Роль мультспиральной компьютерной ангиографии в выявлении коронарного атеросклероза у пациентов с атипичным синдромом в грудной клетке
Диссертация
Смертность от болезней системы кровообращения в России в 2006 г. составила 56,5% смертности от всех остальных причин. Из них около половины пришлось на смертность от ИБС. По данным Государственного научно-исследовательского центра профилактической медицины, в России почти 10 млн. трудоспособного населения страдают ИБС, более трети из них имеют стенокардию. Важно помнить, что в популяции только… Читать ещё >
Список литературы
- Алехин М.Н., Божьев Ф. М., Морозова Ю. А. и др. Стресс-эхокардиография с тредмилом в диагностике стенозирующего атеросклероза коронарных артерий // Кардиология. 2000. — № 2. — С. 812.
- Аронов Д.М., Ахмеджанов Н. М., Балахонова Т.В и др. Диагностика и лечение стабильной стенокардии. Российские рекомендации // Профилактическая медицина (Профилактика заболеваний и укрепления здоровья) М.: Медиа Сфера, 2005 № 2.
- Аронов Д.М., Лупанов В. П. Функциональные пробы в кардиологии. -М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2003. 2-е изд. — 296 с.
- Беленков Ю.Н., Оганов Р. Г. Кардиология. Национальное руководство. М., ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2007.
- Гагарина Н.В. Использование количественной диагностики кальциноза коронарных артерий с помощью электронно-лучевой томографии в диагностике ИБС: Автореферат дис. кандидата мед. наук. — М.: РКНПК, 2000. 24 с.
- Мультиспиральная компьютерно-томографическая коронарография у больных хирургического профиля / Акиньфиев Д. М., Кармазановский Г. Г., Коков Л. С. и др. Под ред. В. Д. Федорова, Г. Г. Кармазановского. -М.: Издательский дом Видар-М, 2010.-160 с.
- Терновой С.К., Синицин В. Е., Гагарина Н. В. Неинвазивная диагностика атеросклероза и кальциноза коронарных артерий. М: Атмосфера, 200. -144 с.
- Терновой С.К., Синицын В. Е. Спиральная компьютерная и электроннолучевая ангиография. М.: Видар, 1998. — 144 с.
- Устюжанин Д.М. КТ-ангиография коронарных артерий: автореферат дис. кандидата медицинских наук. — М.: РКНПК, 2007. 24 с.
- Achenbach S., Moshage W., Ropers D., et al. Value of electronbeam computed tomography for the detection of high-grade coronary artery stenoses and occlusions // N Engl J Med. 1998. — Vol. 339. — P. 1964−1667.
- Achenbach S., Ropers D., Pohle F.K. et al. Detection of coronary artery stenoses using multidetector CT with 16×0.75 collimation and 375 ms rotation // Eur Heart J. 2005. — Vol. 26. — P. 1978−1986.
- Agatston A.S., Janowitz W.R., Hildner F.J. et al. Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography // J Am Coll Cardiol. — 1990.- Vol. 15.- P. 827−832.
- Alkadhi H., Scheffel H., Desbiolles L. et al. Dual-source computed tomography coronary angiography: influence of obesity, calcium load, and heart rate on diagnostic accuracy // Eur Heart J 2008. — Vol. 29(6). — P. 766 776.
- American Heart Association Committee Report. A reporting system on patients evaluated for coronary artery disease // Circulation. 1999. — Vol. 51.-P. 7−34.
- American Heart Association. Heart and stroke statistical update. Dallas: American Heart Association, 1997.
- Andreini D., Pontone G., Pepi M., et al. Diagnostic accuracy of multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy // J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007. — Vol. 49. — P. 2044−2050.
- Baks T. et al. Multislice computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of reperfused acute myocardial infarction // J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006. — Vol. 48. — P. 144−152.
- Bastarrika G., Yeong Lee Y. S., Huda W., et al. CT of coronary artery disease // radiology. 2009 — Vol. 253. — P. 317 — 338.
