Investigation of Intercultural Skills in global work place in the Arab World countries

Despite the many differences that exist in the Arab and European business culture, it is possible to achieve success in relations with Arab partners, showing a genuine interest in them and their families, using praise and compliments, while respecting their national and religious feelings.

Third chapter

3. Investigation of cross-cultural skills for multinational communications in Arab world

3.

1. Development of survey for investigation

Quantitative research strategy and qualitative researches applied that consist of group observations, interviews, and surveys were used to collect information and data. With both methods are more applicable because of the entanglement in studying culture and communication from an individual point of view. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, the researchers were able to understand underlying factors that are relevant to understanding the effects of culture on communication when multicultural groups interplay with each other.

T he survey made as a qualitative method of our research. T his study was an initiative to support HR specialist teaching in cross-cultural management and orientation in cross-cultural awareness within global workplaces, public and private organizations in specific regions, Arab world countries. O ur survey was made by us to define cross-cultural skills and dynamics including how they adapt to different cultures and how they communicate with local people from another cultures and difficulties and developed skills, which they already have. O ur questionnaire part consists of various questions, which belong to theory part, especially focus on cross-cultural understanding and cross-cultural skills.

T he tool was uniquely designed to be understood by the participants of our survey in the Arab World and Turkey. P opular texts were used to identify cultural descriptions. (Hofstede, 1980; Scheider, 1997; Thomas, 2002; Trompenaars, 1997).

Questionnaire was in simple English to avoid misunderstanding. Most sub continental and Western participants either spoke native English or were fluent in English. Among the local Arabic speaking population, many were fluent in English while others were not.

The selection of interviewees was based on the nationality, different culture, and teamwork experience in multicultural team. The survey questions are included in the analysis listed in findings and results part.

Thus, it is necessary to abandon the stereotypes about Arab-Muslim culture as completely inadequate changes in the modern world. Despite the fact that some researchers believe that globalization is practically not affected the entire Middle East (except Israel), the problem of globalization is very urgent for the residents of most Arab countries. If we talk about globalization changes in the economy of the Arab-Muslim world, according to the testimony of the Saudi economist G. Azzam, six Arab countries (Egypt, Morocco, Jordan, Tunisia, Lebanon and Algeria) have committed themselves to implement economic reforms in line with the recommendations of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.

Officially registered capital markets (stock exchanges) have eight countries in the Arab region: Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco and Tunisia. Attitude to globalization in the Arab world, they primarily based on the desire to preserve their own culture. Therefore, at the present stage of globalization is generally perceived as an attempt to «capture the culture,» the imposition of Western values, «Westernization» or «Americanization.» These ideas about globalization in common the fact that globalization is seen as a process, a movement in a particular direction. Despite some similarities perception of globalization in the Arab-Muslim world, there are different points of view on this process.

According to the analysis of literature, we can identify four basic approaches to globalization in the Arab world. The first approach is based on the fear of global changes, unwillingness to put in their own world unseen enemy that can quietly destroy culture, society, deprived of national sovereignty, etc. Globalization is dangerous in all its manifestations, because even economic reforms and scientific advances carry a destructive virus, albeit under the guise of pious development and progress. Representatives of this approach are calling for almost total isolation, isolation, solitude or, conversely, to combat Western influence.

In contrast to such an extreme version of the relation to globalization, the second view sees globalization as a multidimensional process. It has its drawbacks in West and particularly in the United States, trying to impose their values, destroy another alien to him culture. However, if we ignore the pro-Western ideology, and try to use only the latest technology to achieve, you can achieve great success in the development of their own society, even in the era of globalization.

The third approach, an almost complete support for globalization, popular only in some countries of the Arab world, held a special path of historical development (e.g., Egypt, Jordan).

According to the fourth point of view, globalization is seen in historical perspective. Globalization is not an invention of modern times. This process has been observed before. A typical example of globalization is the Arab Caliphate. The current stage of globalization is based on different rules, it is based on other values, and however, it is possible that in the near future the globalization process again led the Arab-Muslim world.

It should be said that the development of cross-cultural communication in the Arab world is also influenced by historical aspect. The Arab world is united geographically, 90% of the population of the Arab countries are Arabs, and only 10% are representatives of other national and ethnic groups. The Arab peoples are united by a common language (Arabic) and historical destiny, as the population of the current Arab countries in the Middle Ages was part of the Arab caliphate, and in modern times the Arab territories, except Morocco, were part of the Ottoman Empire. During the colonial era, these territories have been the object of European expansion and tested for different forms of English, French, Spanish and Italian influence.

