Роль полиморфизмов генов апоптоза в формировании предрасположенности к раку молочной железы и раку легкого
Диссертация
В настоящей работе был использован оригинальный подход к формированию групп пациентов и контроля. Вместо использования случайных выборок, мы оценивали встречаемость изучаемых полиморфизмов в группах, характеризующихся повышенной предрасположенностью и толерантностью к развитию онкологических заболеваний. Отбор пациенток в группу РМЖ производился с учетом наличия следующих признаков: раннее начало… Читать ещё >
Список литературы
- Имянитов Е.Н., Хансон К. П. Молекулярная онкология: клинические аспекты // СПбМАПО — 2007, 215 стр.
- Мерабишвили В.М., Дятченко О. Т. Статистика рака легкого (заболеваемость, смертность, выживаемость) // Практическая онкология — 2000, Том 3, 3 — 5.
- Моисеенко В.М., Семиглазов В. Ф., Тюлядин А. Современное лекарственное лечение местно-распрострапенного и метастатического рака молочной железы // СПб.: Грифон -1997,254 стр.
- Скулачев В.П. Явление запрограммированной клеточной смерти. Митохондрии, клетки и органы: роль активных форм кислорода // Соросовский образовательный журнал — 2001, Том 7, № 6, 4 — 10.
- Хайрутдинов В.Р., Суспицын Е. Н., Буслов К. Г., Иевлева А. Г., Соколенко А. П., Чекмарева Е. В., Улыбина Ю. М. Особенности распределения аллелей 72 кодона гена р53 у больных псориазом // Медицинский академический журнал — 2004, Том 4, № 3, 72−73 .
- Adams J., Cuthbert-Heavens D., Bass S., Knowles M.A. Infrequent mutation of TRAIL receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2/DR5) in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with 8p21 loss of heterozygosity // Cancer Lett — 2005, Vol. 220, P. 137 — 144.
- Adams J.M., Cory S. Life-or-death decisions by the Bcl-2 protein family // Trends Biochem Sci-2001, Vol. 26, P. 61−66.
- Alexiou C, Onyeaka C.V., Beggs D., Akar R., Beggs L., Salama F.D., Duffy J.P., Morgan E. Do women live longer following lung resection for carcinoma? // Eur J Cardiothorac Surg -2002, Vol. 21, P. 319−325.
- Alraasan A., Ashkenazi A. Apo2L/TRAIL: apoptosis signaling, biology, and potential for cancer therapy // Cytokine Growth Factor Rev — 2003, Vol. 14, P. 337 — 348.
- Arai Т., Akiyama Y., Okabe S., Saito K., Iwai Т., Yuasa Y. Genomic organization and mutation analyses of the DR5/TRAIL receptor 2 gene in colorectal carcinomas // Cancer Lett -1998, Vol. 133, P. 197−204.
- Assuncao Guimaraes C, Linden R. Programmed cell deaths. Apoptosis and alternative deathstyles // Eur J Biochem — 2004, Vol. 271, P. 1638 — 1650.
- Badar F., Meerza F., Khokhar R.A., AH F.A., Irfan N., Kamran S., Shahid N., Mahmood S. Characteristics of lung cancer patients—the Shaukat Khanum Memorial experience // Asian Рас J Cancer Prev — 2006, Vol. 7, P. 245 — 248.
- Balasubramanian K., Chandra J., Schroit A.J. Immune clearance of phosphatidylserine- expressing cells by phagocytes. The role of beta2-glycoprotein I in macrophage recognition // J Biol Chem-1997, Vol. 272, P. 31 113−31 117.
- Balkwill F. Tumor necrosis factor or tumor promoting factor? // Cytokine Growth Factor Rev -2002, Vol. 13, P. 135−141.
- Bao Q., Shi Y. Apoptosome: a platform for the activation of initiator caspases // Cell Death Differ — 2007, Vol. 14, P. 56 — 65.
- Borner C. The Bcl-2 protein family: sensors and checkpoints for life-or-death decisions // Mol Immunol — 2003, Vol. 39, P. 615 — 647.
- Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Commonly studied single-nucleotide polymorphisms and breast cancer: results from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium // J Natl Cancer Inst — 2006, Vol. 98, P. 1382 — 1396.
- Brown S., Heinisch I., Ross E., Shaw K., Buckley CD., Savill J. Apoptosis disables CD31- mediated cell detachment from phagocytes promoting binding and engulfment // Nature — 2002, Vol. 418, P. 200−203.
- Brownson R.C., Alavanja M.C., Caporaso N., Simoes E.J., Chang J.C. Epidemiology and prevention of lung cancer in nonsmokers // Epidemiol Rev — 1998, Vol. 20, P. 218 — 236.
- Camplejohn R.S., Gilchrist R., Easton D., McKenzie-Edwards E., Barnes D.M., Eccles D.M., Ardern-Jones A., Hodgson S.V., Duddy P.M., Eeles R.A. Apoptosis, ageing and cancer susceptibility // Br J Cancer — 2003, Vol. 88, P. 487 — 490.
