Ортопедо-хирургическое лечение мобильной эквино-плано-вальгусной деформации стоп у детей с детским церебральным параличом
Диссертация
Применение корригирующей остеотомии пяточной кости привело к полному устранению болевого синдрома у больных обеих возрастных групп, к снижению частоты жалоб на ощущение усталости в нижних конечностях на 71,6% среди пациентов 3−8 лет и на 71,9% среди больных 9−17 лет, а также к улучшению двигательных возможностей на 1,0 балл в младшей группе и 0,8 балла в старшей. Коррекция… Читать ещё >
Список литературы
- Бадалян JI.O. — Детская неврология. М.: МеДпресс-информ. — 2001. — 607 с.
- Бадалян JI.O. — Электронейромиография в детской неврологической клинике / Бадалян JI.O., Скворцов И. А. // Журнал невропатологии и психиатрии.- 1980.- Т. 80, Вып. 10.- С. 1441−1445.
- Гузева В.И. с соавт. — Руководство по детской неврологии. — Санкт-Петербург., 1998. 494 с.
- Данилов А.А. — Хирургическое лечение контрактур тазобедренных суставов у больных церебральным параличом / Данилов А. А., Горелик В. В. // Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование. — 2005. № 2. — С. 29−33.
- Журавлев A.M. — Хирургическая коррекция позы и ходьбы при детском церебральном параличе. — Дисс. д-ра мед. наук. / Журавлёв A.M. Москва.- 1998.-62 с.
- Клименко В.А. Двигательные нарушения и сопутствующие синдромы у детей с церебральными параличами, их коррекция и профилактика в условиях ортопедического стационара: Автореф. Дис.. д-ра мед. наук / Клименко В.А.
- Санкт-Петербург, 1993. 78 с.
- Ковалис Б.И. — Сравнительная оценка открытого и закрытого методов ахиллотомии // Труды 1-ой конференции молодых учёных по вопросам ортопедии и травматологии. Москва. — 1963. — С. 206−210.
- Кожевникова В.Т. Современные технологии в комплексной физической реабилитации больных детским церебральным параличом. — Москва. — 2005.-238 с.
- Конюхов М.П., с соавт. — Врождённые и приобретённые деформации стоп у детей и подростков: пособие для врачей. / Конюхов М. П., Лапкин Ю. А., Клычкова И. Ю., Дрожжина Л. А. — Санкт-Петербург. — 2000. — 48 с.
- Кутузов А.П. — Костно-пластические операции на стопе и коленном суставе у больных детским церебральным параличом. Методические рекомендации. — Санкт-Петербург. — 2000. — 16 с.
- Кутузов А.П. Особенности комплексного ортопедо-хирургического лечения детей с церебральными параличами: пособие для врачей. — Санкт-Петербург. — 1997. — 24 с.
- Кутузов А.П. Дистракционный метод лечения контрактур голеностопного сустава и деформаций стопы у детей с церебральными спастическими параличами: Автореф. Дисс. канд. мед. наук / Кутузов А. П. — Ленинград. -1983.-64 с.
- Лильин Е.Т. — Использование препаратов ботулотоксина, А в комплексной реабилитации детей с нарушениями опорно-двигательного аппарата: пособие для врачей. Москва. — 2008. — 96 с.
- Турнера. Санкт-Петербург. — 1993. — С. 9−10.
- Мирзоева И.И. -Ортопедия детей первого года жизни / Мирзоева И. И., Конюхов М. П. // Ленинград., Медицина. — 1983. — 127 с.
- Ненько A.M. Санаторно-курортное лечение детей с детским церебральным параличом: методические указания / Ненько A.M., с соавт. // Евпаторийский центральный детский клинический санаторий МО СССР. —Ленинград. — Евпатория. — 1990. — 26 с.
- Никитина М.Н. — Детский церебральный паралич. — Москва., Медицина. 1979. — 118 с.
- Перхурова И.С. Регуляция позы и ходьбы при детском церебральном параличе и некоторые способы коррекции / Перхурова И. С., Лузинович В. М., Сологубов Е. Г. // Москва. — Книжная палата. — 1996. — 248 с.
- Пигин В.М. — Спирт-новокаиновые блокады при лечении контрактур у детей с церебральными параличами. Методические рекомендации. —Ленинград. -1982.-12 с.
- Садофьева В.И. — Нормальная рентгено-анатомия костно-суставной системы детей. — Ленинград., Медицина. — 1990. — 216 с.
- Семенова К.А. — Клиника и реабилитационная терапия детских церебральных параличей / Семенова К. А., Мастюкова Е. М., Смуглин М. Я. // Москва., Медицина. 1972. — 328 с.
- Степаненко А.Ю. — Дорзальная селективная ризотомия в лечении спастических форм детского церебрального паралича: Дисс.канд. мед. наук. / Степаненко А. Ю. Москва. — 1995. -208 с.