Clash of the Arab world and the West in the second half of the XIX century led to the formation of the Arab intellectuals who became the ancestor of the Arabs awareness of their own identity, different from the Turks. They saw this identity primarily in Arabic literature, Arabic, pan-Arab history and showed increased interest in the past and present of the Arab countries. Thus originated the idea of Arab unity, became at the end of the first half of the twentieth century. one of the foundations of Arab nationalism.

During the First World War put forward the idea of ​​creating the Arab Caliphate, however, these attempts have not been successful. After the First World War in the Arab world it had accelerated the pace of transformation under the influence of the internationalization of production and consumption, affecting the political and cultural spheres of life of the Arabs. It put forward new overall objectives: liberation from foreign domination and political modernization of the economy and socio-political life, v acted as centripetal forces in Arab society. At the same time strengthens the centrifugal tendencies associated with the emergence of the «independent» of the Arab countries, with the development of their statehood.

3.

2. Methodic of investigation and target group identification

This research applied the quantitative approach methodology because it is generally associated with positivism, especially when the researchers used pre-determined and highly structured data collection techniques. Apart from this, the researchers can examine the relationships between the variables, measuring them numerically and analyzing using the range of statistical techniques. Quantitative approach research often incorporates control mechanisms to ensure the validity of the data, as in an experimental design (Saunders, Lewis, & Thornhill, 2012). Evaluating both the independent and dependent variables in more detail will produce research outcome which are more precise. Testing of all the hypotheses are more applicable using the quantitative research methodology.

To conduct an effective investigation to use the concept of the various representatives of the Arab world. This concept is a system of ideas, attitudes, and theoretical provisions — the strategic benchmark of research work.

Ways to develop the concept of the study are:

— Familiarity with the theory and history of the problem; theoretical understandingbasic concepts, revealing the problem, the theoretical analysis of factors moat influencing the phenomenon under study;

— Studying the experience of solving the problems in practice;

— Search, development of design transformation studied cross-cultural phenomenon, theoretical justification, the selection criteria for the analysis of possible outcomes.

The technology of investigation is based on:

Preparatory stage:

1. Statement of the problem or research question.

2. Selecting aspect of studying the problem. Designing of an image, project desired results of the study. Formulation of the topic.

3. Determination of the object and subject of study.

4. Formation of the goals and objectives of the study.

5. Establishment of initial theoretical propositions and facts.

6. Nomination of the leading ideas, the overall design and hypotheses.

7.Developing a program of research to verify the hyper actionconjecture.

8. The development of research instruments (questionnaires, tests, schemesobservations).

Stage of gathering information:

1. The study of the theory and history of the issue.

2. Collection of information (empirical data) — the study of the documentation, observations, surveys, tests, etc.

3. Search and study the experience of the problem

4. Determination of criteria for analyzing the empirical information

Stage of modeling and design of the desired state of the subjectexplore:

1. Development of a model of an existing object being studied.

2. Outlook for the desired state of the object. Allocation factorschange an existing object

3. Development of the project changing the existing state of the object inrequired.

Step of experimental work:

1. Test (aerobatic) experiment.

2. Copyright change experienced in the transformation of the object.

3. Intermediate tracking results.

4. Adjustment of the project.

5. The implementation of the project.

The final stage:

1. Analysis of the effectiveness of the work.

2. Formulation of the results and conclusions.

3. Making materials of research (report writing, coursework, thesis).

4. Preparation of the presentation of the study.

Questions that were used to survey respondents:

1) What is your gender?

2) What is your age?

3) What is your nationality?

4) Do you prefer to work individual or in a team?

5) Have you ever worked in a multicultural team?

6) What kind of conflicts have you had while you were communicating with the foreigners?

7) What type of intercultural skills from your point of view are the most important in the Arab World countries?

8) What kind of intercultural skills do you need to adapt living or working abroad?

9) Which kind of skills you have already improved while you are living in Arab World Countries?

10) What kind of skills, should be taught in university, to work in a multicultural companies?

Sampling and Sample Size

In this study, the survey distributed 78 participants, which are 34 females and 44 males, and between 25 to 56 years old .I have responds from 8 different nationalities, 9 Turkish, 13 Russians, 11 Armenians, 12 American, 8 English, 18 Syrian, 2 Saudi Arabian, and 5 Emirati.

All my responds are working in the Middle East Arab World countries which their work place is located in countries like: United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq from different areas of activity like: banks, marketing service, insurance finally trade and investments companies.

Participants have answered the following questionnaire:

Do you prefer to work individually or in a team? 38,46% of our participants have answered that they prefer to work individually and 61,65% prefer to work in a team.

Have you ever worked in a multicultural workplace? 86,54% already had an experience in multicultural work place and 13,46% had no experience.

What kind of conflicts have you had while you were communicating with foreigners?

