Мониторинг церебральной гемодинамики при коматозных состояниях
Диссертация
По данным ТКДГ наиболее благоприятным эффектом обладает вспомогательная вентиляция. Ее преимущества перед контролируемой механической вентиляцией состоят в более щадящем воздействии на ауторегу-ляцию мозгового кровообращения, что проявляется в сохранении взаимосвязи показателей резерва вазодилятации и периферического сопротивления кровотоку, даже в диапазоне очень высокого внутричерепного… Читать ещё >
Список литературы
- Белкин А.А. Коматозное состояние (алгоритмы диагностики, тактики, лечения и реабилитации бессознательного состояния): Методическое пособие для неврологов, реаниматологов, врачей палат интенсивной терапии. -Екатеринбург, 1998.- 111 с.
- Белкин А.А. Мониторинг коматозных состояний методом отдаленного прогноза: Дисс.. канд. мед наук. Свердловск, 1994. — 89 с.
- Белкин А.А. Коматозное состояние (диагностика, мониторинг, экспертиза, интенсивная терапия): Дисс.. д-ра. мед. наук. Екатеринбург, 2000. -177 с.
- Ворлоу Ч.П., Денис М. С., Гейн Ж. Инсульт. СПб.: Политехника, 1998. -106 с.
- Гайдар Б. В. Парфенов В.Е., Свистов Д. В. Практическое руководство по транскраниальной допплерографии. СПб.: Российская ВмедА, 1994 78 с.
- Гайдар Б.В., Парфенов В. Е., Свистов Д. В. Допплерографическая оценка ауторегуляции кровоснабжения головного мозга при нейрохирургической патологии // Вопросы нейрохирургии, им. Н. Н. Бурденко, 1998. № 3. — С. 31−35.
- Гайдар Б.В., Свистов Д. В., Храпов К. Н. Полуколичественная оценка ауторегуляции кровоснабжения головного мозга в норме // Журнал неврологии и психиатрии, 2000. № 6. — С. 38 — 40.
- Зильбер А.П. Клиническая физиология в анестезиологии и реаниматологии. М: Медицина, 1983. 478 с.
- Ю.Зильбер А. П. Дыхательная недостаточность. М.: Медицина, 1988. 512 с.
- Парфенов В.Е. Транскраниальная допплерография в нейрохирургии: Ав-тореф. дисс.. д-ра. мед. наук. — Санкт-Петербург, 1996. 44 с.
- Плам Ф., Познер Д. Б. Диагностика ступора и комы: Пер. с англ. М.: Медицина, 1986. — 544 с.
- Попова JI.M. Нейрореанимация. М.: Медицина, 1983. 286 с.
- Старченко А. А. Справочное руководство по клинической нейрореаниматологии. / Под ред. академика РАМН Хилько В. А. Спб.: ООО «Санкт-Петербургское медицинское издательство», 2002. 672 с.
- Тихомирова О.В. Допплерографическая диагностика в остром периоде ишемического инсульта. СПб, 2000. 96 с.
- Шахнович А.Р. Оценка регуляции мозгового кровообращения методом ТКДГ в норме и при патологии // Ультразвуковая допплеровская диагностика сосудистых заболеваний / Под редакцией Никитина Ю. М. Трухано-ва А.И. М.: Видар, 1998. — С. 241 — 248.
- Шахнович А. Р, Шахнович В. А. Диагностика нарушений мозгового кровообращения. Транскраниальная допплерография. М, 1996. 448 с.
- Шахнович В.А. Ишемия мозга. Нейросонология. М.: ACT, 2002. 305 с.
- Шурыгин И.А. Мониторинг дыхания: пульсоксиметрия, капнография, ок-симетрия. М.: Издательство Бином, 2000. — 16 с.
- Aaslid R. Transcranial Doppler assessment of cerebral vasospasm // Eur. J. Ultrasound, 2002. V. l 6(1−2). -P.3−10
- Aaslid R., Lash S.R., Bardy G.H. et al. Dynamic Pressure Flow Velocity Relationships in the Human Cerebral Circulation // Stroke, 2003. — V. 34(7). — P. 1645−1649.