- Умнов В.В. — Комплексное ортопедо-нейрохирургическое лечение больных спастическими параличами: Дисс.. д-ра мед. наук / Умнов В. В. — Санкт-Петербург. -2009. 259 с.
- Умнов В.В. — Коррекция эквинусной деформации стопы у больных спастическими параличами. Методические рекомендации. — Санкт-Петербург. — 2007.-21 с.
- Умханов Х.А. — Система ортопедо-хирургического лечения детей с церебральными параличами: Дисс.. д-ра мед. наук. / Умханов Х. А. — Ленинград. 1985.-491 с.
- Умханов Х.А. — Аппаратно-хирургическая коррекция множественных контрактур и деформаций нижних конечностей у детей с церебральными спастическими параличами. Методические рекомендации. / Умханов Х. А., Яковлева В. Н. Ленинград. — 1982. — 24 с.
- Шашурина В.Н. Ранняя диагностика детских церебральных параличей / Новое в детской ортопедии и травматологии: Сборник научных трудов. — Санкт-Петербург. — 1993. — С.167−168.
- Adams S.B.Jr. — Calcaneocuboid joint subluxation after calcaneal lengthening for planovalgus foot deformity in children with cerebral palsy / Adams S.B.Jr., Simpson A.W., Pugh L.I., Stasikelis P.J. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 2009 Mar- Vol. 29 (2): 170 174.
- Aiona M.D. Treatment of spastic diplegia in patients with cerbral palsy: Part II / Aiona M.D., Sussman M.D. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. Br. 2004- 13: S13-S38.
- Aiona M.D. Triple arthrodesis in cerebral palsy: long-term results / Orthop. Trans. 1993- 16: 626.
- Alban S.L. Subtalar arthrodesis utilizing autogenous calcaneal grafts. / Al-ban S.L., Alban H., Fixler R.H., p. 133 // J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. 1975- 57: 132−139.
- Albright A.L. — Intrathecal baclofen in cerebral palsy movement disorders / J. Child. Neurol. 1996- 11: S29-S35.
- Albright A.L. — Intrathecal baclofen for spasticity in cerebral palsy / Albright A.L., Cervi A., Singlrtary J. // JAMA 1991- 265: 1418−1422.
- Albright A.L. Selective posterior rhizotomies for spasticity in children // Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics 1990- Vol. 2, № 1: 54−58.
- Alman B.A. Subtalar arthrodesis for stabilization of valgus hindfoot in patients with cerebral palsy / Alman B.A., Craig L.L., Zimbler S. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 1993- 13: 634−641.
- Anderson M.J. — Compressive mechanical properties of human cancellous bone after gamma irradiation / Anderson M.J., Keyak J.H., Skinner H.B. // J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. 1992- 74: 747−752.
- Andreacchio A. — Lateral column lengthening as treatment for planovalgus foot deformity in ambulatory children with spastic cerebral palsy / Andreacchio A. et al. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 2000- 20: 501−505.
- Baddar A. Ankle and knee coupling in patients with spastic diplegia: effects of gastrocnemius-soleus lengthening / Baddar A. et al. // J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. 2002- 84: 736−744.
- Baker L.D. Foot alignment in the cerebral palsy patient / Baker L.D., Hill L.M. // J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. 1964- 46: 1−15.-18 547. Baker L.D. Triceps surae syndrome in cerebral palsy: an operation to aid inits relief//Arch. Surg. 1954- 68: 216−221.
- Barany M. Quantitative and qualitative fat analysis in human leg muscle of neuromuscular diseases by 1H MR spectroscopy in vivo / Barany M. et al. // Magn. Reson. Med. 1989, May- 10 (2): 210−226.
- Barrasso J.A. — Extraarticular subtalar arthrodesis with internal fixation / Bar-rasso J.A., Wile P.B., Gage J.R. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 1984, Sep- 4 (5): 555−559.
- Baroncini M. — Anatomical bases of tibial neurotomy for treatment of spastic foot / Baroncini M., et al. // Surg. Radiol. Anat. 2008, Aug- 30 (6): 503−508.
- Baumann J.U. Ventrale aponeurotische Verlaangerung des musculus gastrocnemius / Baumann J.U., Koch H.G. // Operat. Orthop. Traumatol. 1989- 1: 254 258.
- Baumann J.U. — Operative Behandlung der infantilen Zerebralparesen // Stuttgart: Georg Thieme, 1970: 28−29.
- Beguiristain-Gurpide J.L. Clinical logic in orthopaedic surgery for cerebral palsy // Rev. Neurol. 2003, Jun- 1−15, № 37 (1): 51−54.
- Bennet G.C. — Varus and valgus deformities of the foot in cerebral palsy / Bennet G.C., Rang M., Jones D. // Dev. Med. Child. Neurol. 1982- 24: 499.