Conflicts were mostly, cultural, behavioral, and lingual ones.

What kind of cross-cultural skills from your point of view are the most important in the Arab World countries?

Table 4

Most important cross-cultural skills

Participant Answers Answer Ratios (%) Participant number Demonstrating respect for others (Traditions and Religion) 11.24 10 Behavioral flexibility 11.24 10 Communicative awareness 8.99 8 Adapting to new condition without any judgment 8.99 8 Diplomatic skills and sensitivity to different management styles 8.99 8 Listening skills 8.99 8 Body language 7.86 7 Tolerance of ambiguity 10.11 9 Demonstrating respect to local dress code 11.24 10 Total 100 78

What kind of cross-cultural skills do you need to adapt living or working abroad?

According to the interview with our target audience, we got the following answers and comments: tolerance of ambiguity, understanding others, accept the ideas of others, language, knowledge about the country, do’s and don’ts, attitude, values, respect, tolerance, cultural knowledge, communicative awareness, open mind, adaptability, behavior of particular nation, understanding the cultural differences, life style, acceptance of country’s laws and norms of behavior, understanding how they think and why, rapid adaptation to cultures of team members with various nationalities without prejudice, sociality, flexibility and patience.

What kinds of skills you have already improved while working in Arab World Countries? According to the interview with our target audience, we got the following answers and comments: «language and body language, tolerance, patience, respect for the others, behavioral flexibility, empathy», «team work, team organization and intercultural communication skills, tolerance to others», «better understanding of others, acceptance of differences and try to get along with them», «living abroad has helped me be more open-minded and taught me cultural ambiguity and the skill to accept and adapt to various cultural shocks, mentality of old generation & new generation», «dealing with foreign people, behavioral flexibility», «If you know how to react and respond and you can handle the rest».

What kind of skills should be taught in universities to work easily in cross-cultural environment?

According to the interview with our target audience, we got the following answers and comments: «listening skills», «speaking in front of international audience», «tolerance importance», «besides cultural differences and languages we don’t think that there is much universities could teach»; «the best way to learn is to work or study with people from different countries, so maybe the best a university could do is to attract as much foreigners as possible and try to have mixed classes». Moreover, they can teach us how to be open minded, to know brief world history, course in world cultures and religions.

Adapting to new conditions without judgment, cultural awareness and understanding of different behavioral attributes of people, general knowledge about culture, politics and economics in different countries, languages above all; cultural studies would be important as well.

In addition our responds said, students should have the opportunity to communicate personally with foreigners, since they are living carriers of the culture. Apart from general communication / negotiation skills course, students should be taught how to be aware of their own culture, and how to accept the differences between mentalities, and be open to new ideas.

If possible, teams of 5−7 students from different backgrounds should work together on some projects, or take part in some business games in order to get used to communicate efficiently, Making compromises, some basic differences in between different cultures, and how to explain and justify your opinion well, communication and cooperation with multilingual and multicultural team members.

According to a large number of researchers, business people, living in permanent residence (as opposed to temporary residents) are geared to assimilation. At the same time due to the need to establish effective business contacts assimilation occurs quite easily. At the same time, refugees, internally displaced due to some external reasons to leave their homeland, psychologically resist breaking ties with her, and the process of assimilation is they have a much longer and more difficult.

Until recently, researchers believed that the best strategy of acculturation is complete assimilation to the dominant culture. Today, the purpose of acculturation is considered the achievement of cultural integration that results in a bicultural or multicultural identity. This is possible if the interacting group of the majority and minority voluntarily choose this strategy. Integrating the group is ready to adopt new attitudes and values ​​of the culture and the dominant group is ready to accept these people, respecting their rights, their values, adapting social institutions to the needs of these groups.

Preservation of ethnic identity integrating groups that previously assessed as complicating the process of acculturation, today is estimated positively, as it helps smooth out the difficulties of this process.

Competence in communication implies a willingness and ability to build contacts at different psychological distance — and suspended ones. Difficulties can sometimes be associated with the inertia of position — owning any one of them and its implementation everywhere, regardless of the nature and identity of the partner situation. In general competence in communication is usually associated with the mastery is not any one position as the best, and with adequate communion to their range. Adequate flexibility in changing the psychological positions is one of the most important indicators of competent communication.

Integration can only be voluntary, as part of the minority and of the majority. After all, it is a mutual adaptation of these groups; both groups recognized the right of each to live as a people’s cultural identity.

It is believed that the success of acculturation in the psychological aspect is measured by a positive ethnic identity and ethnic tolerance. Integration correspond to positive ethnic identity and ethnic tolerance, assimilation — negative ethnic identity and ethnic tolerance, separation — positive ethnic identity and intolerance, marginalization — negative ethnic identity and intolerance.