- Becker C.R., Kleffel T., Crispin A. et al. Coronary artery calcium measurement: agreement of multirow detector and electron beam CT // AJR. -2001.-Vol. 176.- P. 1295−1298.
- Berman D.S., Hachamovitch R., Shaw L.J. et al. Roles of nuclear cardiology, cardiac computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance: assessment of patients with suspected coronary artery disease // J. Nucl. Med. — 2006. — Vol. 47.-P. 74−82.
- Blankenhorn D.H., Stern D. Calcification of the coronary arteries // Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1959. — Vol. 81. — P. 772−777.
- Brodoefel H., Burgstahler C., Tsiflikas I. Dual-source CT: effect of heart rate, heart rate variability, and calcification on image quality and diagnostic accuracy // Radiology. 2008. — Vol. 247(2). — P. 346 — 355.
- Cademartiri-F., Mollet N., Lemos P.A., et al. Standard versus userinteractive assessment of significant coronary stenoses with multislice computed tomography coronary angiography // Am J Cardiol. — 2004. Vol. 94. — P. 1590−1593.
- Callister T.Q., Cooil B., Raya S.P. et al. Coronary artery disease: improved reproducibility of calcium scoring with an electron-beam CT volumetric method // Radiology. 1998. — Vol. 208. — P. 807−814.
- Callister T.Q., Raggi P., Cooil B., et al. Effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on coronary artery disease as assessed by electron-beam computed tomography // N Engl J Med. 1998. — Vol. 339. — P. 1972−1978.
- Carrigan T.P., Nair D., Schoenhagen P., et al. Prognostic utility of 64-slice computed tomography in patients with suspected but no documented coronary artery disease // Eur. Heart J. 2009. — Vol. 30. — P. 362 — 371.
- Chambers J., Bass C. Chest pain with normal coronary anatomy: a review of natural history and possible etiologic factors // Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 1990. -Vol. 33.-P. 161−184.
- Cheng Y.J., Church T.S., Kimball T.E. et al. Comparison of coronary artery calcium detected by electron beam tomography in patients with to those without symptomatic coronary heart disease // Am J Cardiol. 2003. — Vol. 92.-P. 498−503.
- Coles D.R., Smail M.A., Negus I.S., et al. Comparison of radiation doses from multislice computed tomography coronary angiography and conventional diagnostic angiography // J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006. — Vol. 47. — P. 18 401 845.
- Conroy R., Pyorala K., Fitzgerald A.P. et al. SCORE project group. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project // Eur Heart J. 2003. — Vol. 24. — P. 987−1003.
- Daniell A.L., Friedman J.D., Ben-YosefN. et al. Concordance of coronary calcium estimation between MDCT and electron beam tomography // Am J Roentgenol.-2005.-Vol. 185.-P. 1542−1545.
- Dirksen M.S., Jukema J.W., Bax J.J. et al. Cardiac multidetector-row computed tomography in patients with unstable angina // Am J Cardiol. — 2005.-Vol. 95.-P. 457−461.
- Ehara M., Kawai M., Surmely J.F., et al. Diagnostic accuracy of coronary in-stent restenosis using 64-slice computed tomography: comparison with invasive coronary angiography // J Am Coll Cardiol. — 2007. — Vol. 49. — P. 951−959.
- Einstein A.J., Henzlova M.J., Rajagopalan S. Estimating risk of cancer associated with radiation exposure from 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography // JAMA. 2007. — Vol. 298. — P. 317−323.
- Executive summary of the third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) // JAMA. 2001. -Vol. 285.-P. 2486−2497.
- Fishman E.K. Introduction to 64-slice CT and its role in coronary imaging // Suppl. Applied Radiol. 2005. — S 8−13.
- Garcia M.J., Lessick J., Hoffmann M.H. Accuracy of 16-row multidetector computed tomography for the assessment of coronary artery stenosis // JAMA. 2006. — Vol. 296. — P. 403−411.
- Ghostine S., Caussin C., Daoud B., et al. Non-invasive detection of coronary artery disease in patients with left bundle branch block using 64-slice computed tomography // J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006. — Vol. 48. P. 1929−1934.
