ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠΏ-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ
Janowski, B. A., Huffman, K. E., Schwartz, J. C, Ram, R., Nordsell, R., Shames, D. S., Minna, J. D., and Corey, D. R./ Involvement of AGO 1 and AG02 in mammalian transcriptional silencing // Nat Struct Mol Biol. — 2006. — 9: Vol. 13. — P. 787β792. Fortes, P., Inada, Π’., Preiss, Π’., Hentze, M. W., Mattaj, I. W., and Sachs, A.Π./ The yeast nuclear cap binding complex can interact with translation… Π§ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΅ΡΡ >
ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠΏ-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ, ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ)
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
- Π‘ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠ£ΠΠΠ«Π₯ Π‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠ©ΠΠΠΠ
- I. ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ
- II. ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠ’Π£Π ΠΠ«Π ΠΠΠΠΠ
- 11. 1. ΠΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠΏ-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ
- II. 1.1. ΠΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° NMD
- II. 1.2. ΠΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΏ-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°
- II. 1.3. Π£Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ NMD ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ» ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΏ-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½
- 11. 2. ΠΠΠ‘Π’Π’Π ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π£ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ (Posttranscriptional genes silencing, PTGS)
- II. 2.2. ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ Π ΠΠ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²
- II. 2.3. Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²
- II.
- 2. 4. Π ΠΠ-Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ
- II. 2.5 ΠΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π£Π
- 11. 3. ΠΠ·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² NMD ΠΈ PTGS
- III. ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ« Π ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ«
- 111. 1. Π Π΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ
- 111. 2. Π€Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΡ
- 111. 3. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ (ΠΠ¦Π )
- 111. 4. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΠ
- III. 4.1. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΠ
- III. 4.2. ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π· Π² Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΠ·Π΅
- III. 4.3. Π Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠ°ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠΠ
- ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°
- III. 4.4. ΠΠΈΠ³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΠ
- 111. 5. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π ΠΠ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π² N. bentamiana
- III. 5.1. ΠΠ³ΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π² N. bentamiana
- III. 5.2. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π ΠΠ
- III. 5.3. ΠΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΠ½-Π±Π»ΠΎΡ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ
- III. 5.4. ΠΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΠ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π°
- III. 5.5. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΠΠ ΠΈΠ· Π ΠΠ
- 111. 6. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ
- III. 6.1. ΠΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ GFP, Stop711, Stop360 ΠΈ Stop
- III. 6.2. ΠΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ GFP-mRFP, GFPmRFPf
- III. 6.3. ΠΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ GFP-X
- III. 6.4. Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ 35S-hGFP-RFP ΠΈ 35S-GFP-IRES-RFP
- 111. 6. 5. Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ PVX. GFP-RFP ΠΈ PVX. GFPRFPf
- 111. 6. 6. ΠΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Stop360ΡΠ ΠΈ Stopl5ΡΠ
- III. 6.7. Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ 35S-GFP-h (MS2)-RFP, 35S-GFP-ash (MS2)~
- RFP, 35S-GFP-4Xh (MS2)-RFP ΠΈ 35S-GFP-4Xash (MS2)-RFP
- III. 6.8. Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ 35S-CP (MS2) ΠΈ 35S-CP (MS2)PABPf
- VI. Π ΠΠΠ£ΠΠ¬Π’ΠΠ’Π« Π ΠΠΠ‘Π£ΠΠΠΠΠΠ―
- VI. 1. Π§ΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ «Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ-Π ΠΠ» Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ NMD. ΠΌΠ ΠΠ Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π'-ΠΠ’Π Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
- VI. 2. ΠΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π ΠΠ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π'-ΠΠ’Π, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡ «Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ»
- Π ΠΠ, Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ
- VI. 3. ΠΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ±Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π'-ΠΠ’Π Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ
- NMD Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ΅
- VI. 4. Π ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ , ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΏ-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈ-Π Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠ ΠΠ
- VI. 5. Π‘Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π ΠΠΠ Ρ Π°Π±Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ Π²Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈ ΠΠ‘Π ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ
- VI. 6. ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Ρ19, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ siPHK Π½Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π±Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
- VI. 7. ΠΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π°Π±Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ siPHK. .76 VI.8. ΠΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π'-ΠΠ’Π Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π ΠΠ ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
- V. ΠΠ«ΠΠΠΠ«
Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΠΠ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ ΠΠ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ, Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ «ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ » ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ. Π‘ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Π° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Π° Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ². Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ». ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ (Gelman and Kopito, 2002).ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ»Π° Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° «ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°» ΠΌΠ ΠΠ. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠ ΠΠ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ, Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΏ-ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈ-Π-ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½Π°Ρ «ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ», ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΏ-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½. Π ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΏ-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½Π°, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΏ-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½Π°, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ (Akimitsu, 2008).Π ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΏ-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½Π°, ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ: Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ). ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΏ-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΠ½ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΏ-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½Π° (ΠΠ‘Π). ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ‘Π ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ-ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎ ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ , ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ «ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ» ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ, ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ» Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π° (nonsensemediated decay, NMD) (Maquat et al, 1981; Peltz et al., 1993).ΠΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΎΠΆΠΆΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ . ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ NMD Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ-ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ. ΠΡΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ Ρ Π³Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π° (Kti3) ΡΠΎΠΈ (Dickey et al., 2004) ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π³Π³Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π° (Π ΠΠ) Π±ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² (van Hoof and Green, 1996), ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°-l (Fed-1) ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΠΊΠ° (Petracek et al., 2005) ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ waxy ΡΠΈΡΠ° (Isshiki et al., 1996).ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° NMD Ρ Π΄ΡΠΎΠΆΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²: ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ ΠΠ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ «ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΡ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ» (natural ORF markers, NOMs). ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°, Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ NOM. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ NMD ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π°Π±Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ: ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ NMD ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ‘Π ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΡΠΎΠΆΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ . Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ NMD ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² (Gazzani et al., 2004). ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π°Π»ΠΎ Π±Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ NMD Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π ΠΠΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ’Π‘.
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