- Catchpoole D.R., Lock R.B. The potential tumour suppressor role for caspase-9 (CASP9) in the childhood malignancy, neuroblastoma // Eur J Cancer — 2001, Vol. 17, P. 2217 — 2221.
- Cerretti D.P., Kozlosky C.J., Mosley В., Nelson N., Van Ness K., Greenstreet T.A., March C.J., Kronheim S.R., Druck Т., Cannizzaro L.A., et al. Molecular cloning of the interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme // Science — 1992, Vol. 256(5053), P. 97−100.
- Chapman H.A. A Fas pathway to pulmonary fibrosis // J Clin Invest — 1999, Vol. 104, P. 1−2.
- Condorelli F., Salomoni P., Cotteret S., Cesi V., Srinivasula S.M., Alnemri E.S., Calabretta B. Caspase cleavage enhances the apoptosis-inducing effects of BAD // Mol Cell Biol — 2000, Vol.21, P. 3025−3036.
- Conus S., Kaufmann Т., Fellay I., Otter I., Rosse Т., Borner C. Bcl-2 is a monomeric protein: prevention of homodimerization by structural constraints // EMBO J — 2000, Vol.19, P. 1534 — 1544.
- Cooley M.E., Kaiser L.R., Abrahm J.L., Giarelli E. The silent epidemic: tobacco and the evolution of lung cancer and its treatment // Cancer Invest — 2001, Vol. 19, P. 739 — 751.
- Cory S., Huang D.C., Adams J.M. The Bcl-2 family: roles in cell survival and oncogenesis // Oncogene — 2003, Vol. 53, P. 8590 — 8607.
- Coscio A.M., Garst J. Lung cancer in women // Curr Oncol Rep. — 2006, Vol. 8, P.248 — 251.
- Cowling V., Downward J. Caspase-6 is the direct activator of caspase-8 in the cytochrome c- induced apoptosis pathway: absolute requirement for removal of caspase-6 prodomain // Cell Death Differ- 2002, Vol. 9, P. 1046 — 1056.
- Creagh E.M., Murphy B.M., Duriez P.J., Duckett C.S., Martin S.J. Smac/Diablo antagonizes ubiquitin ligase activity of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins // J Biol Chem — 2004, Vol. 279 P. 26 906−26 914.
- Crook N.E., Clem R.J., Miller L.K. An apoptosis-inhibiting baculovirus gene with a zinc finger-like motif// J Virol — 1993, Vol. 67, P. 2168 — 2174.
- Darbre P.D. Steroids and steroid receptors in growth control of cultured breast cancer cells // Int J Cancer Suppl -1990, P. 67 — 75.
- Datta S.R., Dudek H., Tao X., Masters S., Fu H., Gotoh Y., Greenberg M.E. Akt phosphorylation of BAD couples survival signals to the cell-intrinsic death machinery // Cell -1997, Vol. 91, P. 231−241.
- Debatin K.M., Krammer P.H. Death receptors in chemotherapy and cancer // Oncogene — 2004, Vol. 12, P. 2950−2966.
- Deveraux Q.L., Takahashi R., Salvesen G.S., Reed J.C. X-linked IAP is a direct inhibitor of cell-death proteases //Nature — 1997, Vol. 388, P. 300 — 304.
- Devesa S.S., Grauman D.J., Blot W.J., Fraumeni J.F. Jr. Cancer surveillance series: changing geographic patterns of lung cancer mortality in the United States, 1950 through 1994 // J Natl Cancer Inst- 1999, Vol. 91, P. 1040 — 1050.
- Doll R. Uncovering the effects of smoking: historical perspective // Stat Methods Med Res — 1998, Vol. 2, P. 87−117.
- Dumont P., Leu J.I., Delia Pietra A.C. 3rd, George D.L., Murphy M. The codon 72 polymorphic variants of p53 have markedly different apoptotic potential // Nat Genet — 2003, Vol. 33, P. 357−365.
- Dunning A.M., Healey C.S., Pharoah P.D., Teare M.D., Ponder B.A., Easton D.F. A systematic review of genetic polymorphisms and breast cancer risk // Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev- 1999, Vol. 10, P. 843 — 854.
- Earnshaw W.C. Cell biology. Keeping survivin nimble at centromeres in mitosis // Science — 2005, Vol. 310, P. 1443−1444.
- Eckelman B.P., Salvesen G.S., Scott F.L. Human inhibitor of apoptosis proteins: why XIAP is the black sheep of the family // EMBO Rep — 2006, Vol. 7, P. 988 — 994.
- Fine A., Janssen-Heininger Y., Soultanakis R.P., Swisher S.G., Uhal B.D. Apoptosis in lung pathophysiology // Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol — 2000, Vol. 3, P. L423 — L427.