3.

3. Results of investigation of cross-cultural skills

for multinational communications in Arab world and recommendations

As shown in a study above, that demonstrating the respect of the Arab traditions, religion and dress code is the most important cross-cultural skills in the Arab World countries.

Because it is important to realize that Arabs don’t expect you to be an expert on their culture. They are well aware that you are a foreigner and that you come from a different culture but they will of course expect you to show them and their culture respect and you should try to adapt to the way that they do things. Most mistakes will be forgiven as long as you sincere in your apology and you show proper respect.

Also behavioral flexibility, adapting to new conditions without any judgment and tolerance of ambiguity are important skills, when you will start to work in Arab world countries you should know that there are too many specific issues which can be not very important to you but for Arabs very important and fundamental issues .For example, offering them an alcoholic drink, drink or eat in front of them in Ramadan, don’t stand for few minutes and ask about the health while you saying hi even if you are in hurry they will not understand it and there are a few other things that you are going to want to make sure that you don’t do.

One of the most important is to talk about anything that is even remotely controversial. While in the west we talk about politics all the time it is not done in the Arab world and it could put your partners in an embarrassing position. Don’t put them in a spot where they need to criticize somebody.

Also this study shows that communicative awareness and diplomatic skills and sensitivity to different management styles are important because in Arab World countries they have 2 leaders president, king or prince and religion leader which has very big influence in the society and as a result Arab World countries they have 2 lows one according to the government and other to the religion which is covered under Arabic traditions, for example if the foreigner manger wants to send one of his good employees abroad immediately but she is female this pressure will take long time I mean the manager should wait because according to our religions lows «traditions» she should ask the oldest male in her family for a permit to go abroad and the manger should be very diplomatic and flexible to connect this 2 lows together and find alternative solutions. In the Arab World countries showing people that you are a good listener and knowing the body language it will make you the best friend of them and will destroy all borders so when they are talking to you they will stand much closer than we do in the west and you should show them that you listen very carefully to their subject. In addition there will be a great deal of touching, usually on the arm or shoulder, amongst people of the same gender.

Of course the main reason for these differences comes down to religion. Islam, as we know, is the state religion in most Arab countries. Theoretically, the life of any Muslim, his every action, and even his thoughts are strictly regulated by the Qur’an and Sunnah. In the Muslim world the Koran has always given and continues to have now a great influence on the formation of the human person: it plays an important role:

1). in the formation of man’s relationship to other people;

2) in the establishment of relationship to the world as a whole;

3) in the formation of rules of behavior and communication.

Arabic etiquette largely formed as a result of imposing moral and ethical standards of Islam in the Bedouin honor code. In pre-Islamic Arabia society as an ethical ideal advocated the concept of «courage and honesty» — «muravva». In Arab language this term refers to a set of qualities of this man:

• valor,

• generosity,

• the ability to love,

• eloquence,

• loyalty to the given word.

T he understanding these important qualities and features of the behavior of the Arab world is the key to the success of building effective multicultural communications. F or example, in a business relationship with the Arabs should be aware of mandatory compliance with Islamic traditions. I

n the month of Ramadan, Muslims are not supposed to eat anything from sunrise to sunset. I n the first month of the Muslim New Year is not necessary to arrange receptions. D o not need the Islamic world start talking about religion or politics.

Y ou must be installed in place in time, but your landlord may be delayed. Arabs is quite difficult to do business with the female, so in the delegation must be present and men.

For the Arabs, one of the most important elements of the negotiations is to establish trust between the partners. They prefer the preliminary study of the details discussed in the negotiations issues as well as «bargaining» at the negotiating table. Always try to retain the opportunity to continue contacts, if this time the agreement was not reached (in this case the cancellation is accompanied by a waste of praise for the partner and rejected the agreement).

Special respect from the Arabs enjoys the spoken word. If you were able to learn some Arabic words, the success is guaranteed. In this case, a foreigner needs to use the latest sources of literature or consult with a native speaker, or a rude word or mispronunciation produce a negative effect.

Very important process in the Arab etiquette is a receiving guests. For this event, they are in all seriousness, are prepared in advance, trying to appear in front of guests in all its glory. This also applies to home decoration, costumes and the hosts, and selection of refreshments. More close people go to visit without warning, but in other cases decided announce their visit in advance.

T he Arabs are not accepted to come visit empty-handed, it is preferable to bring anything from sweets necessarily beautifully packaged in a smart box. I f someone from the family members you have not provided, so for good reason and it is not necessary to seek acquaintance with them. T he Arabs honored guests decided to plant next to the oldest and most respected member of the family. T

he hosts will try to start and finish the meal with the guests, it should be considered. I t is undesirable to eat all that lies in a common dish, — of which there are more women and children. During business conversation, which can be started only after coffee and fruit, is not accepted right answer «yes» or «no.»

