Клинико-лабораторные и генетические факторы развития и прогрессирования диабетической нефропатии у больных сахарным диабетом I типа
Диссертация
В настоящее время основным подходом в изучении генетической предрасположенности к диабетическим ангиопатиям является использование полиморфных маркеров, сцепленных с различными генами-кандидатами (гены, продукты экспрессии которых могут прямо или косвенно участвовать в развитии патологии) (18,32). Из-за клинической гетерогенности и этиологической многофакторности ангиопатий наиболее перспективным… Читать ещё >
Список литературы
- Балаболкин М.И. Диабетология. // М: Медицина, 2000.
- Балаболкин М.И., Клебанова Е. М., Креминская В. М. Патогенез ангиопатий при сахарном диабете. // Сахарный диабет, 1999- N 1, с. 2−8.
- Балаболкин М.И., Носиков В. В., Мамаева Г. Г. и соавт. Полиморфизм гена АСЕ и его взаимосвязь с эффективностью медикаментозной терапии ингибиторами АПФ у больных сахарным диабетом типа 2 и артериальной гипертензией. // Сахарный диабет, 2002- N 2, с. 6−8.
- Беленков Ю.Н., Мареев В. Ю., Агеев Ф. Т. Ингибиторы ангиотензинпревраща-ющего фермента в лечении сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (Квиналаприл и эндотелиальная дисфункция). // М., 2001.
- Воронько О. Е. Чистяков Д.А., Шестакова М. В. и соавт. Полиморфизм гена эндотелиальной NO-синтазы и генетическая предрасположенность к нефропатии при инсулинзависимом сахарном диабете. // Сахарный диабет, 1999- N2, с. 2−3.
- Гомазков О.А. Пептиды в кардиологии. Биохимия. Физиология. Патология. Информация. Анализ. // М: Материк Альфа, 2000.
- Горашко Н.М., Шестакова М. В., Чистяков Д. А. и соавт. Ассоциация полиморфных маркеров генов-кандидатов с диабетической нефропатией у больных сахарным диабетом 1 типа. // Сахарный диабет, 2002- N 1, с. 38−42.
- Дедов И.И. Сахарный диабет в Российской Федерации: проблемы и пути решения.// Сахарный диабет, 1998- N 1, с. 7−18.
- Дедов И.И., Кураева Т. Л., Петеркова В. А., Щербачева J1.H. Сахарный диабет у детей и подростков. // М: Универсум Паблишинг, 2002 (глава 12).
- Дедов И.И., Фадеев В. В. Введение в диабетологию (Руководство для врачей). // М: Берег, 1998.
- Дедов И.И., Шестакова М. В. Диабетическая нефропатия. П М: Универсум Паблишинг, 2000.(125)
- Дедов И.И., Шестакова М. В. Сахарный диабет (Руководство для врачей). // М: Универсум паблишинг, 2003.
- Дедов И.И., Шестакова М. В., Максимова М. А. Национальные стандарты оказания помощи больным сахарным диабетом (Методические рекомендации). // М., 2002.
- Дедов И. И. Шестакова М.В., Миленькая Т. М. Сахарный диабет: ретинопатия, нефропатия. // М: Медицина, 2001.
- Затейщиков Д.А., Минушкина J1.0., Кудряшова О. Ю. и соавт. Полиморфизм генов NO-синтетазы и рецептора ангиотензина II 1-ого типа и эндотелиальный гомеостаз у больных ишемическ т болезнью сердца. // Кардиология, 2000- N 11, с. 28−32.(179)
- Кондратьев Я.Ю., Носиков В. В., Дедов И. И. Полиморфные генетические маркеры и сосудистые осложнения сахарного диабета. // Пробл. Эндокринологии, 1998- N 1, с. 43−51.
- Кондратьев Я.Ю., Шестакова М. В., Чугунова Л. А. и соавт. Стратегия поиска маркеров генетической предрасположенности к сосудистым осложнениям сахарного диабета на примере диабетической нефропатии. // Сахарный диабет, 1998- N 1, с. 22−25.
- Петеркова В.А. Диагностика, лечение и профилактика диабетических осложнений у детей и подростков. // М., 1997.
- Ритц Э., Набоков А. В. Гипертония при заболеваниях почек: до какого уровня снижать артериальное давление? // Нефрология, 1997- N 4, с. 7−11.(124)
- Савостьянов К.В., Чистяков Д. А., Шестакова М. В. и соавт. Идентификация локуса, ассоциированного с диабетической нефропатией при сахарном диабете типа 1. // Сахарный диабет, 2002- N 3, с. 2−4.
- Тощевикова А.К. Генетические маркеры и инсулиноподобный фактор роста 1 при сосудистых осложнениях сахарного диабета у детей. // Дисс. канд. мед. наук. М., 2000.
- Шестакова М.В. Диабетическая нефропатия: итоги XX века перспективы XXI века. // Сахарный диабет, 2000- N 1, с. 15−18.