- Fischer U., Janicke R.U., Schulze-Osthoff K. Many cuts to ruin: a comprehensive update of caspase substrates // Cell Death Differ — 2003, Vol. 10, P. 76 — 100.
- Frank В., Bermejo J.L., Hemminki K., Klaes R., Bugert P., Wappenschmidt В., Schmutzler R.K., Burwinkel B. Re: Association of a common variant of the CASP8 gene with reduced risk ofbreast cancer Hi Natl Cancer Inst -2005, Vol. 13, P. 1012.
- Frank В., Shanmugam K.S., Beckmann L., Hemminki K., Brenner H., Hoffmeister M., Chang-Claude J., Burwinkel B. Death receptor 4 variants and colorectal cancer risk // Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev — 2006, Vol. 15, P. 2002 — 2005.
- Frank T.S. Testing for Hereditary Risk of Ovarian Cancer // Cancer Control — 1999, Vol. 4, P. 327 — 334.
- Fuentes-Prior P., Salvesen G.S. The protein structures that shape caspase activity, specificity, activation and inhibition // Biochem J — 2004, Vol. 384, P. 201 — 232.
- Fukuda S., Pelus L.M. Survivin, a cancer target with an emerging role in normal adult tissues // Mol Cancer Ther — 2006, Vol. 5, P. 1087 — 1098.
- Garner C.E., Burka L.T., Etheridge A.E., Matthews H.B. Catechol metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls inhibit the catechol-O-methyltransferase-mediated metabolism of catechol estrogens // Toxicol Appl Pharmacol — 2000, Vol. 2, P. 115 — 123.
- Gormus U., Ergen A., Yaylim-Eraltan I., Yilmaz H., Turna A., Bozkurt N., Isbir T. Fas-1377 A/G polymorphism in lung cancer // In Vivo — 2007, Vol. 21, P. 663 — 666.
- Grigoriev M.Y., Pozharissky K.M., Hanson K.P., Imyanitov E.N., Zhivotovsky B. Expression of caspase-3 and -7 does not correlate with the extent of apoptosis in primary breast carcinomas // Cell Cycle — 2002, Vol. 1, P. 337 — 342.
- Gritz E.R., Nielsen I.R., Brooks L. A, Smoking cessation and gender: the influence of physiological, psychological, and behavioral factors // J Am Med Womens Assoc — 1996, Vol. 51, P. 35−42.
- Gupta S. Molecular signaling in death receptor and mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis // Int J Oncol — 2003, Vol. 22, P. 15 — 20.
- Hanahan D., Weinberg R.A. The hallmarks of cancer // Cell — 2000, Vol. 100, P. 57 — 70.
- Hanayama R., Tanaka M., Miwa K., Shinohara A., Iwamatsu A., Nagata S. Identification of a factor that links apoptotic cells to phagocytes // Nature — 2002, Vol. 417, P. 182 — 187.
- Harada H., Becknell В., Wilm M., Mann M., Huang L.J., Taylor S.S., Scott J.D., Korsmeyer S.J. Phosphorylation and inactivation of BAD by mitochondria-anchored protein kinase A // MolCell- 1999, Vol. 3, P. 413−422.
- Hassan H.I., Walker R.A. Decreased apoptosis in non-involved tissue from cancer-containing breasts // J Pathol — 1998, Vol. 184, P. 258 — 264.
- Hazra A., Chamberlain R.M., Grossman H.B., Zhu Y., Spitz M.R., Wu X. Death receptor 4 and bladder cancer risk// Cancer Res -2003, Vol. 63, P. 1157 — 1159.
- Holbrook J.H. The changing cigarette // West J Med — 1981, Vol. 134, P. 353.
- Horak P., Pils D., Roessler M., Tomek S., Elandt K., Zeillinger R., Zielinski C, Krainer M. Common death receptor 4 (DR4) polymorphisms do not predispose to ovarian cancer // Gynecol Oncol. -2005, Vol. 97, P. 514 — 518.
- Horvitz H.R. Worms, life and death // http://www.nobelprize.org, Nobel lecture, 2002. I l l
- Hosomi Y., Gemma A., Hosoya Y., Nara M., Okano Т., Takenaka K., Yoshimura A., Koizumi K., Shimizu K., Kudoh S. Somatic mutation of the Caspase-5 gene in human lung cancer // Int J Mol Med — 2003, Vol. 4, P. 443 — 446.
- Hsu H., Huang J., Shu H.B., Baichwal V., Goeddel D.V. TNF-dependent recruitment of the protein kinase RIP to the TNF receptor-1 signaling complex // Immunity — 1996, Vol. 4, P. 387−396.
- Imoto I., Tsuda H., Hirasawa A., Miura M., Sakamoto M., Hirohashi S., Inazawa J. Expression of cIAPl, a target for llq22 amplification, correlates with resistance of cervical cancers to radiotherapy // Cancer Res — 2002, Vol. 62, P. 4860 — 4866.