- Ben Smail D. Clinical evaluation of spasticity / Ben Smail D., Kiefer C., Bussel B. //Neurochirurgie. 2003, May- 49 (2−3 Pt 2): 190−198.
- Berger W. Pathophysiology of gait in children with cerebral palsy / Berger W., Quintern J., Dietz V. // EEG Clin. Neurophysiol. 1982- № 53: 538−548.
- Biedermann R. — High recurrence after calf lengthening with the Ilizarov apparatus for treatment of spastic equinus foot deformity / Biedermann R., et al. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. Br. 2007- 16: 125−128.
- Bjornson K. Botulinum toxin for spasticity in children with cerebral palsy: a comprehensive evaluation / Bjornson K., et al. // Pediatrics 2007- № 120: 49−58.-18 659. Blair E. Issues in the classification and epidemiology of cerebral palsy /
- Blair E., Stanley F.J. // Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. 1997- № 3: 184−193.
- Bodine-Fowler S.C. — Time course of muscle atrophy and recovery following a phenol-induced nerve blok / Bodine-Fowler S.C., Allsing S., Botte M.J. // Muscle Nerve 1996- 19: 497−504.
- Booth C.M. Collagen accumulation in muscles of children with cerebral palsy and correlation with severity of spasticity / Booth C.M., Cortina-Boija M.J., Theologis T.N. // Dev. Med. Child. Neurol. 2001- May 43 (5): 314−320.
- Borton D.C. Isolated calf lengthening in cerebral palsy: outcome analysis of risk factors / Borton D.C., et al. // J. Bone Jt. Surg. Br. 2001- 83-B: 364−370.
- Bottinelli R. Force-velocity properties of human skeletal muscle fibres: myosin heavy chain isoform and temperature dependence / Bottinelli R., Canepari M., Pellegrino M.A., Reggiani C. // J. Physiol. 1996- № 495: 573−586.
- Bourelle S. Extra-articular subtalar arthrodesis. A long-term follow-up in patients with cerebral palsy / Bourelle S., Cottalorda J., Gautheron V., Chavrier Y. // J. Bone Jt. Surg. Br. 2004- 86: 737−742.
- Bhan S. Subtalar arthrodesis for flexible hindfoot deformities in children / Bhan S., Malhotra R. //Arch. Orthop. Trauma. Surg. 1998- 117 (6−7): 312−315.
- Bratberg J.J. — Extra-articular arthrodesis of the subtalar joint: a clinical study and review / Bratberg J.J., Scheer G.E. // Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 1977- Jul-Aug, (126): 220−224.
- Buffenoir K. — Spastic equinus foot: multicenter study of the long-term results of tibial neurotomy / Buffenoir K. et al. // Neurosurgery. 2004- Nov, 55 (5): 11 301 137.-18 769. Bunning P. S.C. A comparison of adult and fetal talocalcaneal articulations /
- Bunning P. S.C., Barnett C.H. // J. Anat. 1965- 99: 71−76.
- Campbell S.K. Central nervous system dysfunction in children. In: Campbell S.K., ed. / Pediatric Neurologic Physical Therapy. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone Inc- 1984: 1−12.
- Carlberg E.B. Postural dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy: some implications for therapeutic guidance / Carlberg E.B., Hadders M. // Neural. Plast. 2005- № 12 (2−3): 221−228.
- Chen S. Ultrastructural study on the peripheral nerve and skeletal muscle of patients with spastic cerebral palsy / Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2000- Aug, 38 (8): 613−616.
- Conti S.F. Osteolysis of structural autograft after calcaneocuboid distraction arthrodesis for stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction / Conti S.F., Wong Y.S. // Foot Ankle Int. 2002- 23: 521−529.
- Craig J.J. The importance of gastrocnemius recession in the correction of equinus deformity in cerebral palsy / Craig J .J., Van Vuren J. // J. Bone Jt. Surg. Br. 1976- Feb, 58-B: 84−87.
- Crawford A.H. — Subtalar stabilization of the planovalgus foot by staple ar-throereisis in young children who have neuromuscular problems. // Crawford A.H., Kucharzyk D., Roy D.R., Bilbo J. // J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. 1990- 72: 840−845.
- Cullu E. — A comparison of the effect of doxorubicin and phenol on the sceletal muscle. May doxorubicin be a new alternative treatment agent for spasticity // Cullu E., Ozkan I., Culhaci N., Bulent A. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 2005- 14: 134−138.
- Damron T.A. — Chronologic outcome of tendoachilles lengthening and natural history of gastroc-soleus contracture in cerebral palsy patients: a two-part study / Damron T.A., Greenwald T.A. Breed A.L. // Clin. Orthop. 1994- 301: 249.