- Шестакова М.В. Диабетическая нефропатия: механизмы развития и прогрессирования, лечение и профилактика. Диссертация на соискание ученой степени доктора медицинских наук. // М., 1995.
- Шестакова М.В., Дедов И. И., Неверов Н. И. Гиперлипидемия как фактор прогрессирования диабетической нефропатии. // Пробл. Эндокринологии, 1993- N5, с. 7−11.(165)
- Шестакова М.В., Кутырина И. М., Рагозин А. К. Роль сосудистого эндотелия в регуляции почечной гемодинамики. // Тер. архив, 1994- N 2, с. 83−86.
- Шестакова М.В., Неверов Н. И., Дедов И. И. Роль внутриклубочковой гипертензии и липидов в развитии диабетической нефропатии. // Тер. архив, 1993- N6, с. 61−64.
- Шестакова М.В., Северина «I.C., Дедов И. И. Эндотелиальный фактор релаксации в развитии диабетической нефропатии. // Вестн. Акад. Мед. Наук, 1995- N5, с. 30−34.
- Шестакова М.В., Чугунова JI.A., Шамхалова М. Ш., Дирочка Ю. А., Дедов И. И. Диабетическая нефропатия: факторы риска быстрого прогрессирования почечной недостаточности. // Тер. архив, 1999- N 6, с. 38−41.(123)
- Шестакова М.В., Чугунова JI.A., Шамхалова М. Ш., Носиков В. В. Генетические факторы в развитии диабетической нефропатии (Пособие для врачей). // Москва, 2002.
- Abbound H. Growth factors and diabetic nephropathy: an overview. // Kidney Int., -1997- -Vol.52, -Suppl.60, -pp.S3-S6.
- Abbut Z.A., Wilson A.C., Cosgrove N.M. et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in systemic hypertension. // Am J Cardiol, -1998- -Vol.81, -pp.244 246.
- Adler A.I., Stratton I.M., Neil N.A. et al. Association of blood pressure with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36): prospective observational study. // BMJ, -2000- -Vol.321, -pp.412−419.
- Anderson A. Role of local and systemic angiotensin in diabetic renal disease. // Kidney Int., -1997- -Suppl.63, -pp.S107-Sl 10.
- Appel G. Lipid abnormalities in renal disease. // Kidney Int., -1991- -Vol.39, -pp. 169 183.
- Apperloo A.J., De Zeeuw D., De Jong P.E. A short-term antihypertensive treatment-induced fall in glomerular filtration rate predicts long-term stability of renal function. // Kidney Int., -1997- -Vol.51, -pp.793−797.
- Apperloo A.J., De Zeeuw D., De Jong P.E. Short-term antiproteinuric respons to antihypertensive treatment predicts long-term GFR decline in patients with non-diabetic renal disease. //Kidney Int., -1994- -Vol.45, -Suppl.45, -pp.S174-S178.
- Attman P.O., Samualsson O., Alaupovic P. Progression of renal failure: role of apolipoprotein B-conteining lipoproteins. // Kidney Int., -1997- -Suppl.63, -pp.S98-S101.
- Baboolal K., Ravine D., Danials J. et al. Association of angiotensin-I converting enzyme gene deletion polymorphism with early onset of ESRF in PCD1 adult polycystic kidney disease. // Kidney Int, -1997- -Vol.52, -pp.607−613.
- Bank N., Ainedjian H. Role of EDFR (nitric oxide) in diabetic renal hyperfiltration. // Kiney Int, -1993- -Vol.43, -pp.1306−1312.
- Barnes D.J., Cooper M., Gans D.J. et al. (Microalbuminuria Captopril Study Group). Captopril reduces the risk of nephropathy in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. // Diabetologia, -1996- -Vol.39, -pp.587−593.
- Barzilay J., Warram J.H., Bak M. et al. Predisposition to hypertension: risk factor for nephropathy and hypertension in Type I. // Kidney Int, -1992- -Vol.41, -pp.723−730.
- Bennet P.H., Lee E.T. et al and the WHO Multinational Study Group. Increased urinary albumin excretion and its associations in the WHO multinational study of vascular disease in diabetes. // Diabetologia, -2001- -Vol.44, -Suppl.2, -pp.S37-S45.
- Bennett C.L., SchraderA.P., Moris B.J. Cross-sectional analysis of Met235-Thr variant of angiotensinogen gene in severe familial hypertension. // Biochem Biophys Res Commun, -1993- -Vol.197, -pp.833−839.
- Bergijc E.C., vanAldervegen I.E., Baelde H.J. et al. Differential expression of collagen IV isoforms in experimental glomerulosclerosis. // Journal of Pathology, -1998- -Vol.184, -Iss.3, -pp.307−315.
- Bjorck S, Blohme G, Sylven C, Mulec H. Deletion insertion polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene and progression of diabetic nephropathy. // Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, -1997- -Vol.12, -pp.67−70.