- Gibbons L.M., Mitchell T.L., Wei M. et al. Maximal exercise test as a predictor of risk for mortality from coronary heart disease in asymptomatic men // Am. J. Cardiol. 2000. — Vol. 86. — P. 53−58.
- Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina) // J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003.-Vol. 41.-P. 159−168.
- Giesler T., Baum U., Ropers D. et al. Noninvasive visualization of coronary arteries using contrast-enhanced multidetector CT: influence of heart rate on image quality and stenosis detection // Am J Roentgenol. — 2002. — Vol. 179. -P. 911−917.
- Glagov S., Weisenberg E., Zarins C.K. et al. Compensatory enlargement of human atherosclerotic coronary arteries // N Engl J Med. 1987. — Vol. 316. -P. 1371−1375.
- Goldstein J.A., Gallagher M.J., O’Neill W.W., et al. A randomized controlled trial of multi-slice coronary computed tomography for evaluation of acute chest pain // J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007. — Vol. 49. — P. 863−871.
- Groothuis J.G., Beek A.M., Brinckman S.L., et al. Low to intermediate probability of coronary artery disease: comparison of coronary CT angiography with first-pass MR myocardial perfusion imaging // Radiology. -2010. Vol. 254. — P. 384 — 392.
- Haberl R., Becker A., Leber A. et al. Correlation of coronary calcification and angiographically documented stenoses in patients with suspected coronary artery disease: results of 1,764 patients // J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001. — Vol. 37.-P. 45157.
- Hamon M., Morello R., Riddell J.W., et al. Coronary arteries: diagnostic performance of 16- versus 64-section spiral CT compared with invasive coronary angiography—meta-analysis // Radiology. 2007. — Vol. 245. — P. 720−731.
- Hausleiter J., Meyer T., Hadamitzky M., et al. Prevalence of noncalcified coronary plaques by 64-slice computed tomography in patients with an intermediate risk for significant coronary artery disease // J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006.-Vol. 48.-P. 312−318.
- Herzog B. A., Wyss C.A., Husmann L., et al. Coronary angiography prospective ECG-triggering versus invasive radiation dose from low-dose 64slice CT with. First head-to-head comparison of effective // Heart. 2009. -Vol. 95.-P. 1656−1661.
- Herzog C., Abolmaali N., Balzer J.O., et al. Heart-rate-adapted image reconstruction in multidetector-row cardiac CT: influence of physiological and technical prerequisite on image quality // Eur Radiol. 2002. — Vol. 12. -P. 2670−2678.
- Hoff J.A., Chomka E.V., Krainik A.J. et al. Age and gender distributions of coronary artery calcium detected by electron beam tomography in 35,246 adults//Am J Cardiol.-2001.-Vol. 87.-P. 1335−1339.
- Hoffmann M.H., Shi H., Schmitz B.L. et al. Noninvasive coronary angiography with multislice computed tomography // JAMA. 2005. — Vol. 293.-P. 2471−2478.
- Hoffmann U. Coronary CT angiography // J Nuclear Medcine. 2006. — Vol. 5.-P. 797−806.
- Hoffmann U., Nagurney J.T., Moselewski F., rt al. Coronary multidetector computed tomography in the assessment of patients with acute chest pain // Circulation. 2006. — Vol. 114. — P. 2251−2260.
- Hotopf M., Mayou R., Wadsworth M. et al. Psychosocial and developmental antecedents of chest pain in young adults // Psychosom. Med. 1999. — Vol. 61.-P. 861−867.
- Hu H., He H.D., Foley W.D., et al. Four multidetector-row helical CT: image quality and volume coverage speed // Radiology. — 2000. Vol. 215. — P. 5562.
- Jakobs T.F., Becker C.R., Ohnesorge B., et al. Multislice helical CT of the heart with retrospective ECG gating: reduction of radiation exposure by ECG-controlled tube current modulation // Eur Radiol. 2002. — Vol. 12. — P. 1081−1086.