- Danko A.M. Early graft failure in lateral column lengthening / Danko A.M., Ben Allen Jr., Pugh L., Stasikelis P. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 2004- 24: 716−720.
- Davids J.R. Quantitative segmental analisis of weight-bearing radiographs of foot and ankle for children: normal alignment / Davids J.R., Gibson T.W., Pugh L.I. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 2005- 25: 769−776.
- Davitt J.S. Plantar pressure and radiographic changes after distal calcaneal lengthening in children and adolescents / Davitt J.S., Mac Williams B.A., Armstrong P.F. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 2001- 21: 70- 75.
- Decq Ph. Pathophysiology of spasticity // 2003- 163−184.
- Decq Ph. Peripheral neurotomies for the treatment of local spasticity of the limbs//2003- 293−305.
- Decq Ph. Soleus neurotomy for treatment of the spastic equinus foot / Decq P., Filipetti P., Cubillos A., et al Groupe d’Evaluation et de Traitement de la Spastic-ite et de la Dystonie // Neurosurgery 2000- 47: 1154−1160, 1160−1161.
- Delp S.L. — Preserving plantar flexion strength after surgical treatment for contracture of the triceps surae: a computer simulation study / Delp S.L., Statler K., Carroll N.C. // J. Orthop. Res. 1995- 13: 96−104.
- Deltombe T. — Soleus H reflex and motor unit number estimation after tibial nerve block and neurotomy in patients with spastic equinus foot / Deltombe Т., Ja-mart J., Hanson P., Gustin T. //Neurophysiol. Clin. 2008- Aug, 38 (4): 227−233.
- Dennyson W.G. Subtalar arthrodesis by cancellous grafts and metallic internal fixation / Dennyson W.G., Fulford G.E. // J. Bone Jt. Surg. 1976- Vol. 58-B. № 4: 507−510.
- Dogan A. The results of calcaneal lengthening osteotomy for the treatment of flexible pes planovalgus and evaluation of alignment of the foot / Dogan A., Albay-rak M., Akman Y.E., Zorer G. // Acta Orthop. Traumatol. Turc. 2006- 40 (5): 356 366.
- Domagalska M. «The inhibiting casts» used in cerebral palsed children / Do-magalska M., et al. // Ortop. Traumatol. Rehabil. 2006- Jun 30, 8 (3): 291−299.
- El O. — Botulinum toxin A injection for spasticity in diplegic-type cerebral palsy / El O. et al. // J. Child. Neurol. 2006- Dec, 21 (12): 1009−1012.
- Engsberg J.R. Effect of selective dorsal rhizotomy in the treatment of children with cerebral palsy / Engsberg J.R., Ross S.A., Collins D.R., Park T.S. // J. Neu-rosurg. 2006- July, 105 (1 Suppl): 8−15.
- Engstrom A. The results of extra-articular subtalar arthrodesis according to the Green-Grice method in cerebral palsy / Engstrom A., Erikson U., Hjelmstedt A. // Acta Orthopaedica (Scan) 1974- 45 6: 945−951.
- Eroglu M. Results of Grice operation in cerebral palsy patients / Eroglu M., Kapubagli A., Karagoz M. // Acta Orthop. Traumatol. Turc. 1990- Vol 24, No 1:1−4.
- Evans D. Calcaneo-valgus deformity / J. Bone Jt. Surg. Br. 1975- 57: 270 178.
- Feve A. Physiological effects of selective tibial neurotomy on lower limb spasticity / Feve A. et al. // J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 1997- 63: 575−578.
- Filipetty P. Interest of anesthetic blocks for assessment of the spastic patient. A series of 815 motor blocks / Filipetty P., Decq Ph. 2003- 226−238.
- McNee A.E., Shortland A.P. // J. Ped. Orthop. 2007- Vol 27, № 7: 769−774.
- Gaines R.W. — A systemic approach to the amount of Achilles tendon lengthening in cerebral palsy / Gaines R.W., Ford T.B. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 1984- 4: 448 451.
- Gallien R. Subtalar arthrodesis in children / Gallien R., Morin F., Marquis F. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 1989- Jan-Feb, 9 (1): 59−63.
- Ghasia F. Frequency and severity of visual sensory and motor deficits in children with cerebral palsy: gross motor function classification scale / Ghasia F., Brunstrom J., Gordon M., Tychsen L. // Inv. Ophth. Vis. Sci. 2008- № 49: 572−580.
- Glancy G.L. — Autograft versus allograft for benign lesions in children / Glancy G.L., Brugioni D.J., Eilert R.E., Chang F.M. // Clin. Orthop. 1991- 262: 2833.
- Gormley M.E. — Treatment of neuromuscular and musculoskeletal problems in cerebral palsy // Jr. Pediatr. Rehabil. 2001- № 4 (1): 5−16.
