molecular aspects of somatic-to-embryogenic transition in plants // J. Chem. Biol. 2:177−190.
- Kevers C., Gaspar T., Dommes J. (2002) The beneficial role of different auxin and polyamines at successive stages of somatic embryo formation and development of Panax ginseng in vitro II Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 70:181−188.
- Kim H.J., Ryu H., Hong S.H., Woo H.R., Lim P.O., Lee I.C., Sheen J., Nam H.G., Hwang I. (2006) Cytokinin-mediated control of leaf longevity by AHK3 through phosphorylation of ARR2 in Arabidopsis // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 103:814−819.
- Kiselev K.V., Kusaykin M.I., Dubrovina A.S., Bezverbny D.A., Zvyagintseva T.N., Bulgakov V.P. (2006) The rolC gene induces expression of a pathogenesis-related beta-l, 3-glucanase in transformed ginseng cells // Phytochemistry. 67:2225−2231.
- Kiselev K.V., Turlenko A.V., Zhuravlev Y.N. (2009) PgWUS expression during somatic embryo development in a Panax ginseng 2c3 cell culture expressing the rolC oncogene // Plant Growth Regul. 59:237−243.
- Kiselev K.V., Turlenko A.V., Zhuravlev Y.N. (2009) CDPK gene expression in somatic embryos of Panax ginseng expressing rolC II Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 99:141−149.
- Kiselev K.V., Turlenko A.V., Zhuravlev Y.N. (2010) Structure and expression profiling of a novel calcium-dependent protein kinase gene PgCDPKla in roots, leaves, and cell cultures of Panax ginseng II Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 103:197−204.
- Klug M., Rehli M. (2006) Functional analysis of promoter CpG-methylation using a CpG-free luciferase reporter vector // Epigenetics. 1:127−130.
- Mahonen A.P., Higuchi M., Tormakangas K., Miyawaki K., Pischke M.S., Sussman M.R., Helariutta Y., Kakimoto T. (2006) Cytokinins regulate a bidirectional phosphorelay network in Arabidopsis // Curr. Biol. 16:1116.
- Malik M.R., Wang F., Dirpaul J.M., Zhou N., Polowick P.L., Ferrie A.M.R., Krochko J.E. (2007) Transcript profiling and identification of molecular markers for early microspor embryogenesis in Brassica napusn II Plant Physiol. 144:134 154.
- Mayer K.F.X., Schoof H., Haecker A., Lenhard M., Jurgens G., Laux T. (1998). Role of WUSCHEL in regulating stem’cell fate in the Arabidopsis shoot meristem.// Cell. 95:805−815.
- Mathur A., Mathur A.K. (2001) Gangwar A. In vitro plantlet regeneration in Panax sikkimensis I I Planta Med. 65:181 -183.
- Michniewicz M., Brewer P.B., Friml J. (2007) Polar auxin transport and asymmetric auxin distribution // The Arabidopsis Book / Rockville, MD: American Society of Plant Biologists.
- Monshausen G.B., Bibikova T.N., Messerli M.A., Shi C., Gilroy S. (2007) Oscillations in extracellular pH and reactive oxygen species modulate tip growth of Arabidopsis root hairs // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 104:20 996−21 001.
- Monteiro M., Kevers C., Dommes J., Gaspar T.H. (2002) A specific role for spermidine in the initiation phase of somatic embryogenesis in Panax ginseng CA Meyer II Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 68:225−232.
- Morrish F., Vasil I. (1989) DNA methylation and embryogenic competence in leaves and callus of Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) // Plant Physiol. 90:37−40.
- Nagata T., Ishida S., Hasezawa S., Takahashi Y. (1994) Genes involved in the dedifferentiation of plant cells // Int. J*. Dev. Biology. 38:321−327.
- Nagy E., Maquat L.E. (1998) A rule for termination-codon position within intron-containing genes: when nonsense affects RNA abundance // Trends Biochem. Sci. 23:198−9.
- Nakano T., Suzuki K., Fujimura T., Shinshi H. (2006) Genome-wide analysis of the ERF gene family in Arabidopsis and rice. // Plant Physiol. 140:411
- Namasivayam P. (2007) Acquisition of embryogenic competence during somatic embryogenesis // Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 90:1−8.
- Nardmann J., Reisewitz P., Werr W. (2009). Discrete shoot and root stem cell-promoting WUS/WOX5 functions are and evolutionary innovation of angiosperms //Mol. Biol. Evol. 26:1745−1755.