There are several well-tested strategies that enable successful enough to overcome communication barriers and improve communication with employees of organization. Firstly, the organization should pay special attention on the development of communication skills of its employees. Among the most important skills include active listening sense of active listening as receiving communication is the ability of the speaker to the listener’s help to tell exactly what he intended to say. There are several principles of active listening by Professor Keith Davis:

• Do not interrupt the speaker, do not start talking until they talk;

• arrange to his interlocutor, to create an atmosphere of friendliness;

• neutralize the distractions, avoid extraneous vmeshatelstva;

• demonstrate sympathy and interest to the other party;

• Be patient and avoid disputes at the stage of obtaining information;

• ask questions.

In addition to the ability to actively listen there are a number of skills that can be used to minimize the potential barriers and to increase the impact of cross-cultural communications. Clarification of their ideas before their transfer, clarification of own ideas, information ratio ideas with features of communication culture before it is transmitted is the collation and analysis of issues, problems or ideas that are planned to be discussed.

When communicating with representatives of Arab culture it should be deleted from the message ambiguous words or statements. In using the exact words, but not of the total character, the result will be more effective. However, it must be remembered that in some cases the use of specific words «yes» or «no» is not desirable, and it is better to use streamlined phrases.

" Looking from the outside" is that it is necessary to monitor the expression of his face, gestures, posture and tone, not to send contradictory signals. A person needs to look at himself and hear himself as he can see and hear the source. Sending harmonious signs that do not contain conflicting reports, representatives of another culture can achieve greater clarity and understanding of his words.

T he study of empathy and openness. E mpathy — attention to the feelings of other people, willingness to put yourself in their shoes. T hat’s like asking yourself: «Who is this man, to whom I am going to turn to? W

hat are its needs and interests? W hat is his today mood?" Actively using empathy in the exchange of information, we try to properly configure the hosts and adapt variant coding and transmission of messages to the individual or group and situation. The successful application of empathy can significantly reduce the possibility of misunderstanding when decoding the messages of the host.

The most important result and purpose of the processes of adaptation and acculturation is a long-term adaptation to life in a foreign culture. It is characterized by relatively stable changes in individual and group consciousness in response to the demands of the environment. Adaptation is usually considered in two aspects: psychological and socio-cultural.

Psychological adaptation is an achievement of psychological satisfaction in the new culture. It is reflected in a good state of health, psychological health, as well as clearly and building a sense of personal and cultural identity.

The socio-cultural adaptation is the ability to freely navigate in a new culture and society, to solve everyday problems in the family, at home, at work and at school. As one of the most

important indicators of successful adaptation is the availability of work and the level of satisfaction with it their professional achievements and as a consequence of their wealth in a new culture, the researchers recently as an independent aspect of adaptation allocate economic adjustment.

Of course, the adaptation aspects are closely linked. But as the factors influencing them, are quite different, besides studying the psychological adaptation in the context of stress and psychopathology, and social and cultural — within the concept of social skills, then its aspects still considered separately.

Adaptation may or may not lead to the mutual satisfaction of the individual and the environment, and can be expressed not only in the device, but also in the resistance, in an attempt to change their environment or change mutually. And the range of the results of adaptation is very large — from the highly successful adaptation to a new life to a complete failure of all attempts to achieve it.

Obviously, the results of adaptation will depend on both psychological and on social and cultural factors, is closely associated with each other. Good psychological adaptation depends on the type of human personality, the events in his life, as well as social support. In turn, effective socio-cultural adaptation depends on the knowledge of the culture, the degree of involvement in the contacts of intergroup attitudes. And both of these aspects of adaptation depends on the person’s belief in the benefits and success of the integration strategy.

F or effective communication with representatives of the Arab countries, a foreigner needs to expand the scope of acceptance and processing of information, so people can understand the system of organization of a foreign culture and fine-tune their processes of knowledge under those enjoyed by foreign culture media. A fter all, people are finding mentality «outsiders» difficult and confusing because of the fact that they are not familiar with the knowledge of other cultures. B

ut people have the potential to expand their knowledge about the cognitive system of another culture. M oreover, the more one learns about a foreign culture, the more it increases the ability to learn at all. T he opposite is true. The more highly developed system of cognition in humans, the greater the ability to understand a foreign culture, he demonstrates.