- Gough M. // Botulinum toxin and cerebral palsy: time for reflection? / Gough M., Fairhurst C., Shortland A.P. // Dev. Med. Child. Neurol. 2005- Oct, 47 (10): 709 712.
- Graham H.K. — Lengthening of the calcaneal tendon in spastic hemiplegia by the White slide technique: a long-term review / Graham H.K., Fixsen J.A. // J. Bone Jt. Surg. 1988- 70-B: 472.
- Grant A.D. — Equinus deformity in cerebral palsy: a retrospective analysis of treatment and function in 39 cases / Grant A.D., Feldman R., Lehman W.B. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 1985- 5 (6): 678−681.
- Grice D.S. An extra-articular arthrodesis of the subastragal joint for correction of paralytic flat feet in children / J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. 1952- 34: 927−956.
- Gross R.H. A clinical study of the Batchelor subtalar arthrodesis / J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. 1976- 58: 343−349.
- Guven M. — The results of the Grice subtalar extra-articular arthrodesis for pes planovalgus deformity in patients with cerebral palsy / Guven M. et al. // Acta. Orthop. Traumatol. Turc. 2008- 42 (1): 31−37.
- Hamer A.J. — Changes in allograft bone irradiated at different temperatures // Hamer A.J., Stockley I., Elson R.A. // J. Bone Jt. Surg. Br. 1999- 81: 342−344.
- Hamer A.J. — Biomechanical properties of cortical allograft bone using a new method of bone strength measurements. A comparison of fresh, freshfrozen and irradiated bone / Hamer A.J. et al. // J. Bone Jt. Surg. Br. 1996- 78-B: 363−368.
- Heinen F. Absence of transcallosal inhibition in adolescents with diplegic cerebral palsy / Heinen F., et al. // Muscle Nerve. 1999- Feb, 22 (2): 255−257.
- Herring J.A. Flexible flatfoot (pes planovalgus). In: Herring J.A., Tachdjian’s pediatric orthopaedics, Vol. 2, 3rd ed. / Philadelphia: Saunders W.B.- 2002: 908−917.
- Herzenberg J.E. Isolated recession of the gastrocnemius muscle: the Baumann procedure / Herzenberg J.E., Lamm B.M., Corwin C., Sekel J. // Foot Ankle Int. 2007- 28(11): 1154−1159.
- Hoke M. An operation for stabilizing paralytic feet / J. Orthop. Surg. 1921- 3: 494.
- Howie C.R. A modified technique for subtalar arthrodesis / Howie C.R., Ful-ford G.E., Stewart K. // J. Bone Jt. Surg. Br. 1989- 71-B: 533.-192 122. Hsu L.C.S. The Batchelor-Grice extra-articular subtalar arthrodesis / Hsu
- C.S., Jaffray D., Leong J.C.Y. // J. Bone Jt. Surg. 1986- Jan, Vol. 68-B, № 1: 125 127.
- HSU L.C.S. Valgus deformity of the ankle resulting from fibular resection for a graft in subtalar fusion in children / Hsu L.C.S., Yau A.C.M.C., O’Brien J.P., Hodgson A.R. // J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. 1972- 54: 585−594.
- Hufschmidt A. — Chronic transformation of muscles spasticity: a peripheral contribution to increased tone / Hufschmidt A., Mauritz K.H. // J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 1985- № 48: 676−685.
- Huppertz R. Grice’s method of subtalar arthrodesis — long term results of 63 operations / Huppertz R., Kaps H.P. // Z. Orthop. Ihre. Grenzgeb. 1991- Jan-Feb, 129 (1): 57−61.
- Irie N. (1999). — In: Скворцов И. А. — Развитие нервной системы у детей в норме и патологии / И. А. Скворцов., Н. А. Ермоленко // Москва.- МеДпресс — информ. 2003. — 368 с.
- Jahss М.Н. The subtalar complex. In: Jahss M.H., ed. / Disorders of the Foot and Ankle. Meddical and Surgical Management. Philadelphia.: Saunders W.B.- 1991: 1335.
- Javors J.R. The Vulpius procedure for correction of equinus deformity in cerebral palsy / Javors J.R., Klaaren H.E. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 1987, Mar-Apr- 7 (2): 191−193.
- Jerey K.J. Local bone-graft technique for subtalar extraarticular arthrodesis in cerebral palsy / Jeray K.J., Jamie R., Ferguson R.L. / J. Pediatr. Orthop. 1998- 18 (1): 75−80.
- Johnston M.V. Cerebral palsy / Johnston M.V., Hoon A.H. // Jr. Neuro-molecular. Med. 2006- № 8 (4): 435−450.
- Kitaoka H.B. Clinical rating systems for the anklehindfoot, midfoot, hallux, and lesser toes / Kitaoka H.B. et al. // Foot Ankle Int. 1994- 15: 349−353.