- Aaslid R., Lindegaard K-F, Sorteberg W., Nornes H. Cerebral autoregulation dynamics in humans // Stroke, 1989. V. 20. — P. 45−52.
- Ainslie P.N., Poulin MJ. Ventilatory, cerebrovascular, and cardiovascular interactions in acute hypoxia: regulation by carbon dioxide // J. of Applied Physiology, 2004.-V. 97(1).-P. 149- 159.
- Alexandrov, A.V., Joseph M. Transcranial doppler: an overview of its clinical applications // The internet journal of emergency and intensive care medicine, 2000. V.4. — N.l.
- Andrews R.J. Monitoring for neuroprotection. New technologies for the new millennium // Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 2001. V.939. — P. 101−113
- Asgeirsson В., Grande P.O., Nordstrom C.H. A new therapy of post-traumatic brain oedema based on hemodynamic principles for brain volume regulation // Intensive Care Medicine, 1994. V. 20. — P. 260−267.
- Asgeirsson В., Grande P.O., Nordstrom C.H. The Lund concept of posttraumatic brain oedema therapy // Acta Anesthesiology Scand., 1995. V. 39. -P. 103−106.
- Bellner J., Romner В., Reinstrup P. et al. Transcranial Doppler sonography pul-satility index (PI) reflects intracranial pressure (ICP) // Surg. Neurology, 2004. V.62(l). -P.45−51
- Bolognese P. Laser-Doppler flowmetry. // Int. J. Microcirc. Clin. Exp., 1988. -V. 7.-P. 367−371.
- Bonte F. Single-photon tomographic study of regional cerebral blood flow in patients with arteriovenous malformations // J. Nucl. Med., 1983. V. 24. — P. 751−754.
- Bor-Seng-Shu E, Teixeira MJ, Hirsch R, et al. Transcranial doppler sonography in two patients who underwent decompressive craniectomy for traumatic brain swelling: report of two cases // Arq. Neuropsiquiatr, 2004. V.62(3A). -P.715−721
- Bor-Seng-Shu E., Teixeira M.J., Hirsch R. Transcranial doppler sonography in two patients who underwent decompressive craniectomy for traumatic brain swelling: report of two cases // Arq. Neuropsiquiatr., 2004. V. 62(3A). — P. 715−721.
- Buhre W., Heinzel F.R., Grund S., et al. Extrapolation to zero-flow pressure in cerebral arteries to estimate intracranial pressure // British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2003. -V. 90, 3. P. 291−295.
- Bulger E.M., Nathens A.B., Rivara F.P. et al. Management of severe head injury: institutional variations in care and effect on outcome II Critical Care Medicine, 2002. V.30. — P. 1870−1876
- Burke C.M., Choong R.K., Dorsch N.W. et al. Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity Following Severe Closed Head Injury in Children. -www.brain99.pet.rh.dk/scientific/abstracts/371.html. 2003.
- Carter L. Cortical blood flow: Thermal diffusion vs isotope clearence. // Stroke, 1981.-V. 23.-P. 513−517.
- Chan K.H., Dearden N.M., Miller J.D. et al. Multimodality monitoring as a guide to treatment of intracranial hypertension after severe brain injury // Neurosurgery, 1993. V. 32(4). — P. 547−553.
- Chan K.H., Dearden N.M., Miller J.D. Transcranial Doppler-sonography in severe head injury // Acta Neurochir. Suppl. (Wien), 1993. V. 59. — P. 81−85.
- Cooke W.H., Pellegrini G.L., Kovalenko O.A. Dynamic cerebral autoregulation is preserved during acute head-down tilt // J. of Applied Physiology, 2003. V. 95.-P. 1439- 1445.
- Czosnyka M, Matta BF, Smielewski P. et al. Cerebral perfusion pressure in head-injured patients: a noninvasive assessment using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography // J. Neurosurgery, 1998. V. 88(5). — P. 802 — 808.
- Czosnyka M, Smielewski P, Piechnik S. et al. Hemodynamic characterization of intracranial pressure plateau waves in head-injury patients // J. Neurosurgery, 1999.-V. 91(1).-P. 11−19.