- Imyanitov E., Hanson K., Zhivotovsky B. Polymorphic variations in apoptotic genes and cancer predisposition // Cell Death Differ — 2005a, Vol. 12, P. 1004 — 1007.
- Imyanitov E.N., Grigoriev M.Y., Gorodinskaya V.M., Kuligina E.S., Pozharisski K.M., Togo A.V., Hanson K.P. Partial restoration of degraded DNA from archival paraffin-embedded tissues // Bioteclmiques — 2001, Vol. 5, P. 1000 — 1002.
- Imyanitov E.N., Kuligina E.Sh., Belogubova E.V., Togo A.V., Hanson K.P. Mechanism of lung cancer // Drug Discov. Today: Dis. Mech — 2005, Vol. 2, P. 213 — 223.
- Imyanitov E.N., Togo A.V., Hanson K.P. Searching for cancer-associated gene polymorphisms: promises and obstacles // Cancer Lett — 2004, Vol. 204, P. 3 — 14.
- Inohara N., Gourley T.S., Carrio R., Muniz M., Merino J., Garcia I., Koseki Т., Hu Y., Chen S., Nunez G. Diva, a Bcl-2 homologue that binds directly to Apaf-1 and induces BH3-independent cell death // J Biol Chem — 1998, Vol. 273, P. 32 479 — 32 486.
- Jager R., Herzer U., Schenkel J., Weiher H. Overexpression of Bcl-2 inhibits alveolar cell apoptosis during involution and accelerates c-myc-induced tumorigenesis of the mammary gland in transgenic mice // Oncogene — 1997, Vol. 15, P. 1787 — 1795.
- Jain M., Kumar S., Lai P., Tiwari A., Ghoshal U.C., Mittal B. Role of BCL2 (ala43thr), CCND1 (G870A) and FAS (A-670G) polymorphisms in modulating the risk of developing esophageal cancer // Cancer Detect Prev — 2007, Vol. 31, Vol. 225 — 232.
- Jemal A., Murray Т., Ward E., Samuels A., Tiwari R.C., Ghafoor A., Feuer E.J., Thun M.J. Cancer statistics, 2005 // CA Cancer J Clin — 2005, Vol. 55, P. 10 — 30.
- Jeng Y.M., Hsu H.C. Mutation of the DR5/TRAIL receptor 2 gene is infrequent in hepatocellular carcinoma // Cancer Lett — 2002, Vol. 181, P. 205 — 208.
- Joseph В., Ekedahl J., Sirzen F., Lewensohn R., Zhivotovsky B. Differences in expression of pro-caspases in small cell and non-small cell lung carcinoma // Biochem Biophys Res Commun. — 1999, Vol. 2, P. 381 — 387.
- Kerr J.F., Wyllie A.H., Currie A.R. Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide- ranging implications in tissue kinetics // Br J Cancer — 1972, Vol. 26, P. 239 — 257.
- Kmietowicz Z. Women at double risk of small cell lung cancer // BMJ — 1998, Vol. 317, P. 1614.
- Knudson A.G. Cancer genetics // Am J Med Genet — 2002, Vol. 111, P. 96 — 102.
- Kumar R., Vadlamudi R.K., Adam L. Apoptosis in mammary gland and cancer // Endocr Relat Cancer — 2000, Vol. 7, P. 257 — 269.
- Kuper H., Ye W., Weiderpass E., Ekbom A., Trichopoulos D., Nyren O., Adami H.O. Alcohol and breast cancer risk: the alcoholism paradox // Br J Cancer — 2000, Vol. 7, P. 949 -951.
- Kuwano К., Yoshimi M., Maeyama Т., Hamada N., Yamada M., Nakanishi Y. Apoptosis signaling pathways in lung diseases // Med Chem — 2005, Vol. 1, P. 49 — 56.
- Lam D.C., Girard L., Suen W.S., Chung L.P., Tin V.P., Lam W.K., Minna J.D., Wong M.P. Establishment and expression profiling of new lung cancer cell lines from Chinese smokers and lifetime never-smokers // J Thorac Oncol — 2006, Vol. 1, P. 932 — 942.
- LeBlanc H.N., Ashkenazi A. Apo2L/TRAIL and its death and decoy receptors // Cell Death and Differ — 2003, Vol. 10, P. 66−75.
- Lerman C, Berrettini W. Elucidating the role of genetic factors in smoking behavior and nicotine dependence // Am J Med Genet В Neuropsychiatr Genet. — 2003, Vol. 118, P. 48 -54.
- Levi F., Franceschi S., La Vecchia C, Randimbison L., Те V.C. Lung carcinoma trends by histologic type in Vaud and Neuchatel, Switzerland, 1974−1994 // Cancer- 1997, Vol. 79, P. 906−914.
- Levi F., Lucchini F., Negri E., La Vecchia C. Continuing declines in cancer mortality in the European Union // Ann Oncol — 2007, Vol. 18, P. 593 — 595.