- Nolan K.E., Irwanto R.R., Rose R.J. (2003) Auxin up-regulates MtSERKl expression in both Medicago truncatula root-forming and embryogenic cultures // Plant Physiol. 133:218−230.
- Odnevall A., Bjork L. (1989) Differentiated tissue cultures of Panax ginseng and their response to various carbon sources // Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen. 185:403−413.
- Ogas J., Cheng J.C., Sung Z.R., Somerville C. (1997) Cellular differentiation regulated by gibberellin in the Arabidopsis thaliana pickle mutant // Science. 277:91−94.
- Ogas J., Kaufmann S., Henderson J., Somerville C. (1999) PICKLE is a CHD3 chromatin-remodeling factor that regulates the transition from embryonic tovegetative development in Arabidopsis // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 96:1 383 913 844.
- OhmiyaX A., Tanaka Y., Kadowaki K., Hay ash i T. (1998) Cloning of genes encoding of auxin-binding proteins (ABP19/20) from, peach: significant peptide sequence similarity with germin-like proteins // Plant Cell Physiol. 39:492−499-
- Overvoorde P.G., Grimes H.D. (1994) The role of calcium and calmodulin in carrot somatic embryogenesis // Plant Cell Physiol. 35:135−144.
- Palovaara J., Hakman I. (2008) Conifer WOX-related homeodomain transcription factors, developmental consideration and expression dynamic of WOX2 during Picea abies somatic embryogenesis // Plant Mol. Biol. 66:533−549-
- Pareek A.,. Kothari S.L. (2003) Direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from leaf cultures of ornamental species of Dianthus // Sci. Horticult. 98:449−459.
- Park SH, Choi J, Kang JI, Choi SY, Hwang SB, Kim JP, Ahn BY. (2006) Attenuated expression of interferon-induced protein kinase PKR in a simian cell devoid of type I interferons.//Mol. Cells. 21:21−28.
- Park S., 1 iarada J.J. (2008) Arabidopsis embryogenesis // Methods Mol. Biol. 427:3−16.
- Peret B., De Rybel B., Casimiro I., Benkova E., Swarup R., Laplaze L., Beeckman T., Bennett M.J. (2009) Arabidopsis lateral root development: an emerging story // Trends Plant Sci. 14:399−408-
- Pestenacz A., Erdei L. (1996) Calcium-dependent protein kinase in maize and sorghum induced by polyethylene glycol // Physiol. Plant. 97:360−364.
- Poovaiah B.W., Reddy A.S.N. (1987) Calcium messenger systems in plants // CRC Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 6:47−103.
- Rai R. (2007) Genetics and plant breeding. Introduction to Plant Biotechnology // National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology.
- Richardt S., Lang D., Reski R., Frank W. and Rensing S. A. (2007) PlanTAPDB, a phylogeny-based resource of plant transcription-associated proteins //Plant Physiol. 143:1452−1466.
- Rider S.D., Hemm M.R., Hostetler H.A., Li H.C., Chappie C., Ogas J. (2004) Metabolic profiling of the Arabidopsis pkl mutant reveals selective derepression of embryonic traits // Planta. 219:489−499.
- Rose R.J., Nolan K.E., Bicego L. (1999) The development of the highly regenerable seed line Jemalong 2HA for transformation of Medicago truncatula implications for regenerability via somatic embryogenesis // J. Plant Physiol. 155:788−791.
- Rout G.R., Samantaray S., Das P. (2000) In vitro somatic embryogenesis from callus cultures of Cephaelis ipecacuanha A. Richard // Sci. Hortic. 86:71−79.
- Rudd J.J., Franklin-Tong V.E. (2001) Unravelling response-specificity in Ca2+ signalling pathways in plant cells // New Phytol. 151:7−33.
- Ryschka S., Ryschka U., Schulze J. (1991) Anatomical studies on the development of somatic embryoids in wheat and barley explants // Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen. 187:31−41.
- Sarkar A.K., Luijten M., Miyashima S., Lenhard M., Hashimoto T., Nakajima K., Scheres B., Heidstra R., Laux T. (2007) Conserved factors regulate signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana shoot and root stem cell organizers // Nature. 446:811−814.
- Sanders D., Brownlee C., Harper J.F. (1999) Communication with calcium // Plant Cell. 11:691−706.