- Czosnyka M., Guazzo E., Whitehouse H. et al. Significance of intracranial pressure waveform analysis after head injury // Acta Neurochirurgy (Wien), 1996. -V. 138.-P. 531−542
- Czosnyka M., Kirkpatrick P.J., Pickard J.D. Multimodal monitoring and assessment of cerebral haemodynamic reserve after severe head injury // Cerebrovascular Brain Metabolic Reviews, 1996. V. 8. — P. 273−295.
- Czosnyka M., Smielewski P., Kirkpatrick P. Continuous assessment of the cerebral vasomotor reactivity in head injury // Neurosurgery, 1997. V. 41. — P. 11 — 19.
- Czosnyka M., Smielewski P., Kirkpatrick P. et al. Monitoring of Cerebral Auto-regulation in Head-Injured Patients // Stroke, 1996. V. 27. — P. 1829 — 1834.
- Czosnyka M., Smielewski P., Piechnik S. et al. Clinical significance of cerebral autoregulation // Acta Neurochirurgica Suppl., 2002. V. 81. — P. 117 — 119.
- Czosnyka M., Smielewski P., Piechnik S. et al. Critical closing pressure in cerebrovascular circulation // J. Neurology, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry, 1999. — V. 66.-P. 606−611.
- Deehan S., Dobb G.J. Metoclopramide-induced raised intracranial pressure after head injury // J. Neurosurgery Anesthesiology, 2002. V.14(2). — P. 157 160
- Deepak Awasthi. Multimodal Monitoring in Patients with Head Injury. -www.medschool.lsumc.edu/Nsurgery/monitorheadinj.html#anchorl303426. -17.02.2003.
- Dennis L.J., Mayer S.A. Diagnosis and management of increased intracranial pressure //Neurology India, 2001. V.49 (Suppl 1). — P.37−50
- Dings J., Meixensberger J., Amschler et al. Brain tissue p02 in relation to cerebral perfussion pressure, TCD findings and TCD-C02-reactivity after severe head injury // Acta Neurochirurgica, 1996.- Vol. 138.- P. 425 434.
- Dominguez-Roldan J.M., Murillo-Cabezas F., Munoz-Sanchez A. et al. Study of blood flow velocities in the middle cerebral artery using transcranial Doppler sonography in brain-dead patients // Transplant. Proc., 1995. V. 27(4). — P. 2395 — 2396.
- Dosemeci L., Dora В., Yilmaz M. et al. Utility of transcranial doppler ultrasonography for confirmatory diagnosis of brain death: two sides of the coin // Transplantation, 2004. V.77(l). — P.71−75
- Egido J.A., Sanchez C. Neurosonology in cerebral ischemia: future application of transcranial Doppler in acute stroke // Cerebrovascular Disease, 2001. -V.l 1, Suppl. 1. -P.15−19
- Forsyth R, Baxter P, Elliott T. Routine intracranial pressure monitoring in acute coma // Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2001. V. (3):CD002043. PMID: 11 687 010
- Forsyth R.J., Baxter P., Elliott T. Routine intracranial pressure monitoring in acute coma // from Cochrane Review Abstracts. Posted 07/01/2004 http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/485 994 15.03.2004
- Giller C.A. A bedside test for cerebral autoregulation using transcranial Doppler ultrasound // ActaNeurochir., 1991. -V. 108. -P. 7 14.
- Grande P.O., Nordstrom C.H. Management of CPP/ICP: The Lund concept // European J. Anesthesiology, 1998. Vol. 15, Suppl. 17. — P. 42 — 43.
- Grosset D.G., Straton G., McDonald I. et al. Use of transcranial Doppler sonography to predict development of a delayed ischemic deficit after subarachnoid hemorrhage // J. Neurosurgery, 1993. V. 78. — P. 183 — 187.
- Gupta A.K. Monitoring the injured brain in the intensive care unit // J. Postgraduate Medicine 2002. V. 48. — P. 218 — 225.
- Hacke W. Neurocritical care. Springer-Verlag, 1995. 1044 p.