- Bloem L.J., Manatunga A.K., Tewksburi D.A. et al. The serum angiotensinogen concentration and variants of angiotensinogen gene in white and black children. // J Clin Invest, -1995- -Vol.95, -pp.948−953.
- Bohle A., Biwer E., Christensen J. A. Hyperperfiision injury of the human kidney in different glomerular diseases. // Am. J Nephrol, -1988- -Vol.8, -pp.179−186.
- Bonnardeaux A., Davies E., Jeunemaitre X. et al. Angiotesin II type I reseptor gene polymorphisms in human essential hypertension. // Hypertension, -1994- -Vol.24, -pp.63−69.
- Border W.A., Noble N.A. Interactions of transforming growth factor-beta and angiotensin II in renal fibrosis. // Hypertension, -1998- -Vol.31, Iss. l (part 2), -pp.181−188.
- Breyer J.A., Bain R.P., Evans J.K. et al. and the Collaborative Study Group. Predictors of the progression of renal insufficiency in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and overt diabetic nephropathy. // Kidney Int., -1996- -Vol.50, -pp. 16 511 658.
- Brito P.L., Drummond K., Kim Y.K. et al. Proximal tubular basement membrane width in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. // Kidney Int., -1998- -Vol.53, -Iss.3, -pp.754−761.
- Broekroelofs J., Stegeman C.A., Navis G. et al. Risk factors for long-term renal survival after renal transplantation: A role for angiotensin-converting enzyme (insertion/deletion) polymorphism? // J Am Soc Nephrol, -1998- -Vol.9, -pp.20 752 081.
- Brownlee M., Cerami A., Vlassara H. Advanced glycosilation end products in tissue and the biochemical basis of diabetes complications. // N Engl J Med, -1988- -Vol.318, -pp.1315−1321.
- Bursel S.E., Clermont A.C., Aiello L.P. et al. High-dose vitamin E supplementation normalizes retinal blood flow and creatinine clearance in patients with type 1 diabetes. // Diabetes Care, -1999- -Vol.22, -pp. 1245−1251.
- Castelli WP. Epidemiology of coronary heart disease: the Framihgham Study. // Am J Med, -1984- -Vol.76, -Suppl.2A, -pp.4−12.
- Caulfield M., Lavender P., Farrrall M. et al. Linkage of the angiotensinogen gene to essential hypertension. //N.Engl. J. Med, -1994- -Vol.330, -pp. 1629−1633.
- Christensen CK. The pre-proteinuric phase of diabetic nephropathy. // Dan Med Bull, -1991--Vol.38, -pp.145−159.
- Cohen RA. Endothelial dysfunction in diabetic vascular disease. // Medicographia, -1997, -Vol.19, -pp.157−161.
- Cohen RA. Role of nitric oxide in vasomotor regulation. // In: Loscalzo J., Vitra J.A., editors. Nitric oxide and cardiovascular system. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, -2000- -pp.105−122.
- Cohen RA. The role of nitric oxide and other endothelium derived vasoactive substances in vascular disease. // Cardiovasc Dis, -1995- -Vol.38, -pp.W5−28.
- Colhoun H.M., Lee E.T., Bennet P.H. et al. and the WHO Multinational Study Group. Risk factors for renal failure: The WHO multinational study of vascular disease in diabetes. // Diabetologia, -2001- -Vol.44, -Suppl.2, -pp.S46-S53.
- Coonrod B.A., Ellis D., Becker D.J. et al. Predictors of microalbuminuria in individuals with Type I. // Diabetes Care, -1993- -Vol.16, -pp. 1376−1383.
- Diamond J. Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis: analogies to atherosclerosis. // Kidney Int, -1988- -Vol.33, -pp.917−924.
- Doria A., Warram J.H., Krolewski A.S. Genetic predisposition to diabetic nephropathy: Evidence for a role of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene. // Diabetes, -1994- -Vol.43, -pp.690−695.
- Doria A., Onuma Т., Gearin G., Freire M.B.S., Warram J., Krolewski A. Angiotensinogen polymorphism M235T, hypertension and nephropathy in insulin dependent diabetes. // Hypertension, -1996- -Vol.27, -pp.1134−1139.
- Doria A., Onuma Т., Warram J., Krolewski A. Synergistic effect of angiotesin II type I reseptor genotype and poor glycemic control on risk of diabetic nephropathy in IDDM. // Diabetologia, -1997- -Vol.40, -pp. 1293−1299.
- Egan B.M., Lu G., Greene E.L. Vascular effects of non-esterified fatty acids: implications for the cardiovascular risk factor cluster. // Prostaglandins Leucot Essent Fatty Acids, -1999- -Vol.60, -pp.411−420.
- Egido J. Vasoactive hormones and renal sclerosis. (Perspectives in Clinical Nephrology). // Kydney Int., -1996- -Vol.49, -pp.578−597.
- Elliott T.G., Cockroft J.R., Groop P.H. et al. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in forearm vasculature of insulin-dependent diabetic patients: blunted vasoconstriction in patiants with microalbuminuria. // Clin Sci, -1993- -Vol.85, -pp.687−693.