- Sanders D., Pelloux J., Brownlee C., Harper J.F. (2002) Calcium at the crossroads of signaling // Plant Cell. Suppl.:401−417.
- Santos M.D., Romano E., Yotoko K.S.C., Tinoco M.L.P., Dias B.B.A., Aragao F.J.L. (2005) Characterisation of the cacao somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase (SERK) gene expressed during somatic embryogenesis // Plant Sei. 168:723−729.
- Schmidt E.D.L., Guzzo F., Toonen M.A. J., de Vries S.C. (1997) A leucine-rich repeat containing receptor-like kinase marks somatic plant cells competent to form embryos // Development. 124:2049−2062.
- Schiott M., Romanowsky S. M., Baskgaard L., Keyed Jakobsen M., Palmgren M. G., Harper J. F. (2004) A plasma membrane Ca" pump is required for normal pollen tube growth and fertilization // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA. 101:9502−9507.
- Schoof H., Lenhard M., Mayer K.F.X., Jurgens G., Laux T. (2000) The stem cell population of Arabidopsis shoot meristems is maintained by a regulatory loop between the CLAVATA and WUSCHEL genes // Cell. 100:635−644.
- Seely D., Dugoua J.J., Perri D., Mills E., Koren G. (2008) Safety and efficacy of Panax ginseng during pregnancy and lactation. Can. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 15:8794.
- Shamrov I.I. (1998) Ovule classification in flowering plants new approaches and concepts // Bot. Jb. 120:377−407.
- Shimizu R., Ji J., Kelsey E., Ohtsu K., Schnable P. S., Scanion M.J. (2009) Tissue specificity and evolution of meristematic WOX3 function // Plant Physiol. 149:841−850.
- Shoyama Y., Zhu X.X., Nakai R., Shiraishi S., Kohda H. (1997) Micropropagation of Panax notoginseng by somatic embryogenesis and RAPD analysis of regenerated plantlets // Plant Cell Rep. 16:450−453.
- Shu W., Yoshimatsu K., Yamaguchi H., Shimomura K. (1999) Somatic embryogenesis and ginsenoside production of Panax ginseng in phytohormon-free medium// Kokuritsu Iyakuhin Shokuhin Eisei Kenkyusho Hokoku. 117:140−147.
- Skinner D.J., Hill T.A., Gasser C.S. (2004) Regulation of Ovule Development // Plant Cell. 16:32−45.
- Slater A., Scott N.W., Fowler M.R. (2003) Plant Biotechnology: The Genetic Manipulation of Plants Oxford University Press. 346p.
- Spena A., Schmulling T., Koncz C., Schell J.S. (1987) Independent and synergistic activity of rolA, B and C loci in stimulating abnormal growth in plants //EMBO J. 6:3891−3899.
- Stone S.L., Kwong L.W., Yee K.M., Pelletier J., Lepiniec L., Fischer R.L., Goldberg R.B., Harada J.J. (2001) LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 encodes a B3 domain transcription factor that induces embryo development // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 98:11 806−11 811.
- Taylor M.G., Vasil I.K. (1996) The ultrastructure of somatic embryo development in pearl millet (Pennisetum-glaucum- Poaceae) // Am. J. Bot. 83:2844.
- Takeshima H.5 Yamashita S., Shimazu T., Niwa T., Ushijima T. (2009) The presence of RNA polymerase II, active or stalled, predicts epigenetic fate of promoter CpG islands // Genome Res. 19:1974−1982.
- Tamura T., Cui X., Sakaguchi N. and Akashi M. (2008) Ginsenoside Rd prevents and rescues rat intestinal epithelial cells from irradiation-induced apoptosis // Food Chem. Toxicol. 46:3080−3089.
- Tang W. (2000) High-frequency plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis and in vitro flowering of regenerated plantlets in Panax ginseng I I Plant Cell Rep. 19:727−732.
- Teng W.L., Nicholson L. (1997) Pulse treatments of penicillin-G and streptomycin minimise internal infections and have post-treatment effects on the morphogenesis of ginseng root culture // Plant Cell Rep. 16:531−535.
- Thakare K.G., Chore C.N., Deotale R.D., Kambale P. S., Lende S.R. (2006) Influence of nutrients and hormones on biochemical and yield and yield contributing parameters of soybean // J. Soils Crops. 16:210−216.