- Hadani M, Bruk B, Ram Z. et al. Application of transcranial doppler ultrasonography for the diagnosis of brain death // Intensive Care Medicine, 1999. V. 25(8).-P. 822−828.
- Harders A. G, Gilsbach J.M. Time course of blood velocity changes related to vasospasm in the circle of Willis measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasound // J. Neurosurgery, 1987. V. 66. — P. 718 — 728.
- Hassler W, Steinmetz H, Gawlowski J. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in raised intracranial pressure and in intracranial circulatory arrest // J. Neurosurgery, 1988.-V. 68.-P. 745 -751.
- Intracranial Pressure, Pneumonia Leading Causes of Death After Stroke // Arch Intern Med 2004- 164: 1761−1768. Reuters Health Information 2004. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/489 210 05.02.2004
- Jagger J, Jane J. A, Rimel R. The Glasgow Coma Scale: to sum or not to sum? //Lancet, 1983.-V. 2.-P. 97−101.
- Jennett B, Bond M. Assesment of outcome after severe brain damage: a practical scale // Lancet, 1975. V. 1. — P. 480−484.
- Jones P.A., Andrews P.J.D., Midgely S., et al. Measuring the burden of secondary insult in head injured patients during intensive care // J. Neurosurg. Anes-thesiol, 1994. V. 6. — P. 4 — 14.
- Juul N., Morris G.F., Sharon B. Intracranial Hypertension and Cerebral Perfusion Pressure: Influence on Neurological Deterioration and Outcome in Severe Head Injury // Neurosurg Focus 11 (4), 2001. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/405 749 07.02.2004
- Kadoi Y., Ide M., Saito S. et al. Hyperventilation after tourniquet deflation prevents an increase in cerebral blood flow velocity // Can. J. Anesthesiology, 1999.-V. 46(3). P. 259−264.
- Kinoshita K., Hayashi N., Sakurai A. et al. Changes in cerebrovascular response during brain hypothermia after traumatic brain injury // Acta Neurochirurgica Suppl., 2003. V. 86. — P. 377 — 380.
- Kirkpatrick P.J., Czosnyka M., Pickard J.D. Multimodal monitoring in neuroin-tensive care // J. Neurology, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry, 1996. V. 60. — P. 131 -139.
- Kirsh J.R., Helfaer M.A. Intracranial vault Pathophysiology // Critical Care report, 1989.-V. l.-P. 12−21.
- Kozub D., Kazibutowska Z. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and hyperventilation test in assessment of cerebral vasoreactivity after ischemic stroke //Neurology, Neurochir. Pol., 1995. V. 29, 4. — P. 489 — 495.
- Lane P.L., Skoretz T.G., Doig, et al. Intracranial pressure monitoring and outcomes after traumatic brain injury // Can. J. Surgery, 2000. V.43. — P.442−448
- Lang E.W. Management of СРРЯСР: the CPP targeted approach // European J. Anesthesiology, 1998. -V. 15., Suppl. 17. P. 41 — 42.
- Lang E.W., Czosnyka M., Mehdorn H.M. Tissue oxygen reactivity and cerebral autoregulation after severe traumatic brain injury // Critical Care Medicine, 2003.-V. 31(1).-P. 267−271.
- Lang E.W., Lagopoulos J., Griffith J. et al. Cerebral vasomotor reactivity testing in head injury: the link between pressure and flow // J. Neurology, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry, 2003. -V. 74(8). P. 1053 — 1059.
- Lang E.W., Lagopoulos J., Griffith J. et al. Noninvasive cerebrovascular autoregulation assessment in traumatic brain injury: validation and utility // J. Neu-rotrauma, 2003. V.20(l). — P.69−75
- Lee J.H., Kelly D.F., Oertel M. et al. Carbon dioxide reactivity, pressure autoregulation, and metabolic suppression reactivity after head injury: a transcranial Doppler study // J. Neurosurgery, 2001. V.95(2). — P.222−232
- Lewis S., Wong M., Myburgh J. et al. Determining cerebral perfusion pressure thresholds in severe head trauma // Acta Neurochirurgica Suppl. (Wien), 1998. -V. 71.-P.174- 176.