- Koman L.A. Botulinum toxin type A neuromuscular blockade in the treatment of equinus foot deformity in cerebral palsy: a multicenter, open-label clinical trial / Koman L.A., et al. // Pediatrics 2001- № 108: 1062−1071.
- Koman L.A. — Neuromuscular blokade in the management of cerebral palsy / Koman L.A., Moony J.F., Smith B.P. // J. Child. Neurol. 1996- 11 (suppl 1): S23-S28.
- Koman L.A. — Management of valgus hindfoot deformity in pediatric cerebral palsy patients by medial displacement osteotomy / Koman L.A., Mooney J.F. Ill, Goodman A. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 1993- Mar-Apr, 13 (2): 180−183.
- Koman L.A. Management of cerebral palsy with botulinum-A toxin: preliminary investigation // Koman L.A., Moony J.F. Ill, Smith B. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 1993- 13: 489−495.
- Kuhns C.A. Growth rates in skeletally immature feet after triple arthrodesis / Kuhns C.A., et al. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 2003- 23: 488−492.
- Kwak Y.H. — Use of allograft in skeletally immature patients for calcaneal neck lengthening osteotomy // Kwak Y.H., Park K.B., Park H.W., Kim H.W. // Yon-sei. Med. J. 2008- 49 (1): 79−83.
- Laaveg S.J. — Long-term results of treatment of congenital club foot / Laaveg S.J., Ponseti I.V. // J. Bone Jt. Surg. 1980- Jan, 62-A: 23−31.
- Lelievre J. — Pathologic du pied. Physiologie-clinique. Traitement medical, orthopedique et chirurgical. Paris: Masson, 1971: 445−446.
- Lespargot A. Is surgery of the tendons of the knee flexor muscles justified in cerebral palsy? // Lespargot A. et al. // Rev. Chir. Orthop. Reparatrice. Appar. Mot. 1989- № 75: 532−536.
- Loubser P.G. — Neurolytic interventions for upper extremity spasticity associated with head injury // Reg. Anesth. 1997- 22: 386−387.
- Markin H.J. — Long-term results of allograft replacement in management of bone tumors / Markin H.J. et al. // Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 1996- 324: 86−97.
- McCall R.E. The Grice extraarticular subtalar arthrodesis: a clinical review / McCall R.E., Lillich J.S., Harris J.R., Johnston F.A. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 1985- Jul-Aug, 5 (4): 442−445.
- McLaughlin J. Selective dorsal rhizotomy: meta-analysis of three randomized controlled trials // McLaughlin J., et al. // Dev. Med. Child. Neurol. 2002- 44: 17−25.
- McNee A.E. — The effect of serial casting on gait in children with cerebral palsy: preliminary results from a crossover trial / McNee A.E. et al. // Gait Posture. 2007- Mar, 25 (3): 463−468.
- Miller F. Cerebral palsy. New York: Springer, 2005: 1055.
- Miller H. — Treatment of severe spasticity: results of a multicenter trial conducted in Germany involving the intrathecal infusion of baclofen by an implantable drug delivery system / Dev. Med. Child. Neurol. 1992- 34: 739−745.
- Molenaers G. — The effects of quantitative gait assessment and botulinum toxin-A on musculoskeletal surgery in children with cerebral palsy / Molenaers G.,
- Desloovere К., Fabry G., De Cock P. // J. Bone Jt. Surg. 2006- Vol. 88-A, № 1: 161 170.
- Mooney J.F. — Pharmacologic management of spasticity in cerebral palsy / Mooney J.F. Ill, Koman L.A., Smith B.P. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 2003- 23: 679−686.
- Mortens J. Early stabilizing operation for spastic talipes equino-valgus by Grice’s extra-articular osteoplastic subtalar arthrodesis / Mortens J., Moller H., Sal-monsen L. // Acta Orthopaedica (Scan) 1962- 32: 1, 485−491.
- Mosca V.S. — Calcaneal lengthening for valgus deformity of the hindfoot. Results in children who had severe, symptomatic flatfoot and skewfoot / J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. 1995- 77: 500−512.
- Mosca VS. Flexible flatfoot and skewfoot / J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. 1995- 77: 1937−1945.
- Nordmark E. — Long-term outcomes five years after selective dorsal rhizotomy / Nordmark E. et al. // BMC Pediatrics 2008- 8: 54.
- Olney B.W. Treatment of spastic equinus by aponeurosis lengthening / Olney B.W., Williams P.F., Menelaus M.B. // J. Pediat. Orthop. 1988- 8: 422−425.
- Park K.B. Changes in dynamic foot pressure after surgical treatment of valgus deformity of the hindfoot in cerebral palsy / Park K.B. et al. // J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. 2008- Aug, 90 (8): 1712−1721.