- Li H., Zhu H., Xu С J., Yuan J. Cleavage of BID by caspase 8 mediates the mitochondrial damage in the Fas pathway of apoptosis // Cell — 1998, Vol. 21, P. 491 — 501.
- Li H., Zhu H., Xu C.J., Yuan J., Cleavage of BID by caspase 8 mediates the mitochondrial damage in the Fas pathway of apoptosis. // Cell — 1998, Vol. 94, P. 491−501.
- Li P., Nijhawan D., Budihardjo I., Srinivasula S.M., Ahmad M., Alnemri E.S., Wang X. Cytochrome с and dATP-dependent formation of Apaf-l/caspase-9 complex initiates an apoptotic protease cascade // Cell — 1997, Vol. 91, P. 479 — 489.
- Lindenboim L., Yuan J, Stein R. Bcl-xS and Bax induce different apoptotic pathways in PC12 cells // Oncogene — 2000, Vol. 19, P. 1783 — 1793.
- Lipworth L., Bailey L.R., Trichopoulos D. History of breast-feeding in relation to breast cancer risk: a review of the epidemiologic literature // J Natl Cancer Inst — 2000, Vol. 4, P. 302−312.
- Liu В., Peng D., Lu Y., Jin W., Fan Z. A novel single amino acid deletion caspase-8 mutant in cancer cells that lost proapoptotic activity // J Biol Chem — 2002, Vol. 33, P. 30 159 -30 164.
- Liu X., Kim C.N., Yang J., Jemmerson R., Wang X. Induction of apoptotic program in cell-free extracts: requirement for dATP and cytochrome с // Cell — 1996, Vol. 86, P. 147 -157.
- Lockshin R.A., Williams CM. Programmed cell death. Endocrine potentiation of the breakdown of the intersegmental muscles of silkmoths // J Insect Physiol — 1964, Vol.10, P. 643 — 649.
- Los M., Stroll C, Janicke R.U., Engels I.H., Schulze-Osthoff K. Caspases: more than just killers? // Trends Immunol — 2001, Vol. 22, P. 31 — 34.
- Luo X., Budihardjo I., Zou H., Slaughter C, Wang X. Bid, a Bcl2 interacting protein, mediates cytochrome с release from mitochondria in response to activation of cell surface death receptors // Cell — 1998, Vol.94, P. 481190.
- Luthi A.U., Martin S.J. The CASBAH: a searchable database of caspase substrates // Cell Death Differ — 2007, Vol. 14, P. 641 — 650.
- Malaiyandi V., Sellers E.M., Tyndale R.F. Implications of CYP2A6 genetic variation for smoking behaviors and nicotine dependence // Clin Pharmacol Ther — 2005, Vol. 77, P. 145 -158.
- Mandruzzato S., Brasseur F., Andry G., Boon Т., van der Bruggen P.A. CASP-8 mutation recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes on a human head and neck carcinoma // J Exp Med -1997, Vol. 186, P. 785−793.
- Martinon F., Tschopp J. Inflammatory caspases and inflammasomes: master switches of inflammation // Cell Death Differ — 2007, Vol. 14, P. 10 — 22.
- Matakidou A., Eisen Т., Houlston R.S. Systematic review of the relationship between family history and lung cancer risk // Br J Cancer — 2005, Vol. 93, P. 825 — 833.
- Mettlin С Global breast cancer mortality statistics // CA Cancer J Clin — 1999, Vol. 49, P. 138−144.
- Micheau O., Tschopp J. Induction of TNF receptor I-mediated apoptosis via two sequential signaling complexes // Cell — 2003, Vol. 114, P. 181 — 190.
- Middleton G., Nunez G., Davies A.M. Bax promotes neuronal survival and antagonises the survival effects of neurotrophic factors // Development — 1996, Vol. 122, P. 695 — 701.
- Mouawad R., Antoine E.C., Gil-Delgado M., Khayat D., Soubrane С Serum caspase-1 levels in metastatic melanoma patients: relationship with tumour burden and non-response to biochemotherapy // Melanoma Res — 2002, Vol. 4, P. 343 — 348.
- Mullenbach R., Lagoda P.J., Welter С An efficient salt-chloroform extraction of DNA from blood and tissues // Trends Genet- 1989, Vol. 5, P. 391 — 397.
- Noble E.P. The DRD2 gene, smoking, and lung cancer // J Natl. Cancer Inst — 1998, Vol. 99, P. 12 269−12 274.
- Parkin D.M., Bray F., Ferlay J., Pisani P. Global cancer statistics, 2002 // CA Cancer J Clin -2005, Vol. 55, P. 74- 108.
- Parkin D.M., Bray F., Ferlay J., Pisani P. Global cancer statistics, 2002 // CA Cancer J Clin — 2005, Vol. 55, P. 74 — 108.
- Payne S. 'Smoke like a man, die like a man'?: a review of the relationship between gender, sex and lung cancer // Soc Sci Med — 2001, Vol. 53, P. 1067 — 1080.