- Lewis S.B., Wong M.L., Barman P.E. et al. Transcranial Doppler identification of changing autoregulatory thresholds after autoregulatory impairment // Neurosurgery, 2001. -V. 48(2). P. 369 — 376.
- Lewis S.B., Wong M.L., Bannan P.E. et al. Transcranial Doppler identification of changing autoregulatory thresholds after autoregulatory impairment // Neurosurgery, 2001. V.48(2). — P.369−375
- Lindegaard K.F., Nornes H., Bakke S.J. et al. Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemmorhage investigated by means of Transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Acta Neurochirurgica (Wein), 1988. V. 42. — P. 81 — 84.
- Lundar Т., Lindegaard K.F., Froysaker T. et al. Cerebral perfusion during nonpulsatile cardiopulmonaiy bypass // Annual Thoracal surgery, 1985. V. 40. -P. 144 — 148.
- Lysakowski C., Walder В., Costanza M.C. et al. Transcranial doppler versus angiography in patients with vasospasm due to a ruptured cerebral aneurysm. A systematic review. // Stroke, 2001. V. 32. — P.2292.
- Mandera M.5 Larysz D., Wojtacha M. Changes in cerebral hemodynamics assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in children after head injury // Childs Nerv. System, 2002. V. 18. — P. 124 — 128.
- Marshall S.B., Marshall L.F. Vos H.R. et al. Neuroscience critical care. Pathophysiology and patient management / Saunders. Philadelphia, 1990. -325 p.
- Marti-Fabregas J., Belvis R., Guardia E. et al. Prognostic value of Pulsatility Index in acute intracerebral hemorrhage // Neurology, 2003. — V. 61. P. 1051 — 1056.
- Mascia L., Andrews P.J., McKeating E.G. et al. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in severe brain injury: the role of pressure autoregulation during cerebral perfusion pressure management // Intensive Care Medicine, 2000. — V. 26(2). P. 202 — 205.
- Mascia L., Andrews P.J., McKeating E.G. et al. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in severe brain injury: the role of pressure autoregulation during cerebral perfusion pressure management // Intensive Care Medicine, 2000. -V.26(2). P.202−205
- Meyerson B.A., Gunasekera L., Linderoth B. et al. Bed monitoring of regional cortical blood flow in comatose patients using laser Doppler velocimetry // J. Neurosurgery, 1991. V. 297. — P. 50 — 55.
- Michelson D.J., Ashwal S. Evaluation of coma and brain death // Semin. Pe-diatr. Neurol., 2004.-V. 11(2).-P. 105−118.
- Miller J.D., Dearden N.M., Piper I.R. et al. Control of intracranial pressure in patients with severe head injury // J. Neurotrauma, 1992. V. 9, Suppl. 1. -P. 317−326.
- Muller M., Bianchi О., Erulku S. et al. Changes in Linear Dynamics of Cerebrovascular System After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury // Stroke, 2003. -V. 34(5).-P. 1197- 1202.
- Muller M., Schwerdtfeger K., Maier B. et al. Cerebral blood flow velocity and inflammatory response after severe traumatic brain injury // Eur. J. Ultrasound, 2001. V.12(3). -P.203−208
- Muttaqin Z., Uozumi Т., Kuwabara S., et al. Hyperaemia prior to acute cerebral swelling in severe head injuries: the role of transcranial Doppler monitoring//Acta Neurochir. (Wien), 1993.-V. 123(1−2).-P. 76−81.
- Nagai H., Moritake К. Takaya M. Correlation between transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and regional cerebral blood flow in experimental intracranial hypertension // Stroke, 1997. V. 28(3). — P. 603 — 607.
- Newell D.W., Aaslid R., Stooss R. et al. Evaluation of hemodynamic responses in head injury patients with transcranial Doppler monitoring // Acta Neurochirurgica (Wien), 1997. -V. 139(9). P. 804 — 817.
- Ng S.C., Poon W.S., Chan M.T. et al. Is transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) good enough in determining C02 reactivity and pressure autoregu-lation in head-injured patients? // Acta Neurochirurgica Suppl., 2002. V. 81. — P. 125−127.