- Jones C.M., Athanasiou T., Dunne N, et al. Multi-slice computed tomography in coronary artery disease // Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2006. — Vol. 30. — P. 443 — 450.
- Jong P., Mohammed S., Sternberg L. Sex differences in the features of coronary artery disease of patients undergoing coronary angiography // Can J Cardiol. 1996. — Vol. 12. — P. 671−677.
- Kaski J.C., Rosano G.V., Collins P. et al. Cardiac syndrome X: clinical characteristics and left ventricular function: long-term follow-up study // J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995. — Vol. 25. — P. 807−814.
- Klues H.G., Schwarz E.R., vom Dahl J. et al. Disturbed intracoronary hemodynamics in myocardial bridging: early normalization by intracoronary stent placement // Circulation. 1997. — Vol. 96. — P. 2905−2913.
- Kopp A.F., Schroeder S., Kuettner A. et al. Coronary arteries: retrospectively ECG-gated multi-detector row CT angiography with selective optimization of the image reconstruction window // Radiology. — 2001. Vol. 221. — P. 683 688.
- Kopp A.F., Schroeder S., Kuettner A., et al. Non-invasive coronary angiography with high resolution multidetector-row computed tomography. Results in 102 patients // Eur Heart J. 2002. — Vol. 23(21). — P. 1714−1725.
- Kuettner A., Beck T., Drosch T. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive coronary imaging using 16-detector slice spiral computed tomography with 188 ms temporal resolution // J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005. — Vol. 45. — P. 123 127.
- Kuettner A., Trabold T., Schroeder S., et al. Noninvasive detection of coronary lesions using 16-detector multislice spiral computed tomography technology: initial clinical results // J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004. — Vol. 44(6). -P. 1230−1237.
- Leber A.W., Johnson T., Becker A. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of dual-source multi-slice CT-coronary angiography in patients with an intermediate pretest likelihood for coronary artery disease // Eur. Heart J. 2007. — Vol. 28. — P. 2354 — 2360.
- Lee T.H., Rouan G.W., Weisberg M.C., et al. Clinical characteristics and natural history of patients sent home from the emergency room // Am J Cardiol. 1987. — Vol. 60. — P. 219 -224.
- Leontiev O., Dubinsky T.J. CT-based calcium scoring to screen for coronary artery disease: why aren’t we there yet? // Am. J. Roentgenol. — 2007. Vol. 189.-P. 1061 — 1063.
- Leschka S., Alkadhi H., Plass A., et al. Accuracy of MSCT coronary angiography with 64-slice technology: first experience // Eur Heart J. — 2005. -Vol. 26.-P. 1482−1487.
- Leschka S., Scheffel H., Husmann L. et al. Effect of decrease in heart rate variability on the diagnostic accuracy of 64-MDCT coronary angiography // Am. J. Roentgenol. 2008, — Vol. 190. — P. 1583 — 1590.
- Lin G.A., Dudley R.A., Lucas F.L., et al. Frequency of stress testing to document ischemia prior to elective percutaneous coronary intervention // JAMA. 2008.-Vol. 300.-P. 1765−1773.
- Mahnken A.H., Miihlenbruch G., Seyfarth T., et al. 64- slice computed tomography assessment of coronary artery stents: phantom study // Acta Radiol. 2006. — Vol. 47(1). — P. 36−42.
- Martuscelli E., Romagnoli A., D’Eliseo A. et al. Accuracy of thin-slice computed tomography in the detection of coronary stenoses // Eur Heart J. -2004.-Vol. 25.-P. 1043−1048.
- Mather R. Multislice CT: 64 slices and beyond // Radiol Manage. 2005. -Vol. 27(3). — P. 46−48, 50−52.
- Meijboom W.B., Mollet N.R., van Mieghem C.A., et al. 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome // Heart. 2007. — Vol. 93. — P. 1386−1392.
- Min J.K., Gilmore A., Budoff M J., et al. Cost-effectiveness of coronary CT angiography versus myocardial perfusion SPECT for evaluation of patients with chest pain and no known coronary artery disease // Radiology. — 2010. -Vol. 254.-P. 801 -808.