- Pirani S.P. Extraarticular subtalar arthrodesis: the dowel method / Pirani S.P., Tredwell S.J., Beauchamp R.D. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 1990- Mar-Apr, 10 (2): 244−247.
- Poumarat G. — Comparison of mechanical properties of human, bovine bone and a new processed bone xenograft / Poumarat G., Squire P. // Biomaterials 1993- 14: 337−340.
- Ragab A.A. Implications of subtalar joint anatomic variation in calcaneal lengthening osteotomy / Ragab A.A., Stewart S.L., Cooperman D.R. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 2003- 23: 79−83.
- Rattey Т.Е. Recurrence after Achilles tendon lengthening in cerebral palsy / Rattey Т.Е. et al. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 1993- 13: 184−187.
- Renaudin E. Is surgery of the hip adductor muscles justified in children with cerebral palsy? / Renaudin E., Khouri N., Robert M., Lespargot A. // Rev. Chir. Orthop. Reparatrice. Appar. Mot. 1994- № 80: 108−112.
- Renshaw T.S. Cerebral palsy: orthopaedic management / Renshaw T.S., Green N.E., Griffin P.P., Root L. // J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. 1995- 77: 1590−1606.
- Ricks N.R. Effects of inhibitory casts and orthoses on bony alignment of foot and ankle during weight-bearing in children with spasticity / Ricks N.R., Eilert R.E. // Dev. Med. Child. Neurol. 1993- 35: 11−16.
- Ritterbusch J.F. Pediatric foot. In: Mizel M.S., Miller R.A., Scioli M.W. ed. // Illinois: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons- 1998: 65−78.
- Ross P.M. The Grice procedure: indications and evaluation of long-term results / Ross P.M., Lyne E.D. // Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 1980- 153: 194−200.
- Ryerson E.W. // Arthrodesing operations on the feet / J. Bone Jt. Surg. 1923- Jul, 5:453−471.
- Saltzman C.L. Triple arthrodesis: twenty-five and forty-four-year average follow-up of the same patients / Saltzman C.L. et al. // J. Bone Jt. Surg. 1999- 81: 1391−1402.
- Sanchez A.A. — Subtalar staple arthroereisis for planovalgus foot deformity in children with neuromuscular disease / Sanchez A.A., Rathjen K.E., Mubarak S.J. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 1999- 19 (1): 34−38.
- Saraph V. The Baumann procedure for fixed contracture of the gastrosoleus in cerebral palsy. Evaluation of function of the ankle after multilevel surgery / V. Saraph E.B., et al. // J. Bone Jt. Surg. Br. 2000- 82-B: 535−540.
- Scott S.M. Grice subtalar arthrodesis followed to skeletal maturity / Scott S.M., Janes P.C., Stevens P.M. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 1988- Mar-Apr- 8 (2): 176−183.
- Segal L.S. Calcaneal gait in spastic diplegia after heel cord lengthening: a study with gait analysis / Segal L.S., et al. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 1989- 9: 697.
- Seymour N. — A modification of the Grice subtalar arthrodesis / Seymour N., Evans D.K., Sheffield // J. Bone Jt. Surg. Br. 1968- Vol. 50-B, № 2, May: 372−375.
- Sharrard W.J.W. Equinus deformity in cerebral palsy: a comparison between elongation of the tendo calcaneus and gastrocnemius recession / Sharrard W.J.W., Bernstein S. // J. Bone. Jt. Surg. Br. 1972- 54-B: 272−276.
- Silfverskiold N. — Reduction of the uncrossed two joint muscles of the leg to onejoint muscles in spastic conditions / Acta Chir. Scand. 1923- 56: 315−330.
- Silver C.M. Calcaneal osteotomy for valgus and varus deformities of the foot in cerebral palsy: a preliminary report on twenty-seven operations / Silver C.M. et al. // J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. 1967- 49: 232−246.
- Sindou M.P. Selective peripheral neurotomy (SPN) for spasticity in childhood / Sindou M.P., Simon F., Mertens P., Decq P. // Childs. Nerv. Syst. 2007- Sep, 23 (9): 957−970.
- Sindou M. Microsurgical ablative procedures in the peripheral nerves and dorsal root entry zone for relief of focal spasticity in the limbs / Sindou M., Mertens P., Jeanmonod D. // Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg. 1990- 54−55: 140−146.
- Sindou M. — Selective neurotomy of the tibial nerve for treatment of the spastic foot / Sindou M., Biol S.C., Mertens P. //Neurosurgery 1988- Vol. 23, № 6: 739−744.
- Smetana V. — Personal experience with the Grice operation in patients with cerebral palsy // Smetana V., Schejbalov A. // Acta Chir. Orthop. Traumatol. Cech. 1994- 61 (1): 34−38.
- Smith P.A. Sta-Peg arthroereisis for treatment of the planovalgus foot in cerebral palsy / Smith P.A., Millar E.A., Sullivan R.C. // Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg. 2000- Jul, 17 (3): 459−469.