- Novak V., Chowdhary A., Farrar B. et al. Altered cerebral vasoregulation in hypertension and stroke // Neurology, 2003. V. 60(10). — P. 1657 — 1663.
- Obrist W.D., Langfitt T.W., Jaggi J.L. et al. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in comatose patients with acute head injury. Relationship to intracranial hypertension // J. Neurosurgery, 1984. V. 61(2). — P. 241 — 253.
- Oertel M., Kelly D.F., Lee J.H. et al. Efficacy of hyperventilation, blood pressure elevation, and metabolic suppression therapy in controlling intracranial pressure after head injury // J. Neurosurgery, 2002. V.97(5). — P. 1045−1053
- Park C.W., Sturzenegger M., Douville C. et al. Autoregulatory Response and C02 Reactivity of the Basilar Artery // Stroke, 2003. V. 34. — P. 34 — 39.
- Paulson O.B., Strandgaard S., Edvinson L. Cerebral autoregulation // Cerebrovascular Brain Metabolic Review, 1990. V.2. — P.161 — 192.
- Poulin M.J., Fatemian M., Tansley J.G. Changes in cerebral blood flow during and after 48 h of both isocapnic and poikilocapnic hypoxia in humans // Exp. Physiolology, 2002. V. 87. — P. 663−642.
- Puppo C., Lopez L., Panzardo H. et al. Comparison between two static autoregulation evaluation methods // Acta Neurochirurgica Suppl., 2002. V. 81. -P. 129- 132.
- Puppo C., Lopez L., Panzardo H. et al. Comparison between two static autoregulation evaluation methods // Acta Neurochirurgica, 2002. — Suppl. 81. — P.129−132
- Rappaport M. Evaluation of coma and vegetable states // Arch, of Physical Medidicine and Rehabilit., 1992. V. 73., S7. — P. 628−634.
- Rath S.A., Richter H.P. Transcranial Doppler sonography as a reliable diagnostic tool in craniocerebral trauma // Unfallchirurg., 1993. V. 96(11). — P. 569 — 575.
- Ringelstein E.B., Biniek R., Weiler C. et al. Type and extent of hemispheric brain infarctions and clinical outcome in early and delayed middle cerebral artery recanalisation // Neurology, 1992. V. 42. — P. 289 — 298.
- Ringelstein E.B., Sievers C., Ecker S. et al. Noninvasive assessment of C02-induced cerebral vasomotor response in normal individual and patients with internal carotid artery occlusions // Stroke, 1988. V. 19. — P. 963 — 969.
- Ringelstein E.B., Werner C., Razumovsky A. Doppler Ultrasound Monitoring // Neurocritical Care / Ed. Werner Hacke. Springer-Yerlag, 1995. — P. 74 -89.
- Romner В., Bellner J., Kongstad P. et al. Elevated transcranial Doppler flow velocities after severe head injury: cerebral vasospasm or hyperemia? // J. Neurosurgery, 1996. -V. 85(1). P. 90 — 97.
- Rosner MJ, Daughton S. Cerebral perfusion pressure management in head injury. // J. Trauma, 1990. V. 30. — P. 933 — 940.
- Russell D. The detection of cerebral emboli using Doppler ultrasound. Theoretical, experimental and clinical aspects // Transcranial Doppler / ed. Newell D. W, Aaslid R. Raven, New York, 1992. — P. 207 — 214.
- Sander D, Klingelhofer J. Doppler C02 test as an indicator of cerebral vasoreactivity and prognosis in severe intracranial hemorrhages // Stroke, 1992. -V. 23.-P. 962−966
- Schmidt B, Czosnyka M, Raabe A. et al. Adaptive Noninvasive Assessment of Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Autoregulation // Stroke, 2003. V. 34.-P. 84−89.
- Schmidt B, Klingelhofer J, Schwarze J.J. et al. Noninvasive Prediction of Intracranial Pressure Curves Using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography and Blood Pressure Curves // Stroke, 1997. -V. 28. P. 2465 — 2472.
- Schmidt E. A, Czosnyka M, Gooskens I. et al. Preliminary experience of the estimation of cerebral perfusion pressure using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography // J. Neurology, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry, 2001. -V. 70. P. 198 — 204.