- Erdos E.G. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme and the changes in our concepts through the years. // Hypertension, -1990- -Vol.16, -pp.363−370.
- Fagerudd J., Tarnow L., Jacobsen et al. Predisposition to essential hypertension and development of diabetic nephropathy in IDDM patients. // Diabetes, -1998- -Vol.47, -pp.439−444.
- Fagerudd J.A., Tarnow L., Nielsen F.S., Parving H.H. et al. Predisposition to essential hypertension and development of diabetic nephropathy in IDDM patients. // Diabetes, -1998- Vol.47, -Iss.3, -pp.439−444.
- Fogarty D.G., Harron J.C., Hughes A.E. et al. A molecular variant of angiotensinogen is assotiated with diabetic nephropathy in IDDM. // Diabetes, -1996- -Vol.45, -pp. 1204−1208.
- Fornage M., Turner S.T., Sing C.F., Boerwinkle E. Variation at the M235T locus of angiotensinogen gene and essential hypertension: a population-based case control study from Rochester, Minnesota. // Hum Genet, -1995- -Vol.96, -pp.295−300.
- Forsblom C.M., Groop P.H., Ekstrand A. et al. Predictors of progression from normoalbuminuria to microalbuminuria in NIDDM. // Diabetes Care, -1998- -Vol.21, -pp.1932−1938.
- Fried L.F., Orchard T.J., Kasiske B.L. Effect of lipid reduction on the progression of renal disease: a meta-analysis. // Kidney Int, -2001- -Vol.59, -pp.260−269.
- Fujisawa Т., Hamada Y. et al. Meta-analysis of association of insertion/deletion polymorphism of angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene with diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. // Diabetologia, -1998- -Vol.41, -pp.47−53.
- Furchgott RF, Zavadski JV. The obligatory role of the endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. // Nature, -1980- -Vol.288, -pp.373−376.
- Gall M-A., Nielsen P. S., Smidt U.M., Parving H.H. The course of kidney function on type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. // Diabetologia, -1993- -Vol.36, -pp.1071−1078.
- Ghiadoni L., Virdis A., Magagna A. et al. Effect of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker candesartan on endothelial function in patients with essential hypertension. // Hypertension, -2000- -Vol.35, -Iss.l, -Part 2, -pp.501−506.
- Gimbron M.A., Resnick J.N. Topper J.N. Vascular endothelium, haemodynamics, and atherogenesis. // In: Vascular Endothelium, Physiology, Pathology and therapeutic opportunities. Ed. by G.V.R.Born, C.J. Schwartz. Shattauer, Stuttgart. -1997- -pp.287−297.
- Hattori M., Yamaguchi Y., Kawaguchi H., Ito K. Characteristic glomerular lesions in the ExHC rat: a unique model for lipid-induced glomerular injury. // Nephron, -1993- -Vol.63,-pp.314−322.
- Hegele R.A., Harris S.B., Hanley A.J., Zinman B. Assotiation between AGT T235 variant and microalbuminuria in Canadian Oji-Cree with type 2 diabetes mellitus. // Clin. Biochem., -1999- -Vol.32, -pp.201−205.
- Horiuchi M., Akishita M., Dzau V.J. Resent progress in angiotensin II type 1 receptor research in the cardiovascular system. // Hypertension, -1999- -Vol.33, -Suppl.2,-pp.613−621.
- Hsuen W.A. Effect of the renin-angiotensin system in the vascular disease of type II diabetes mellitus. // Am J Med, -1992- -Vol.92, -Suppl.4B, -pp.l3S-19S.
- Ichihara S., Yamada Y., Fujimura Т., Yokota M. Association of the endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase gene with myocardial infarction in Japanese population. // Am Coll Cardiol, -1998- Abstract: -pp.902−903.
- Inoue I., Nakajima Т., Williams C.S. et al. A nucleotide substitution in the promoter of human angiotensinogen gene is associated with essential hypertension and affects basal transcription in vitro. // J Clin Invest, -1997- -Vol.66, -pp. 1786−1797.
- Jacobsen P., Rossing K., Rossing P., Tarnow L., Mallet C., Cambien F., Parving H.H. Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism and ACE inhibition in diabetic nephropathy. // Kidney Int., -1998- -Vol.53, -pp. 1002−1006.
- Jaffa A.A., Rust P.F., Mayfield R.K. Kinin, a mediator of diabetes induced glomerular hyperfiltration. // Diabetes, -1995- -Vol.44, -pp.156−160.
- Jensen Т., Stender S., Deckert T. Abnormalities in plasma concentrations of lipoproteins and fibrinogen in Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with increased urinary albumin excretion. // Diabetologia, -1988- -Vol.31, -pp.142−145.
- Jeunemaitre X., Charru A., Chatellier G. et al. M235T variant of angiotensinogen gene in unselected hypertensive patients. // J Hypertens, -1993- -Vol.11, -pp.S80-S81.