- Thomas C., Meyer D., Himber C., Steinmetz A. (2004) Spatial expression of a sunflower SERK gene during induction of somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis // Plant Physiol. Biochem. 42:35−42
- Tirajoh A., Kyung T.S., Punja Z.K. (1998) Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration in American ginseng {Panax quinquefolium L.) // In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. Plant. 34:203−211
- Trewavas A.J. (1997) Plant cyclic AMP comes in from the cold // Nature. 390:657−658.
- Vasil V., Vasil I. (1981) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from tissue cultures of Pennisetum americanum, and P. americanum x P. purpureum hybrid // Am. J. Bot. 68:864−872.
- Vergne P., Dumas C. (2000) Genes normally expressed in the endosperm at early stages of microspore embryogenesis in maize. // Plant Mol. Biol. 44:559−574.
- Vongs A., Kakutani T., Martienssen R.A., Richards E.J. (1993) Arabidopsis thaliana DNA methylation-mutants // Science. 260:1926−1928.
- Wei Y.H., Fu G.L., Hu H.R., Lin G., Yang J.C., Guo J.H., Zhu Q.Q., Yu L. (2007) Isolation and characterization of mouse testis specific ser/thr kinase 5 possessing four alternatively spliced variants // J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 40:749−756.
- Weiss R. Herbal Medicine. Gothenburg, Sweden: Beaconsfield Publishers LTD- 1988:176−177.
- West M.A., Harada J.J. (1993) Embryogenesis in higher plants: an overview //Plant Cell. 5:1361−1369.
- White P.J., Broadley M.R. (2003) Calcium in plants // Ann. Bot-London. 92:487−511.
- Willemsen V., Scheres B. (2004) Mechanisms of pattern formation in plant embryogenesis. // Ann. Rev. Genetic. 38:587.
- Wilson J.W., Wilson P.M.W. (1991) Effects of auxin concentration on the dimensions and patterns of tracheary elements differentiating in pith explants. // Ann. Bot. 68:463−467.
- World Health Organization (1999) Radix Ginseng. WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants 1:168−182.
- Wu X., Li F., Zhang C., Liu C., Zhang X. (2009) Differential gene expression of cotton cultivar CCRI24 during somatic embryogenesis // J. Plant Physiol. 166:1275−83.
- Xiao W., Custard K.D., Brown R.C., Lemmon B.E., Harada J.J., Goldberg R. B, Fischer R.L. (2006) Regulation of seed size by hypomethylation of maternal and paternal genomes // Plant Physiol. 142:1160−1168.
- Xiong L.Z., Yang Y.N. (2003) Disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance in rice are inversely modulated by an abscisic acid-inducible mitogen-activated protein kinase // Plant Cell. 15:745−759.
- Xu Y.Y., Wang X.M., Li J., Li J.H., Wu J.S., Walker J.C., Xu Z.H., Chong K. (2005) Activation of the WUS gene induces ectopic initiation of floral meristems on mature stem surface in Arabidopsis thaliana // Plant Mol. Biol. 57:773−784.
- Yamamoto N., Kobayashi H., TogashiT., Mori Y., Kikuchi K., Kuriyama K., Tokuji Y. (2005) Formation of embryogenic cell clumps from carrot epidermal cells is suppressed by 5-azacytidine, a DNA methylation inhibitor // J. Plant Physiol. 162:47−54.
- Yun T.K. (1999) Update from Asia Asian studies on cancer chemoprevention // Cancer Prev. Novel Nutr. Pharmac. Developments Book Series Ann. New York Academy Sci. 889:157−192.
- Yun T.K. (2001) Brief introduction of Panax ginseng CA Meyer // J. Korean Med. Sci. 16:3−5.
- Zimmerman J.L. (1993) Somatic embryogenesis: a model for early development in higher plants // Plant Cell. 5:1411−1423.
- Zhu C., Perry S.E. (2005) Control of expression and autoregulation of AGL15, a member of the MADS-box family // Plant J. 41:583−594.
- Zeng F., Zhang X., Zhu L., Tu L., Guo X., Nie Y. (2006) Regulation of plant morphogenesis in vitro: role of ethylene and polyamines // Plant Mol. Biol. 60:167.
- Zuo J., Niu Q.W., Frugis G., Chua N.H. (2002) The WUSCHEL gene promotes vegetative-to-embryonic transition in Arabidopsis II Plant J. 30:349−359.