- Schmidt E. A, Czosnyka M, Gooskens I. и др./Я. neurol. neurosurg. Psychiatry, 2001. -V. 70. P. 198−204.
- Schmidt E. A, Czosnyka M, Smielewski P. et al. Asymmetry of cerebral autoregulation following head injury // Acta Neurochirurgica Suppl, 2002. -V.81. — P.133—134
- Schmutzhard E, Allan H. Ropper, Hacke W. The Comatose patient // Neu-rocritical Care / Ed. Werner Hacke. Springer-Verlag, 1994. — P. 74−89.
- Schneider G.H., Bardt. Т., Lanksch W.R. et al. Decompressive craniectomy following traumatic brain injury: ICP, CPP and neurological outcome // Acta Neurochirurgica, 2002. Suppl. 81. — P.77−79
- Schwarz S., Georgiadis D., Aschoff A. et al. Effects of Body Position on Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Perfusion in Patients With Large Hemispheric Stroke // Stroke, 2002. V. 33. — P. 497 — 501.
- Schwarz S., Georgiadis D., Aschoff A. et al. Effects of Induced Hypertension on Intracranial Pressure and Flow Velocities of the Middle Cerebral Arteries in Patients With Large Hemispheric Stroke // Stroke, 2002. V. 33. — P. 998 — 1004.
- Segal S.3 Gallagher A.C., Shefler A.G., et al. Survey of the use of intracranial pressure monitoring in children in the United Kingdom // Intensive Care Medicine, 2001. V.27. — P.236−239
- Servadei F., Antonelli V., Giuliani G. et al. Evolving lesions in traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: prospective study of 110 patients with emphasis on the role of ICP monitoring // Acta Neurochirurgica, 2002. Suppl. 81. — P.81−82
- Shafe M., Blaivas M., Hooker E. et al. Noninvasive intracranial cerebral flow velocity evaluation in the emergency department by emergency physicians // Acad. Emerg. Medicine, 2004. V. l 1(7). — P.774−777
- Shigemori M., Kikuchi N., Tokutomi T. et al. Monitoring of severe head-injured patients with transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography // Acta Neurochirurgica Suppl. (Wien), 1992. V. 55. — P. 6 — 7.
- Siesjo B.K. Pathophysiology and treatment of focal cerebral ischaemia. Parts I Pathophysiology. J. Neurosurgery, 1992. -V. 77. P. 169 — 184.
- Singh V., McCartney J.P., Hemphill J.C. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in the neurologic intensive car unit // Neurology India, 2001. — V. 49, suppl. 1.-P. 81 -89.
- Skippen P., Seear M., Poskitt K. et al. Effect of hyperventilation on regional cerebral blood flow in head-injured children // Critical Care Medicine, 1997. -V. 25(8).-P. 1402- 1409.
- Sloan M.A., Alexandrov A.V., Tegeler C.H. et al. Assessment: transcranial Doppler ultrasonography: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology // Neurology, 2004. V.62(9). -P.1468−1481
- Smielewski P., Czosnyka M., Kirkpatrick P. et al. Assessment of Cerebral Autoregulation Using Carotid Artery Compression // Stroke, 1996. V. 27(12). -P. 2197−2203.
- Smielewski P., Czosnyka M., Kirkpatrick P. et al. Evaluation of the transient hyperemic response test in head-injured patients // J. Neurosurgery, 1997. V. 86, 5-P. 773 -778.
- Steiner L.A., Coles J.P., Johnston A.J. et al. Assessment of Cerebrovascular Autoregulation in Head-Injured Patients: A Validation Study // Stroke, 2003. — V. 34(10).-P. 2404−2409.
- Steiner L.A., Coles J.P., Johnston A.J. et al. Assessment of cerebrovascular autoregulation in head-injured patients: a validation study // Stroke, 2003. -V.34(10). P.2404- 2409
- Steiner L.A., Johnston A.J., Czosnyka M. et al. Direct comparison of cerebrovascular effects of norepinephrine and dopamine in head-injured patients // Critical Care Medicine, 2004. V.32(4). — P. 1049−1054
- Steiner T. Neurological monitoring on stroke patients // European J. Anesthesiology, 1998.-V. 15, Suppl.17. P. 47−48.