- Jeunemaitre X., Ledru F., Battaglia S. et al. Genetic polymorphisms of the rennin angiotensin system and angiographic extent and severity coronary artery disiese: The Corgene study. // Hum Genet, -1997- -Vol.99, -pp.66−73.
- Jeunemaitre X., Soubrier Y., Kotelevtsev R. et al. Molecular basis of human hypertension: role of angiotensinogen. // Cell, -1992- -Vol.71, -pp.169−180.
- Jones S.C., Thomas Т.Н., Marshall S.M. Abnormal regulation of cell membrane fluidity in diabetic nephropathy. // Diabetologia, -1998- -Vol. 41, -Iss.3, -pp.337 342.
- Keavney B.D., Dudley C.R., Stratton I.M. et al. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) 14: Association of angiotensin I-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism with myocardial infarction in NIDDM. // Diabetologia, -1995- -Vol.38, -pp.948−952.
- Keller C. K, Bergis K.H., Ritz E. 24 h-blood pressure profile and its relation to genetics and renal function in type 2 diabetes of resent onset. // Abstract for the Xlllth International Congress of nephrology, -1995- -pp.287.
- Kitamura M. and Fine L.G. Gene transfer into the kidney: promises and limitations. // Kidney Int., -1997- -Vol.52, -Suppl.60, -pp.S86-S90.
- Knowler W.C., Bennett P.H., Nelson R.G. Prediabetic blood pressure predicts albuminuria after development of NIDDM. // Diabetes, -1988- -Suppl.37, -рр.120А.
- Lahdenpera S., Groop P., Tilli-Kiesi et al. LDL subclasses in Type I patients: relation to diabetic nephropathy. // Diabetologia, -1994- -Vol.37, -pp.681−688.
- Lorenzi M. Glucose toxicity in the vascular complications of diabetes: the cellular perspective. // Diabetes, -1992- -Vol.40, -pp.223−227.
- Lorenzi M., Cagliero E. Pathobiology of endothelial and other vascular cells in diabetes mellitus. // Diabetes, -1991- -Vol.40, -pp.653−659.
- Lovati E., Richard A. et al. Genetic polymorphisms of the renin- angiotensin-aldosterone system in end-stage renal disease. // Kidney Int., -2001- -Vol.60, -pp.4654.
- Marre M. Diabetic renal disease: genetic pattern and risk factors. // In: Reducing the Burden of Diabetes Journal ISSN, -1996- -pp. 13 56−1363.
- Marre M., Bernadet P., Gallois Y. et al. Relationships between angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene polimorphism, plasma levels, and diabetic retinal and renal complications. // Diabetes, -1994- -Vol.43, -pp.384−388.
- Martorana P.A., Ruetten H., Goebel B. et al. Ramiprilat prevents the development of acute coronary endothelial dysfunction in the dog. // Basic Res Cardiol, -1999- -Vol.94, -Suppl.4, -pp.238−245.
- Mathiensen E.R., Borch-Johnsen K., Jensen D.V., Deckert T. Improved servival in patients with diabetic nephropathy. // Diabetologia, -1998- -Vol.32, -pp.884−886.
- Mathiensen ER. Microalbuminuria in insulin-dependent diabetes- strategies to prevent diabetic nephropathy. //Nephron, -1993- -Vol.65, -pp.511−521.
- Mathiensen E.R., Hommel E., Hansen H.P., Parving H.H. Preservation of normal GFR in type 1 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria under long-term (8 years) ACE ingibition. //Nephrol Dial Transplant, -1998- -Vol.13, -pp.1062.
- Miller J.A. et al. Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism and renal hemodynamic function in early diabetes. // Kidney Int., -1997- -Vol.51, -pp.119 124.
- Miyamoto Y., Saito Y., Kajiyama N. et al. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is positively associated with essential hypertension. // Hypertension, -1998- -Vol.32, -pp.3−8.
- Miyata Т., Ueda Y., Horie K. et al. Renal catabolism of advanced glycation end products: The fate of pentosidin. // Kidney Int, -1998- -Vol.53, -Iss.2, -pp.416−422.
- Mizuiri S., Hemmi H., Inoue A. et al. Angiotensin-converting gene polymorphism of diabetic nephropathy in non-insulin-dependent diabtes mellitus. // Nephron, -1995--Vol.70,-pp.455−459.
- Mogensen C.E. Early treatment for diabetic renal disease. // In: Reducing the Burden of Diabetes Journal ISSN, -1996- -pp.1395−1412.
- Mogensen C.E. Microalbuminuria, blood pressure and diabetic renal disease: origin and development of ideas. // Diabetologia, -1999- -Vol.42, -pp.263−285.
- Mogensen C.E., Keane W.F., Bennett P.H. Prevention of diabetic renal disease with special reference to microalbuminuria. // Lancet, -1995- -Vol.346, -pp. 1080−1084.