- Pfeifer G.P., Denissenko M.F., Olivier M., Tretyakova N., Hecht S.S., Hainaut P. Tobacco smoke carcinogens, DNA damage and p53 mutations in smoking-associated cancers // Oncogene-2002, Vol. 21, P. 7435 — 7451.
- Pharoah P.D., Tyrer J., Dunning A.M., Easton D.F., Ponder B.A. Association between common variation in 120 candidate genes and breast cancer risk // PLoS Genet — 2007, Vol. 3, e42.
- Po-ki Ho, Hawkins C.J. Mammalian initiator apoptotic caspases // FEBS J — 2005, Vol. 272, P. 5436 — 5453.
- Proctor R.N. The global smoking epidemic: a history and status report // Clin Lung Cancer — 2004, Vol. 6, P. 371 — 376.
- Proctor R.N. Tobacco and the global lung cancer epidemic // Nat Rev Cancer — 2001, Vol. 1, P. 82−86.
- Puthalakath H., Huang D.C., O’Reilly L.A., King S.M., Strasser A. The proapoptotic activity of the Bcl-2 family member Bim is regulated by interaction with the dynein motor complex // Mol Cell — 1999, Vol. 3, P. 287 — 296.
- Rao L., Perez D., White E. Lamin proteolysis facilitates nuclear events during apoptosis // J Cell Biol — 1996, Vol. 135, P. 1441 — 1455.
- Ravagnan L., Gurbuxani S., Susin S.A., Maisse C, Daugas E., Zamzami N., Мак Т., Jaattela M., Penninger J.M., Garrido C, Kroemer G. Heat-shock protein 70 antagonizes apoptosis-inducing factor // Nat Cell Biol — 2001, Vol. 3, P. 839 — 843.
- Reed J.C. Apoptosis-based therapies//Nat Rev Drug Discov. — 2002, Vol. 1, P. 111 — 121.
- Reed J.C. Mechanisms of apoptosis// Am J Pathol -2000, Vol. 157, P. 1415−1430.
- Robertson J.D., Orrenius S., Zhivotovsky B. Review: nuclear events in apoptosis // J Struct Biol — 2000, Vol. 129, P. 346 — 358.
- Roy N., Deveraux Q.L., Takahashi R., Salvesen G.S., Reed J.C. The c-IAP-1 and c-IAP-2 proteins are direct inhibitors of specific caspases EMBO J — 1997, Vol. 16, P. 6914 — 6925.
- Rudel Т., Bokoch G.M. Membrane and morphological changes in apoptotic cells regulated by caspase-mediated activation of PAK2 // Science — 1997, Vol. 276, P. 1571 -1574.
- Rupinder S.K., Gurpreet A.K., Manjeet S. Cell suicide and caspases // Vascul Pharmacol -2007, Vol. 46, P. 383−393.
- Russo J., Hu Y.F., Yang X., Russo I.H. Developmental, cellular, and molecular basis of human breast cancer // J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr — 2000, Vol. 27, P. 17 — 37.
- Sakahira H., Enari M., Nagata S. Cleavage of CAD inhibitor in CAD activation and DNA degradation during apoptosis // Nature — 1998, Vol. 391, P. 96 — 99.
- Samali A., Zhivotovsky В., Jones D.P., Orrenius S. Detection of pro-caspase-3 in cytosol and mitochondria of various tissues //FEBS Lett- 1998, Vol. 431, P. 167 — 169.
- Sartorius U.A., Krammer P.H. Upregulation of Bcl-2 is involved in the mediation of chemotherapy resistance in human small cell lung cancer cell lines // Int J Cancer — 2002, Vol. 97, P. 584 — 592.
- Saunders J.W. Death in embryonic systems// Science — 1966, Vol. 154 (749), P 604 — 612.
- Schwartz A.G., Prysak G.M., Воск C.H., Cote M.L. The molecular epidemiology of lung cancer // Carcinogenesis — 2007, Vol. 28, P. 507 — 518.
- Schwartz A.G., Ruckdeschel J .С Familial lung cancer: genetic susceptibility and relationship to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease // Am J Respir Crit Care Med — 2006, Vol. 173, P. 16−22.
- Scully R., Livingston D.M. In search of the tumour-suppressor functions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 // Nature — 2000, Vol. 408, P. 429 — 432.
- Segura-Valdez L., Pardo A., Gaxiola M., Uhal B.D., Becerril C, Selman M. Upregulation of gelatinases A and B, collagenases 1 and 2, and increased parenchymal cell death in COPD // Chest — 2000, Vol. 117, P. 684 — 694.
- Shi Y. Caspase activation, inhibition, and reactivation: a mechanistic view // Protein Sci -2004, Vol. 13, P. 1979−1987.
- Shivapurkar N., Reddy J., Chaudhary P.M., Gazdar A.F. Apoptosis and lung cancer: a review // J Cell Biochem — 2003, Vol. 5, P. 885 — 898.