- Steinmeier R., Bauhuf C., Hubner U. et al. Slow Rhythmic Oscillations of Blood Pressure, Intracranial Pressure, Microcirculation, and Cerebral Oxygenation. Dynamic Interrelation and Time Course in Humans // Stroke, 1996. V. 27.-P. 2236−2243.
- Sternbach G.L. The Glasgow coma scale // J. Emergency Medicine, 2000. -V. 19(1).-P. 67−71.
- Struthers S.L., Lee M.T., Marden В., et al. Severe traumatic brain injury and cerebral perfusion pressure in children // Intensive Care Medicine, 2001. V. 27 (Suppl 2). — P.264−272
- Tan H., Feng H., Gao L. et al. Outcome prediction in severe traumatic brain injury with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography // China J. Traumatology, 2001.-V. 4(3).-P. 156- 160.
- Teres D., Brown R.B., Lemeshow S. Predicting mortality of intensive care unit patients. The importance of coma // Crit. Care Med., 1982. V. 10. — P. 86−90.
- Textbook of neuroanestesia with neurosurgical and neuroscience perspectives. Maurice S. Albin, editor. The McGraw-Hill Companies, 1997. 1381 p.
- Thiel A., Zickmann В., Zimmermann R. et al. Transcranial Doppler sonography: effects of halothane, enflurane and isoflurane on blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery // Br. J. Anesthesiology, 1992. V. 68. — P. 388 -393.
- Trabold F., Meyer P.G., Blanot S. et al. The prognostic value of transcranial Doppler studies in children with moderate and severe head injury // Intensive Care Medicine, 2004. V.30(l). — P. 108−112
- Udekwu P., Kromhout-Schiro S., Vaslef S. et al. Glasgow Coma Scale score, mortality, and functional outcome in head-injured patients // J. Trauma., 2004. — V. 56(5).-P. 1084−1089.
- Van der Linden J.H., Casimir-Ahn H. When do cerebral emboli appear during open heart operations? A transcranial Doppler study // Annual Thoracal surgery, 1991.-V. 51.-P. 237−241.
- Van Lieshout J J., Wieling W., Karemaker J.M. Syncope, cerebral perfusion, and oxygenation // J. of Applied Physiology, 2003. V. 94. — P. 833 — 848
- Van Santbrink H., Schouten J.W., Steyerberg E.W. et al. Serial transcranial Doppler measurements in traumatic brain injury with special focus on the earlyposttraumatic period // Acta Neurochirurgica, 2002. V. 144(11). — P. 11 411 149
- Vandekerckhove T. Transcranial Doppler in severe head injury // European J. Anesthesiology, 1998. -V. 15, Suppl. 17. P. 63 — 64.
- Vavilala M.S., Lee L.A., Boddu K. et al. Cerebral autoregulation in pediatric traumatic brain injury // Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 2004. V.5(3). -P.257−263
- Vespa P. What is the optimal threshold for cerebral perfusion pressure following traumatic brain injury? Neurosurgical focus 15(6), 2003. © 2003 American Association of Neurological Surgeons. -www.medscape.com/viewarticle/466 997 02.02.2004.
- Von Reutern G.M., Hetzel A., Birnbaum D. et al. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with severe carotid stenosis or occlusion // Stroke, 1988. V. 19. — P. 674 — 680.
- Werner C., Hoffman W.E., Baughman V.L. et al. Effects of sufentanil on cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood flow velocity and metabolism in dogs // An-aesth. Analgesy, 1991.-V. 72. P. 177 — 181.
- Werner C., Hoffman W.E., Kochs E. et al. The effects on propofol on cerebral blood flow in correlation to cerebral blood flow velocity in dogs // J. Neurosurgery, Anesthesiology, 1992. V. 4. — P. 41 — 46.
- Yonas H. Mapping cerebral blood flow by xenon-enhanced computerized tomography: Clinical experience //Radiology, 1984. -V. 152 P. 435−439.