- Steinbok P. — A randomized clinical trial to compare selective posterior rhizotomy plus physiotherapy with physiotherapy alone in children with spastic di-plegic cerebral palsy // Steinbok P. et al. // Dev. Med. Child Neur. 1997- 39: 178−184.
- Steinwender G. — Fixed and dynamic equinus in cerebral palsy: evaluation of ankle function after multilevel surgery / Steinwender G. et al. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 2001- Jan-Feb, 21 (1): 102−107.
- Strayer L.M. Gastrocnemius recession: five-year report of cases / J. Bone. Jt. Surg. Am. 1958- Oct, 40: 1019−1030.
- Tardieu C. Muscle hypoextensibility in children with cerebral palsy: clinical and experimental observations / Tardieu C., Huet de la Tour E., Bret M.D., Tardieu G. // Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 1982- № 63: 97−102.
- Tardieu G. Selective partial denervation by alcohol injections and their results in spasticity / Tardieu G., Tardieu C., Hariga J. // Reconstr. Surg. Traumatol. 1972- № 13: 18−36.
- Tenuta J. // Long-term follow-up of triple arthrodesis in patients with cerebral palsy / Tenuta J., Shelton Y.A., Miller F. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 1993- Nov-Dec, 13 (6): 713−716.
- Tsuchiya H. — Gradual closed correction of equinus contracture using the Ilizarov apparatus / Tsuchiya H. et al. // J. Orthop. Sci. 2003- 8: 802−806.
- Van Den Hecke A. — Mechanical work, energetic cost and gait efficiency in children with cerebral palsy / Van Den Hecke A., et al. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 2007- № 27: 643−647.
- Van der Heide J.C. — Postural control during reaching in preterm children with cerebral palsy /Van der Heide J.C. et al. // Dev. Med. Child. Neurol. 2004- № 46: 253−266.
- Vedantam R. — Subtalar arthroereisis for the correction of planovalgus foot in children with neuromuscular disorders / Vedantam R., Capelli A.M., Schoenecker P.L. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 1998- May/June, 18 (3): 294−298.
- Viel E. — Alcohol neurolytic blocks for pain and muscle spasticity / Viel E. et al. //Neurochirurgie 2003- Vol. 49, № 2−3: 256−264.
- Wang G. Effect of temperature on elementary steps of the cross-bridge cycle in rabbit soleus slow-twitch muscle fibres // Wang G., Kawai M. // J. Physiol. 2001- № 531:219−234.
- Ward A.B. Spasticity treatment with botulinum toxins / J. Neural. Transm. 2008- 115(4): 607−616.
- Waters J.F. Electromyographic gait analysis before and after operative treatment for hemiplegic equinus and equinovarus deformity / Frazier W.J., Garland D.E., Jordan C., Perry J. // J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. 1982- 64: 284−288.
- Westbom L. Cerebral palsy in a total population of 4−11 year olds in southern Sweden. Prevalence and distribution according to different CP classification systems / Westbom L., Hagglund G., Nordmark E. // BMC Pediatrics 2007.
- Woo R. Spasticity: orthopedic perspective / J. Child. Neurol. 2001- Jan, 16 (1): 47−53.
- Wright F.V. Evaluation of selective dorsal rhizotomy for the reduction of spasticity in cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial // Wright F.V. et al. // Dev. Med. Child. Neurol. 1998- 40: 239−247.
- Yngve D.A. Vulpius and Z-Lengthening / Yngve D.A., Chambers C.M.S. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 1996- November/December, 16 (6): 759−764.
- Yoo W.J. — Calcaneal lengthening for the piano valgus foot deformity in children with cerebral palsy / Yoo W.J. et al. // J. Pediatr. Orthop. 2005- 25: 781−785.
- Yoshimoto M. Heel cord advancement combined with Vulpius' lengthening of the gastrocnemius 11 Yoshimoto M. et al. // Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 2005- May, 434: 213−216.
- Zeifang F. Evans calcaneal lengthening procedure for spastic flexible flatfoot in 32 patients (46 feet) with a followup of 3 to 9 years / Zeifang F., Breusch S.J., Dderlein L. // Foot Ankle Int. 2006- Jul, 27 (7): 500−507.
- Zorer G. Dennyson-Fulford subtalar extra-articular arthrodesis in the treatment of paralytic pes planovalgus and its value in the alignment of the foot / Zorer G., Bagatur A.E., Dogan A., Unlu T. // Acta. Orthop. Traumato. Turc. 2003- 37: 162−169.
- Zwick E.B. Classification of eqinus in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy-discrimination between dynamic tightness and fixed contracture / Zwick E.B. et al. // Gait Posture. 2004- Dec, 20 (3): 273−279.