ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ
Frank, J., A. Verschoor, and M. Boublik, Computer averaging of electron micrographs of 40S ribosomal subunits. Science, 1981. 214(4527): p. 1353β5. van Heel, M. and J. Frank, Use of multivariate statistics in analysing the images of biological macromolecules. Ultramicroscopy, 1981. 6(2): p. 187; Frank, J., Three-dimensional electron microscopy of macromolecular assemblies, in Three-dimensional… Π§ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΅ΡΡ >
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ (ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ, ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ)
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
- 1. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
- Π‘ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
- ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
- 4. ΠΡΠΈΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ «ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ» Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»
- 4. 1. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ «ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ» ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ
- 4. 1. 1. ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ «ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ»
- 4. 1. 2. Π‘ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎ-ΠΠ «ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ»
- 4. 1. 3. ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡ, ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
- 4. 1. 4. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ
- 4. 1. 5. ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
- 4. 1. 6. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
- 4. 1. 7. ΠΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ (Alignment)
- 4. 1. 7. 1. ΠΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°
- 4. 1. 7. 2. ΠΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ
- 4. 1. 8. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· 26 4.1.8.1. Π‘ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
- 4. 1. 9. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ
- 4. 1. 10. ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎ-ΠΠ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°
- 4. 1. 11. Π Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎ-ΠΠ
- 4. 1. 12. ΠΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 37 4.2. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎ-ΠΠ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²
- 4. 2. 1. ΠΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ
- 4. 2. 2. ΠΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π³Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ
- 4. 2. 3. Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ
- 4. 2. 3. 1. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΏ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°) ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ»-ΡΠ ΠΠ Π² Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ΅
- 4. 2. 3. 2. Π€Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ°
- 4. 1. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ «ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ» ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ
- 5. 1. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊ Π² ΠΌΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ 50S ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ
- 5. 2. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° FfhM Ρ ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ
- 5. 3. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ RF2 Ρ ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ
- 5. 4. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ RF3 Ρ ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ
ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. Π§Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π» Π±ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΠ½ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π» ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΡ, Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΡ, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΎ?! ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ. ΠΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ΄ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. ΠΡ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π΅Π»Π», ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎ Π·Π° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ·Π½Π°Π² ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ (ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎ-ΠΠ) Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ° Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ 70S ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 50S, ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΉ, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 30S. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° 60% (ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅) ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· Π ΠΠ. ΠΠ°Π»Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π ΠΠ (ΠΌΠ ΠΠ) ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π ΠΠ (ΡΠ ΠΠ), ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ. Π ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ° Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ³Π³Π° Π² 50-Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ , ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π ΠΠ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°, Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π ΠΠ (ΡΠ ΠΠ) ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ , ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌ, Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ ΠΠ. Π’Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅, Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΎ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ?! ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° (PCΠ) Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ. Π ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ», ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π»Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π·Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π Π‘Π. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎ-ΠΠ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ «ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ» Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» 4.1 ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ «ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ» ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° (Π Π‘Π) ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ° (Π―ΠΠ ). ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°Π· Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. Π ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ», Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ², Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Π΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²: 1. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΡΠΆΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ Π»Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ- 2. Π£ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²- 3. Π§Π΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ , Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π² ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Π° Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π² ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ (ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π») ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ «ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ» Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ , ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈΠΎ-ΠΠ Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. «ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ» Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·. Π§Π°ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ», ΠΈΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ , ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ «Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ» Π²ΠΏΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°. Π§Π°ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π±ΡΠ³Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ , ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ in vitro, ΡΡΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅, ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ΅ [ΡΠΌ. Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ [1]]. 4.1.1. ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ «ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ» ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎ-ΠΠ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 20 Π»Π΅Ρ [[2]- [3]]. Π‘Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 40 Π»Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄ Π’ΡΠΉΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΠ»Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ (Taylor Glaeser). ΠΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎ-ΠΠ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ , ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° (Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½), Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»Ρ (Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΡ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ), ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ³Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ , ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ. Π’ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Π₯ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ, Π΄Π»Ρ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎ-ΠΠ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ»ΡΡ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠ½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π² ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ «ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²» (tilt series). ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎ-ΠΠ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ, ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ (ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎ-ΠΠ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ (ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π Π‘Π) ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² [[4], [5]], ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎ-ΠΠ Π±ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ «ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ», Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ [[6], Π [7], [8], [9]] ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊ [[10] [Π], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16]] Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π±ΡΠ» ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎ-ΠΠ, Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π΅Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ 1−2% ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π° ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ Π΅. ΠΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ, Π° ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ uΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡ, Π’| ΠΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΡΠΈΠΎ-ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΠ° ΠΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π ΠΈΡ. 1. Π. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°. Π. ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΏΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°. Π, Π. ΠΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ·Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ, Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ. Π ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡ Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ° Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ (ΡΠΈΡ. 1): ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π΅Ρ, Π½Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎ-ΠΠ, Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½, Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ° (ΡΠΈΡ. 1). ΠΡΠ°Π½ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ·Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π»Π΅Π΄, 10 ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»Ρ Π»ΡΠ΄Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ Π±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π²ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ «ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ», ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ 70S ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ E. coli, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎ-ΠΠ «ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ» [[17]]. Π ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡ Π»ΠΎΠΉ, Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ.
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