To develop an effective relationship with the foreign culture, one must not only understand it on a rational level, but also be able to share with others their feelings, that is, to perceive foreign culture on the affective level. We need to know what you can afford to

emotional expressions and reactions, because in every society there is a certain criterion of sentimentality and emotion. When people reach the required level of adaptation to other affective orientation, they are able to share the humor, joy and enthusiasm, as well as anger, pain and frustration with the locals.

B ut decisive in human adaptation to a foreign culture is the acquisition of appropriate skills everyday behavior in specific situations. T hey are divided into technical and social. T echnical skills include skills that are important for every member of society. T

his is proficiency, ability to make purchases, pay taxes, and so on. N. S ocial skills are generally less specific than technical, and master them harder than technical skills. A s even carriers of culture, of course fulfill their social roles, very rarely can explain what, how and why they do. However, by trial and error behavior is constantly being improved and organized in algorithms and stereotypes that already can be used automatically, without thinking.

Full adaptation to a foreign culture means that all three aspects of communication are simultaneously well coordinated and balanced. In the process of adapting to a new culture, people usually feel the lack of one or two of these aspects, resulting in poor balance and coordination. For example, there is much to know about a new culture, but do not have contact with it on the affective level. If such a gap is large, there may be an inability to adapt to a new culture.

Personal communication is closely related to social interaction, which manifests itself in many forms — from simple observation of people in the streets and reading about people and events in the media to contact with close friends. Social intercourse is usually divided into interpersonal (occurs between different people) and mass (a more general form of human social behavior, interacting with their social and cultural environment without direct contact with individuals). The more experience of social interaction in humans, the better it is adapted to another culture. It is desirable to have more friends — representatives of a foreign culture, to actively use the local media.

Thus, we can assume that foreigners, who arrived in the Arab countries with a view, inter alia, to do business, can experience serious difficulties in communicating with other cultures and to overcome the phase of adaptation. So it can be distinguished the following periods of adaptation of foreigners in the Arab world.

Phase 1 «Joyful revival.» This phase experienced by people in the first few weeks, and sometimes months after his arrival in a new country (usually 6−8 weeks). General feelings — excitement, a temporary time trouble, panic completed. Register first acquaintance with the local population, etc. Tourists and businessmen on mission experience is only one phase of CABG — phase «joyous revival.»

Phase 2 — «Frustration and anger,» or the actual shock. The average duration of this phase is about 2−3 months. Typical work and household «catalysts» irritation and frustration: different value system of the host country, a different management philosophy, attitudes toward work and productivity, ethics, foreign language, eating habits, tradition of drinking drinks, humor, absence of the usual goods, traditions and rules of driving, banking traditions, money and others.

The only place where you feel what is called «out of place» — a meeting with the same as you, foreigners. Of restricting the communication circle of friends compatriots during their stay abroad is called voluntary ghettoization. It slows adaptation prevents overcome of cultural shock.

Phase 3 the «Recovery» usually lasts 1−2 months. It begins when a stranger suddenly discovers that begins to understand the individual elements of the new cultural environment that had previously eluded him. The most typical sign of the onset of this phase — is to return a sense of humor and above all the ability to banter on their own cross-cultural mistakes. Al. most important feature of phase «recovery» are new acquaintances, who are tied with the local population.

Phase 4 — «Adaptation.» Phase duration is not limited. Usually it ends with a return to his country. A distinctive feature of this is the increasing ability not only to capture the features of the host country, but also the ability to take them on the rise. The most important feature of the beginning phase of the «Device» appears critical reappraisal of certain traditions and elements of the value system of their country and culture.

So that as the results of the study of human behavior in the Arab countries show, especially business etiquette and family of the Arab population to build effective communication in a multi-cultural features of these countries an alien must:

have own socio-cultural skills and cross-cultural communication.

know the etiquette rules of conduct in accordance with the specific situation (rules of business etiquette, speech etiquette, spoken and written speech genre).

possess the skills to find and use information on the characteristics of the host country, preferably in a fast mode.

be prepared to make cross-cultural communication in general and professional spheres

have the skills to adapt to changing conditions in contact with different cultures.

In addition to a foreigner who wishes to become a full-fledged part of another company, it may be useful:

to have the ability to establish adequate social and professional contacts.

to respect the peculiar features of other cultures and values of another society.

to evaluate the behavior of other cultures from the perspective of data features and existing values.

to edit your own knowledge about the country and culture of the population in the host country, using adequate and relevant literature.

overcome existing internal stereotypes about the host country, not allowing them to influence the construction of cross-cultural communication.

An important factor contributing to the rapid adaptation to the new environment and, therefore, mitigate and reduce the period of cross-cultural frustatsi is the knowledge of a foreign language:

First, the language of the host country ownership helps to avoid cross-cultural miscommunication errors that arise when working through an interpreter;

Second, knowledge of the language, even minimal creates a favorable impression as a man who does not regret the time and effort to adapt to local conditions. It greatly speeds up and simplifies the process of establishing domestic dating and professional contacts.