- Simmonds P. Managing patients with lung cancer. New guidelines should improve standards of care // BMJ — 1999, Vol. 319, P. 527 — 528.
- Slade J. The tobacco epidemic: lessons from history // J Psychoactive Drugs — 1992, Vol. 24, P. 99−109.
- Son J.W., Kang H.K., Chae M.H., Choi J.E., Park J.M., Lee W.K., Kim C.H., Kim D.S., Kam S., Kang Y.M., Park J.Y. Polymorphisms in the caspase-8 gene and the risk of lung cancer // Cancer Genet Cytogenet — 2006, Vol. 169, P. 121 — 127.
- Song Q., Kuang Y., Dixit V.M., Vincenz C. Boo, a novel negative regulator of cell death, interacts with Apaf-1 // EMBO J — 1999, Vol.18, P. 167 — 178.
- Spink D.C., Katz B.H., Hussain M.M., Spink B.C., Wu S.J., Liu N., Pause R., Kaminsky 1.S. Induction of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in T-47D human breast cancer cells by benzoa. pyrene is diminished by arsenite // Drug Metab Dispos — 2002, Vol. 3, P. 262 — 269.
- Stockwell H.G., Armstrong A.W., Leaverton P.E. Histopathology of lung cancers among smokers and nonsmokers in Florida // Int J Epidemiol — 1990, Vol. 19, P. 48 — 52.
- Stroh C, Schulze-Osthoff K. Death by a thousand cuts: an ever increasing list of caspase substrates // Cell Death Differ — 1998, Vol. 5, P. 997 — 1000.
- Subramanian J., Govindan R. Lung cancer in never smokers: a review // J Clin Oncol — 2007, Vol. 25, P. 561−570.
- Sun S., Schiller J.H., Gazdar A.F. Lung cancer in never smokers — a different disease // Nat Rev Cancer — 2007, Vol. 7, P. 778 — 790.
- Sun Т., Miao X., Zhang X., Tan W., Xiong P., Lin D. Polymorphisms of death pathway genes FAS and FASL in esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma // J Natl Cancer Inst — 2004, Vol. 96, P. 1030−1036.
- Susin S.A., Lorenzo H.K., Zamzami N., Marzo I., Brenner C, Larochette N., Prevost M.C., Alzari P.M., Kroemer G. Mitochondrial release of caspase-2 and -9 during the apoptotic process // J Exp M e d — 1999, Vol. 189, P. 381 — 394.
- Szabo C.I., King M.C. Population genetics of BRCA1 and BRCA2 // Am J Hum Genet — 1997, Vol. 60, P. 1013−1020.
- Taha A., Ball K. Smoking in Africa: the coming epidemic // World Smoking Health — 1982, Vol. 7, P. 25−30.
- Takita J., Yang H.W., Chen Y.Y., Hanada R., Yamamoto K., Teitz Т., Kidd V., Hayashi Y. Allelic imbalance on chromosome 2q and alterations of the caspase 8 gene in neuroblastoma // Oncogene — 2001, Vol. 20, P. 4424 — 4432.
- Thorburn A. Death receptor-induced cell killing // Cell Signal — 2004, Vol. 16, P. 139 — 144.
- Tinel A, Tschopp J. The PIDDosome, a protein complex implicated in activation of caspase-2 in response to genotoxic stress // Science — 2004, Vol. 304, P. 843 — 846.
- Toh C.K., Gao F., Lim W.T., Leong S.S., Fong K.W., Yap S.P., Hsu A.A., Eng P., Koong H.N., Thirugnanam A., Tan E.H. Never-smokers with lung cancer: epidemiologic evidence of a distinct disease entity // J Clin Oncol — 2006, Vol. 24, P. 2245 — 2251.
- Tokuhata G.K., Lilienfeld A.M. Familial aggregation of lung cancer in humans // J Natl Cancer Inst — 1963, Vol. 30, P. 289 — 312.
- Travis W.D., Lubin J., Ries L., Devesa S. United States lung carcinoma incidence trends: declining for most histologic types among males, increasing among females // Cancer -1996, Vol. 77, P. 2464−2470.
- Tschopp J., Irmler M., Thorn M. Inhibition of Fas death signals by Flip // Curr Opinlmmunol — 1998, Vol. 10, P. 552 — 558.
- Tyczynski J.E., Bray F., Parkin D.M. Lung cancer in Europe in 2000: epidemiology, prevention, and early detection // Lancet Oncol — 2003, Vol. 4, P. 45 — 55.
- Van de Craen M., Declercq W., Van den brande I., Fiers W., Vandenabeele P. The proteolytic procaspase activation network: an in vitro analysis // Cell Death Differ — 1999, Vol. 6, P. 1117−1124.