- Mogensen C.E., Osterby R., Hansen K.W., Damsgaard E.M. Blood pressure elevation versus abnormal albuminuria in the genesis and prediction of renal disease in diabetes. // Diabetes Care, -1992- -Vol.15, -pp.1192−1204.
- Morelli E., Loon N., Meyer T.W., Peters W., Myers B.D. Effects of converting-enzyme inhibition on barrier function in diabetic glomerulopathy. // Diabetes, -1990- -Vol.39, -pp.76−82.
- Morgan Т., Craven C., Nelson L. et al. Angiotensinogen T235 expression is elevated in decidual spiral arteries. // J Clin Invest, -1997- -Vol.100, -pp.1406−1415.
- Nacane H., Miller F.J., Farasi F.M. et al. Gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase reduces angiotensin II-induced endothelial dysfunction. // Hypertension, -2000- -Vol.35, -Suppl.2, -pp.595−601.
- Navis G., Van Der Kleij F.G., De Zeeuw D. et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism and renal disease. // J Mol Med, -1999- -Vol.77, -pp.781 791.
- Nelson R.G., Knowler W.C., Pettitt D.J. et al. Incidence and determinants of elevated urinary albumin excretion in Pima Indians with Type II. // Diabetes Care, -1995--Vol. 18, -pp. 182−187.
- Nyberg G., Blohme G., Norden G. Impact of metabolic control in progression of clinical diabetic nephropathy. // Diabetologia, -1987- -Vol.30, -pp.82−86.
- Odawara M., Sasaki K., Tachi Y., Yamashita K. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism and coronary heart disease in Japanese NIDDM. // Diabetologia, -1998- -Vol.41, Iss.3, -pp.365−367.
- Ortiz A., Ziyadeh F.N., Nielson E.G. Expression of apoptosis-regulatory genes in renal proximal epithelial alls expesed to high arribient glucose and in diabetic kidneys. // J Invest Med, -1997- -Vol.45, -Suppl.2, -pp.50−56.
- Osterby R. Lessons from kidney biopsies. // Diab Metab Rew, -1996- -Vol.12, -pp.151−174.
- Parving H-H., Jacobsen P., Rossing K. et al. Benefits of long-term antihypertensive treatment on prognosis in diabetic nephropathy. // Kidney Int, -1996- -Vol.49, -pp. 1778−1782.
- Parving H-H. Renoprotection in diabetes: genetic and non-genetic risk factors and treatment. // Diabetologia, -1998- -Vol.41, -pp.745−759.
- Pein M., Ehlert U., Marcks R. et al. Nitric-oxide-syntase activity in vitro is different in IDDM at high and low risk for the development of diabetic nephropathy. // Diabetologia, -1994- -Vol.37, -pp.A4.
- Perez-Oiler L., Torra R., Badenas C. et al. Influence of the ACE gene polymorphism in the progression of renal failure in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. // Am J Kidney Dis, -1999- -Vol.34, -pp.272−278.
- Perticone F., Ceravolo R. ACE-gene polymorphism and endothelial dysfunction in normal humans. // Letter Hypertension, -1999- -Vol.34, -Suppl.6, -pp.20−21.
- Pettit D.J., Saad M.F., Bennett P.H. et al. Familial predisposition to renal disease in two generations of Pima Indians with 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. // Diabetologia, -1990- -Vol.33, -pp.438−443.
- Pirart J. Diabetes mellitus and its degenerative complications: a prospective study of 4,400 patients observed between 1947 and 1973. // Diabetes Care, -1978- -Vol.1, -pp. 168−188.
- Plotnick G.D., Corretti M.C., Vogel R.A. Effect of antioxidant vitamins on the transient impairment of endothelium-dependent Brachial artery vasoactivity following a singl high-fat meal. // JAMA, -1997- -Vol.278, -pp.1682−1686.
- Poulsen P.L., Ebbehoj E., Mogensen C.E. Early ACE-intervention in microalbuminuria: 24 h BP, renal function, and exercise changes. // Nephrol Dial Transplant, -1998- -Vol.13, -pp. 1056−1079.
- Poulsen P.L., Hansen K.W., Mogensen C.E. Ambulatory blood pressure in the transition from normo- to microalbuminuria. A longitudinal study in NIDDM patients. // Diabetes, -1994- -Vol.43, -pp. 1248−1253.
- Qi X.L., Stewart D., Gosselin H. et al. Improvement of endocardial and vascular endothelial function on myocardial performance by captopril treatment in postinfarct rat hearts. // Circulation, -1999- -Vol.100, -Suppl.12, -pp.1338−1345.
- Quinn M., Angelico M.C., Warram J.H., Krolewski A.S. Familial factors determine the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with IDDM. // Diabetologia, -1996--Vol.39, -pp.940−945.
- Rassague M.S., Koji Т., Harada Т., Taguchi T. Identification of type IV collagen synthesizing cells in human diabetic glomerulosclerosis using renal biopsy sections. //Analitical Cellular Pathology, -1997- -Vol.15, -Iss.3, -pp.175−181.