Multicultural person is an ideal. The process of psychological growth from monocultural to multicultural person — is the process of change in which new elements of life combined with a full understanding of what is culture.

Conclusions

This study is aimed to look at cross-cultural skills which are very important in Arab World countries and emphasize that cross-cultural understanding and cultural differences are important and critical issues for success of company or organization regard to international environment. In this study, we have checked different important dimensions of various cultures for receiving their ideas and understanding the cultures of different origin employees in their domestic and international working environment. The participants of the survey also paid attention to increase in cultural awareness and desire to have a better cross cultural understanding in their work place, because they also think that global companies offer better conditions and career opportunities in their work environment in Arab World countries. This study also involves information on important cross-cultural skills, behaviors and cultural dynamics Arab World business environment, which may help professionals who plan to work in this specific area.

Among the main factors of influence of the environment on the world economic processes is dominated by the sociocultural communication. Any economic entity operates under the national business culture on the principles formed corporate culture. Participants of the international business faced with the quality deeper aspects of management, which occurs in those results, interpenetration, — the concept of cross-cultural management.

The current stage of development of cross-cultural management concerns the activities of international corporations, presented in different regions of the world. Development of corporate codes of ethics and their effective application in specific national contexts is a key task of the global management and cross-cultural management as an integral component.

C ommunications systems in different cultures passed down from generation to generation and are absorbed in the process of enculturation. F or each culture, there are only acceptable communication styles. F

or example, in Saudi Arabia communication takes place with an abundance of compliments, gratitude and attention. H ere, no one will publicly criticize an employee to work, or else he is accused of rudeness and disrespect. A

mericans are rather informal and move to the point immediately, without further ado. T he British have some inner restraint, understanding and prefer to control when dealing with others. These examples show how important it is to know and understand intercultural communication style of the people with whom we interact.

The success of communication can take many forms: improved relationships, friendship, ending the conflict, etc.

It is important to not only know the principles of intercultural communication, but to apply them in practice and improve. We need to develop quick thinking and ability to express their ideas in different ways, that is, to explain the same idea in different ways. Success in interacting with people should be seen as a success in the implementation of some of the individual tasks. The ability to mediate between people, right interlocutors submit to each other, to say the right word in the right situation — an invaluable skill for intercultural communication.

We hope that this study would help HR professionals and other professionals who want to work in Arab world countries to increase their efficiency and developing their talents at multinational stage with cross-cultural understanding.

Bibliography

Russian editions

A. Resch. The problems of stereotypes in intercultural communication. // Russia and the West: Dialogue of Cultures; Issue 7. — Moscow. — 2009.

A ntonov V. I., Y ampilova Z.S. The problem of stereotyping as one of the barriers in the context of communication cultures // Russia and the West: Dialogue of Cultures. V ol. 7. — M

oscow. — 2009.

Gordeev R.V. Cross-cultural issues in International Management / Moscow. Case, 2007.

S.P. Myasoedov. Cross Culture Shock and typical communication errors // Personnel Management, № 11, 2006.

S.P. Myasoedov Fundamentals of cross-cultural management: How to do business with other countries and cultures / Institute of Business Administration (IBDA). — Moscow: Case, 2003. — 254 p.

Birckenbach B. Language intonation, facial expressions, gestures: Trans. With it. — Saint Peterspurg., 2013.

Watzlawick, P., J. Bivin., Jackson D. Psychology of interpersonal communication. — Saint Peterspurg, 2000.

Ikonnikova N.K. The mechanisms of intercultural perception // Sociological studies. — 2005. — № 4.

N. Lebedeva. An introduction to ethnic and cross-cultural psychology. — Moscow. 2008.

Muravleva N.V. Understanding and interpretation of the facts alien culture // Russia and the West: Dialogue of Cultures. Vol. 7. — M., 2010.

Pocheptsov G.G. Communication theory. — M .; Kyiv, 2013.

Sikevich Z.V. Sociology and psychology of ethnic relations. — SPb., 1999.

Sternin I.A. Communicative behavior in the structure of national culture // Ethnocultural specificity of language consciousness. — M., 2007.

Sukharev V.A., Sukharev M.V. Psychology of peoples and nations. — Donetsk, 1997.

Foreign editions

Agryle M. The psychology of interpersonal behavior. Harmondsworth, 2003.

Asante M.K., Newmark E., Blake C.A. Handbook of intercultural communication. Beverly Hills/London, 1979.

Asante M.K., Gudykunst W.B. (Eds.). Handbook of International and Intercultural Communication. Newbury Park, 1989.