- Vaux D.L., Cory S., Adams J.M. Bcl-2 gene promotes hacmopoietic cell survival and cooperates with c-myc to immortalize pre-B cells // Nature — 1988, Vol. 335, P. 440 — 442.
- Vaux D.L., Silke J. lAPs, RINGs and ubiquitylation // Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol — 2005, Vol. 6, P. 287 — 297.
- Vaux D.L., Silke J. IAPs-the ubiquitin connection // Cell Death Differ — 2005a, Vol. 12, P. 1205 -1207.
- Verla-Tebit E., Wang-Gohrke S., Chang-ClaudeJ. CYP17 5'-UTR MspAl polymorphism and the risk of premenopausal breast cancer in a German population-based case-control study // Breast Cancer Res — 2005, Vol. 7, P. 455 — 464.
- Verma S., Zhao L.J., Chinnadurai G. Phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic protein BIK: mapping of phosphorylation sites and effect on apoptosis // J Biol Chem — 2001, Vol. 276, P. 4671 -4676.
- Wang L.E., Cheng L., Spitz M.R., Wei Q. Fas A670G polymorphism, apoptotic capacity in lymphocyte cultures, and risk of lung cancer // Lung Cancer — 2003, Vol. 42, P. 1 — 8.
- Wang L.E., Cheng L., Spitz M.R., Wei Q. Fas A670G polymorphism, apoptotic capacity in lymphocyte cultures, and risk of lung cancer // Lung Cancer — 2003, Vol. 42, P. 1 — 8.
- Warner K.E., Slade J. Low tar, high toll // Am J Public Health — 1992, Vol. 82, P. 17−18.
- WHO Classification of Tumours. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart // Edited by Travis W.D., Brambilla E., Muller-Hermelink H.K., Harris C.C. — 2004, Lyon (http://www.iarc.fr/WHO-BlueBooks/index.htmn.
- WHO Classification of Tumours. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Breast and Female Genital Organs // Edited by Jaffe E.S., Harris N.L., Stein H. and Vardiman J.W. -2001, (http://www.iarc.fr/WHQ-BlueBooks/index.htmn.
- World Health Organization — 1999, Annual report.
- Yach D, Wipfli H. A century of smoke // Ann Trop Med Parasitol — 2006, Vol. 100, P. 465 — 479.
- Yang Y., Fang S., Jensen J.P., Weissman A.M., Ashwell J.D. Ubiquitin protein ligase activity of IAPs and their degradation in proteasomes in response to apoptotic stimuli // Science — 2000, Vol. 288, P. 874 — 877.
- Yang Y.L., Li X.M. The IAP family: endogenous caspase inhibitors with multiple biological activities // Cell Res. — 2000, Vol. 10, P. 169 — 177.
- Yin C, Knudson СМ., Korsmeyer S J., Van Dyke T. Bax suppresses tumorigenesis and stimulates apoptosis in vivo // Nature — 1997, Vol. 385, P. 637 — 640.
- Zamzami N., Kroemer G. The mitochondrion in apoptosis: how Pandora’s box opens // Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol — 2001, Vol. 2, P. 67−71.
- Zhang X., Miao X., Sun Т., Tan W., Qu S., Xiong P., Zhou Y., Lin D. Functional polymorphisms in cell death pathway genes FAS and FASL contribute to risk of lung cancer // J Med Genet — 2005, Vol. 42, P. 479 — 484.
- Zhao H., Spitz M.R., Tomlinson G.E., Zhang H., Minna J.D., Wu X. Gamma-radiation- induced G2 delay, apoptosis, and p53 response as potential susceptibility markers for lung cancer // Cancer Res. — 2001, Vol. 61, P. 7819 — 7824.
- Zhivotovsky В., Orrenius S. Carcinogenesis and apoptosis: paradigms and paradoxes // Carcinogenesis — 2006, Vol. 27, P. 1939 — 1945.
- Zhivotovsky В., Samali A., Gahm A., Orrenius S. Caspases: their intracellular localization and translocation during apoptosis // Cell Death Differ — 1999, Vol. 6, P. 644 -651.
- Zhu B.T., Conney A.H. Functional role of estrogen metabolism in target cells: review and perspectives // Carcinogenesis — 1998, Vol. 19, P. 1 — 27.
- Zou H., Henzel W.J., Liu X., Lutschg A., Wang X. Apaf-1, a human protein homologous to C. elegans CED-4, participates in cytochrome c-dependent activation of caspase-3 // Cell — 1997, Vol. 90, P. 405−413.
- Imyanitov E.N. Use of elderly tumor-free subjects as a «supercontrol» for cancer epidemiological studies: pros and cons // Mech Ageing Dev — 2008, Vol.
- Costa S., Pinto D., Pereira D., Rodrigues H., Cameselle-Teijeiro J., Medeiros R., Schmitt F. Importance of TP53 codon 72 and intron 3 duplication 16bp polymorphisms in prediction of susceptibility on breast cancer // BMC Cancer — 2008, Vol. 8, P. 32.