- Ravid M., Brosh D., Levi Z. et al. Use of enalapril to attenuate decline in renal function in normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized controlled trial. // Ann Intern Med, -1998- -Vol.128, -pp.982−988.
- Ravid M., Lang R., Rachmani R., Lishner M. Long-term renoprotective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in non-insulin-dependent diabetesmellitus. A 7-year follow-up study. // Archives of Internal Medicine, -1996- -Vol.156, -pp.286−289.
- Rigart В., Hubert C., Alhens-Gelas F. et al. An insertion deletion polimorphism in angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene Locounting for half of the variance of serum enzyme levels. // J Clin Invest, -1990- -Vol.86, -pp.1343−1346.
- Ritz E., Stefanski A. Diabetic nephropathy in type II diabetes (indepth review). // Am J Kidney Dis, -1996- -Vol.27, -pp. 167−194.
- Rogus J.J., Krolewski A.S. et al. Diabetic nephropathy is associated with AGT polymorphism T235: results from a family-based study. // Hypertension, -1998- -Vol.31, -Iss.2,-pp.627−631.
- Rogus J.J., Warram J.H., Krolewski A.S. Genetic studies of late diabetic complications. The overlooked importance of diabetes duration before complication onset. //Diabetes, -2002- -Vol.51, -pp.1655−1662.
- Rogus J.J., Moczulski D., Freire M.B. et al. Diabetic nephropathy is assotiated with AGT polymorphism T235: results of a family-based study. // Hypertension, -1998- -Vol.31,-pp.627−631.
- Rossing P., Hommel E., Smidt U.M., Parving H-H. Reduction in albuminuria predicts a beneficial effect on diminishing the progression of human diabetic nephropathy during antihypertensive treatment. // Diabetologia, -1994- -Vol.37, -pp.511−516.
- Rossing P., Hommel E., Smidt U.M., Parving H-H. Reduction in albuminuria predicts diminished progression in diabetic nephropathy. // Kidney Int., -1994- -Vol.45, -Suppl.45, -pp.S145-S149.
- Rudberg S., Stattin E.L., Dahlquist G. Familial and perinatal risk factors for micro-and macroalbuminuria in young IDDM patients. // Diabetes, -1998- -Vol.47, -pp.l 121−1126.
- Schmidt S., Schone N., Rits E. et al. Assotiation of ACE gene polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy? // Kidney Int, -1995- -Vol.47, -pp. 1176−1181.
- Schmidt S., Sharma A.M., Yilch O. et al. Assotiation of M235T variant of the angiotensinogen gene with familial hypertension of early onset. // Nephrol Dial Transplant, -1995- -Vol.10, -pp.1145−1148.
- Schmidt S., Rits E. Genetic determinants of diabetic renal disease and their impact on therapeutic interventions. // Kidney Int., -1997- -Vol.52, -Suppl.63, -pp.S27-S31.
- Schmidt S., Bergis K.N. et al. and the Diabetic nephropathy Study Group. Angiotensinogen gene M235T polymorphism is not associated with diabetic nephropathy. //Nephrol.Dial.Transplant, -1996- -Vol.l 1, -pp. 1755−1761.
- Schwemmer M., Sommer 0., Koeckerbauer R., Basseng E. Cardiovascular dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia associated with enhanced formation of AT1-receptor and eicosanoids. // J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther, -2000- -Vol.5, -Suppl.l, -pp.59−68.
- Shunkert H., Hense H.W., Gimenez-Roqueplo A.P. et al. The angiotensinogen M235 T variant and the use of antihypertensive drugs in a population based cohort. // Hypertension, -1997- -Vol.29, -pp.628−633.
- Steinberg H.O., Baron A.D. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and nitrovasodilation. Important and complex interactions. // Circulation, -1997- -Vol.95,-pp.560−561.
- Steinberg H.O., Paradisi G., Hook G. et al. Free fatty acid elevation impairs insulin-mediated vasolidation and nitric oxide production. // Diabetes, -2000- -Vol.49, -pp.1231−1238.
- Tanaka Y., Atsumi Y., Matsuoka K. et al. Role of glycemic control and blood pressure in the development and progression of nephropathy in elderly Japanese NIDDM patients. // Diabetes Care, -1998, -Vol.21, -pp.116−120.
- Tarnow L., Fagerudd J., Rossing P. et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and early mortality clusters in parents of IDDM patients with diabetic nephropathy (Abstract). //Diabetologia, -1998- -Vol.41, -Suppl.l, -pp.1125, A291.
- Tarnow L., Cambien F., Rossing P., Nielsen F.S. et al. Angiotensin-II type 1 reseptor gene polymorphism and diabetic microangiopathy. // Nephrol.Dial.Transplant., -1996- -Vol.11, -pp.1019−1023.
- Tarnow L., Cambien F., Rossing P. Nielsen F.S. et al. Angiotensinogen gene polymorphisms in IDDM patients with diabetic nephropathy. // Diabetes, -1996- -Vol.45,-pp.1204−1208.