Brislin R.W., Yoshida T. Intercultural Communication Training: An Introduction. Thousand Oaks, 1994.

Clyne M. Inter-Cultural Communication at Work: Cultural Values in Discourse. Cambridge, 1994,

Dodd С. Dynamics of intercultural communication. Boston, 2008.

Driven R., Putz M., Jager S. Intercutural communication. Bern, 2011.

Ferraro G. The Cultural Dimensions of International Business. Englewood Cliffs, 2000.

Geerz С. The interpretation of cultures. N. Y., 1993.

Gudykunst W. Intercutural Communication Theory. Current Perspectives. Newbury Park, 1983.

Hall E., Hall M. Understanding cultural differences. Yarmouth, 1990.

Kim Y.Y., Gudykunst W.B. Theories in intercultural communication. London, 1988.

Kim Y. Y, Gudykunst W.B. Cross-cultural adaptation. London, 1988.

Six U. The Function of Stereotypes in the Process of Cross-Cultural Understanding — A Social Psychological Approach.// Peter Funke (Ed.). Understanding the USA. A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Tubingen, 2011.

Bruce Ingham / Arab countries. Manners and Etiquette, 2009.

Gundling E. Working Globe Smart: 12 people skills for doing business across borders. N. Y., 2003.

Samovar L, Porter R., Stefani L. Communication between Cultures. — Belmont, 1998.

Wiseman R., Jolene K. Intercultural Communication Competence//Newbury Park, 1993.

«Cross Cultural Training Seen as Essential for Foreign Operations.» Asia Africa Intellegence Wire. 8 August 2005.

Gardenswartz, Lee, and Anita Rowe. «Cross-Cultural Awareness.» HRMagazine. March 2001.

M artin W. C., B eittel M. T oward a Global Society?: Evaluating Current Conceptions, Methods and Practices // The Sociological Quart. B erkley.

1998. V ol. 39 (1). P. 139.

A rcher M. S. D ubious Guarantees of Social Science: A Reply to Wallerstein // Intern. S ociology. 1998.

V ol. 13 (1). P. 10—12.

LeBaron, Michelle. Bridging Cultural Conflicts. A New Approach for a Changing World. San Francisco: Jossey Bass, 2003.

Novinger, Tracy. Intercultural Communication. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2001, P. 84.

Conze, Edward. Buddhism: Its Essence and Development. New York: HarperCollins, 1951, p. 49.

Novinger, Tracy. Intercultural Communication. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2001.

Okun, Barbara F., Fried, Jane, Okun, Marcia L. Understanding Diversity. A Learning as Practice Primer. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing, 1999, pp. 59−60.

Bennet J. Transition shock: Putting culture shock in perspective//Jain C. (Ed.). International and Intercultural Communication Annual. 1977.

Bennet J. Cultural Marginality. Identity Issues in Intercultural Training// Paige M. (Ed.). Education for the Intercultural Experience. Yarmouth, 1993.

Bennet M. (Ed.) Basic Concepts of Intercultural Communication. Selected Readings. Yarmouth, 1998.

Internet sources

World Trade Report 2014. www.wto.org.

IPO Centre. www.pwc.com.

The World Bank.

http://www.worldbank.org

The World Factbook.

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html

http://www.migrationinformation.org

Appendix 1

Results of investigation

Number Question Yes No Comments 1 What is your gender?

34 — male, 44 — female 2 What is your age? 25 to 56 years old 3 What is your nationality?

9 — Turkish, 13 — Russian, 11 — Armenians, 12 — Americans, 8 — English, 18 — Syrian, 2 — Saudi Arabian, 5 -Emirati.

4 Do you prefer to work individual or in a team? 30 — individually, 48 — in team 5 Have you ever worked in a multicultural team? 67 11 6 What kind of conflicts have you had while you were communicating with the foreigners? Cultural, lingual and behavior conflicts 7 What type of intercultural skills from your point of view are the most important in the Arab World countries? Demonstrating respect for others, behavioral flexibility, communicative awareness, etc. (Table 4) 8 What kind of intercultural skills do you need to adapt living or working abroad?

Tolerance of ambiguity, understanding others, accept the ideas of others, etc. 9 Which kind of skills you have already improved while you are living in Arab World Countries?

language and body language, tolerance, patience, respect for the others, etc. 10 What kind of skills, should be taught in university, to work in a multicultural companies? «listening skills», «speaking in front of international audience», «tolerance importance»

Meaningfulness

PROCESS

Main causes

Management of uncertainty

Management of anxiety

Artificial causes

Personality

Interaction with other cultures

Categorization of other cultures

Attitude towards other cultures

Special situations

RESULT

Intercultural adaptation