- Tarnow L., Gluud G., Parving H. Diabetic nephropathy and the insertion/deletion polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene. // Nephrol.Dial.Transplant., -1998--Vol.13,-pp.1125−1130.
- Taskinen M.R., Lahdenpera S., Syvanne M. New insights into lipid metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. //Ann Med, -1996- -Vol.28, -pp.335−340.
- Tatti P., Pahor M., Byington R. et al. Outcome results of the fosinopril versus amlodipine cardiovascular events trial (FACET) in patients with hypertension and NIDDM. // Diabetes Care, -1998- -Vol.21, -pp.597−603.
- The Euclid Study Group Co-Ordinating Center. Differences in albumin excretion rate respons to lisinopril by ACE genotype in insulin dependent diabetes (IDDM). (abstract). // Diabetologia, -1996- -Vol.39, -A60.
- Ting H.H., Timimi F.K., Boles K.S. et al. Vitamin С improves endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. // J Clin Invest, -1996- -Vol.97, -pp.22−28.
- Tiret L., Rigart В., Visvikis S. et al. Evidence from combined segregation and lineage analysis, that a variant of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene controls plasma ACE levels. // Am J Hum Genet., -1992- -Vol.51, -pp.197−205.
- UKPDS 33: An intensive blood glucose control policy with sulphonylureas or insulin reduces the risk of diabetic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. // Lancet, -1998- -Vol.352, -pp.837−853.
- Vallejo S., Angulo J., Peiro C. et al. Highly glycated oxyhaemoglobin impairs nitric oxide relaxations in human mesenteric microvessels. // Diabetologia, -2000- -Vol.43, -pp.83−90.
- Van Essen G.G., Rensma P.L., De Zeeuw D., Sluiter W.J. et al. Assotiation between angiotensin- converting-enzyme gene polymorphism and failure of renoprotective therapy. // Lanset, -1996- -Vol.347, -pp.94−95.
- Van Ittersam F.J., De Man A.M., Thijssen S. et al. Genetic polymorphisms of the rennin-angiotensin system and complications of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. //Nephrol. Dial. Transplant, -2000- -Vol.15, -pp. 1000−1007.
- Vannini P, Ciavarella A, Flammini M. et al. Lipid abnormalities in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with albuminuria. // Diabetes Care, -1984- -Vol.7, -pp.151−154.
- Vasku A, Soucek M, Znojil V. et al. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme and angiotensinogen gene interaction and prediction of essential hypertension. // Kidney Int, -1998- -Vol.53, -pp.1479−1482.
- Veves A, Akbari C. M, Primavera J. et al. Endothelial dysfunction and the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthetase in diabetic nephropathy, vascular disease, and foot ulceration. // Diabetes, -1998- -Vol.47, -pp.457−463.
- Viberti G. C, Keen H, Wisemen M.J. Raised arterial pressure in parents of proteinuric insulin dependent diabetics. // Br. Med. J, -1987- -Vol.295, -pp.515 517.
- Viberti G.C. Diabetic nephropathy: clinical and experimental aspects. // In: Current status of prevention and treatment of diabetic complications. Ed by Sakamoto N. & Elsevier Science Publishers B. V, Amsterdam, -1990- -pp. 108−115.
- Viberti GC. Pathophisiology of diabetic nephropathy. // Medicographia, -1997- -Vol.19, -pp.116−121.
- Vlassara H. Advanced glycation in diabetic renal and vascular disease. // Kidney Int, -1995- -Vol.48, -Suppl.51, -pp.S43-S45.
- Wang P. H, Lau J, Chalmers T.C. Meta-analysis of effects of intensive blood-glucose control on late diabetic complications of type I diabetes. // Lancet, -1993- -Vol.341, -pp. 1306−1309.
- Wang X. L, Mahaney M. C, Siew A. et al. Genetic contribution of the endothelial constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene to plasma Nitric Oxide levels. // Arteriorscler Thromb Vase Biol, -1997- -Vol.17, -pp.3147−3153.
- Wattanapitayakul S. K, Weinstein D. M, Holycross B. J, Bauer J.A. Endothelial dysfunction and peroxynitrite formation are early events in angiotensin-induced cardiovascular disorders. // FASEB J, -2000- -Vol.14, -Suppl.2, -pp.271−278.
- Williams S.B., Goldfine A.B., Timimi F.K. et al. Acute hyperglycemia attenuates endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in humans in vivo. // Cerculation, -1998- -Vol.97, -pp. 1695−1701.
- Zee R.L., Lou Y.K., Griffiths L.R., Morris B.J. Association of a polymorphism of the angiotensin-I converting enzyme gene with essential hypertension. // Biochem Biophys Res Commun, -1992- -Vol.184, -pp.9−15.
- Ziccheli P. Calcium channel blockers in diabetic nephropathy is the life after ABCD trial? // Nephrol Dial Transplant, -1998- -Vol.13, -pp.1930−1932.