- Mollet N.R., Cademartiri F., Krestin G.P., et al. Improved diagnostic accuracy with 16-row multi slice computed tomography coronary angiography // J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005. — Vol. 45. — P. 128−132.
- Mollet N.R., Cademartiri F., Nieman K. et al. Multislice spiral CT coronary angiography in patients with stable angina pectoris // J Am Coll Cardiol.2004. Vol. 43. — P. 2265−2270.
- Mollet N.R., Cademartiri F., Van Mieghem C., et al. Adjunctive value of CT coronary angiography in the diagnostic work-up of patients with typical angina pectoris // Eur Heart J. 2007. — Vol. 28. — P. 1872−1878.
- Mollet N.R., Cademartiri F., van Mieghem C.A. et al. High-resolution spiral computed tomography coronary angiography in patients referred for diagnostic conventional coronary angiography // Circulation. — 2005. — Vol. 112.-P. 2318−2323.
- Muhlenbruch G., Seyfarth T., Soo C.S., et al. Diagnostic value of 64-slice multi-detector row cardiac CTA in symptomatic patients // Eur Radiol. -2007. Vol. 17. — P. 603−609.
- Nakanishi T., Ito K., Imazu M., et al. Evaluation of coronary artery stenoses using electron-beam CT and multiplanar reformation // J Comp Assist Tomogr.- 1997.-Vol. 21.-P. 121−127.
- Nakanishi T., Kayashima Y., Inoue R., et al Kotaro. Pitfalls in 16-Detector Row CT of the Coronary Arteries // RadioGraphics. 2005. — Vol. 25. — P. 425 — 438.
- Namdar M., Hany T.F., Koepfli P., et al. Integrated PET/CT for the assessment of coronary artery disease: a feasibility study // J Nucl Med.2005. Vol. 46. — P. 930−935.
- Newcombre R.G. Two-sided confidence intervals for the single proportion: comparison of seven methods // Statistics in Medicine. — 1998. Vol.17. -P.857 — 872.
- Nieman K., Cademartiri F., Lemos P.A. et al. Reliable noninvasive coronary angiography with fast submillimeter multislice spiral computed tomography // Circulation. 2002. — Vol. 106. — P. 2051−2054.
- Nieman K., Oudkerk M., Rensing B.J., et al. Coronary angiography with multi-slice computed tomography // Lancet. 2001. — Vol. 357. — P. 599−603
- Nieman K., Rensing B.J., van Geuns R.J., et al. Usefulness of multislice computed tomography for detecting obstructive coronary artery disease // Am J Cardiol. 2002.-Vol. 89(8).-P. 913−918.
- Nieman K., Rensing B.J., van Geuns R.-J.M. et al. Non-invasive coronary angiography with multislice spiral computed tomography: impact of heart rate // Heart. 2002. — Vol. 88. — P. 470−474.
- Nikolaou K., Knez A., Rist C., et al. Accuracy of 64-MDCT in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease // AJR. 2006. — Vol. 187. — P. 111−117.
- Ohnesorge B., Flohr T., Becker C., et al. Cardiac imaging by means of electrocardiographically gated multisection spiral CT: initial experience // Radiology. 2000. — Vol. 217. — P. 564−571.
- Patel M. R, Peterson E.D., Dai D. et al. Low diagnostic yield of elective coronary angiography // N Engl. J Med. 2010. — Vol. 362. — P. 886−895.
- Pundziute G., Schuijf J.D., Jukema J.W., et al. Prognostic value of multislice computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2007. — Vol. 49. -P. 62 — 70.
- Raff G.L., Gallagher M.J., O’Neill W.W., et al. Diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive coronary angiography using 64-slice spiral computed tomography // J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005. — Vol. 46. — P. 552−557.
- Reddy G.P., Chernoff D.M., Adams J.R., et al. Coronary artery stenoses: assessment with contrast-enhanced electron-beam CT and axial reconstructions // Radiology. 1998. — Vol. 208. — P. 167−172.
- Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus // Diabetes Care. 1997. — Vol. 20. — P. 1183−1197.
- Ropers D., Anders K., Baum U., et al. Noninvasive coronary angiography by retrospectively ECG-gated 64-slice spiral computed tomography: initial clinical experiences abstract. // J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005. Vol. 45. — P. 311A.
- Ropers D., Baum U., Pohle K. et al. Detection of coronary artery stenoses with thin-slice multi-detector row spiral computed tomography and multiplanar reconstruction // Circulation. 2003. — Vol.107. — P. 664−666.
- Ropers D., Pohle F.K., Kuettner A., et al. Diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive coronary angiography in patients after bypass surgery using 64-slice spiral computed tomography with 330-ms gantry rotation // Circulation. 2006. -Vol. 114.-P. 2334−2341.
- Rumberger J.A., Brundage B.H., Rader D.J. Electron beam computed tomographic coronary calcium scanning: a review and guidelines for use in asymptomatic persons // Mayo Clin Proc. 1999. — Vol. 74(3). — P. 243−252.
- Rumberger J.A., Simons D.B., Fitzpatrick L.A., et al. Coronary artery calcium area by electron-beam computed tomography and coronary atherosclerotic plaque area: a histopathologic correlative study // Circulation. 1995. — Vol. 92.-P. 2157−2162.
- Scheffela H., Stolzmanna P., Plassb A., et al. Coronary artery disease in patients with cardiac tumors: preoperative assessment by computed tomography coronary angiography // Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery.-2010.-Vol. 10.-P. 513−518.
- Schuijf J.D., Bax J.J., Jukema J.W., et al. Noninvasive angiography and assessment of left ventricular function using multislice computed tomography in patients with type 2 diabetes // Diabetes Care. 2004. — Vol. 27(12). — P. 2905−2910.
- Schuijf J.D., Bax J.J., Jukema J.W., et al. Noninvasive evaluation of the coronary arteries with multislice computed tomography in hypertensive patients // Hypertension. 2004. — Vol. 45(2). — P. 227−232.
- Schuijf J.D., Bax J.J., Salm L.P., et al. Noninvasive coronary imaging and assessment of left ventricular function using 16-slice computed tomography // Am J Cardiol.-2005.-Vol. 95.-P. 571−574.
- Schuijf J.D., Wijns W., Jukema J.W., et al. Relationship between noninvasive coronary angiography with multi-slice computed tomography and myocardial perfusion imaging // J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006. — Vol. 48. — P. 2508−2514.
- Schwartz L., Bourassa M. G. Evaluation of patients with chest pain and normal coronary angiograms // Arch Intern Med. 2001. — Vol. 161. — P. 1825 — 1833.
- Seifarth H., Ozgun M., Raupach R. et al. 64-Versus 16- slice CT angiography for coronary artery stent assessment: in vitro experience // Invest Radiol. — 2006. Vol. 41(1). — P. 22−27.
- Taylor A.J., Merz C.N., Udelson J.E. 34th Bethesda conference: executive summary—can atherosclerosis imaging techniques improve the detection of patients at risk for ischemic heart disease? // J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003. -Vol.41. — P. 1860−1862.
- Taylor A.J., Rogan K.M., Virmani R. Sudden cardiac death associated with isolated congenital coronary artery anomalies // JAmColl Cardiol. 1992. -Vol. 20.-P. 640−647.
- Trabold T., Buchgeister M., Kuttner A., et al. Estimation of radiation exposure in 16-detector row computed tomography of the heart with retrospective ECG-gating // Rofo. 2003. — Vol. 175. — P. 1051−1055.
- Van Ooijen P.M., Oudkerk M., van Geuns R.J., et al. Coronary artery fly-through using electron beam computed tomography circulation. — 2000. — Vol. 102.-P.E6-E10.
- Watkins M.W., Hesse B., Green C.E., et al. Detection of coronary artery stenosis using 40-channel computed tomography with multi-segment reconstruction // Am J Cardiol. 2007. — Vol. 99. — P. 175−181.
- White Ch.S., Kuo D. Chest pain in the emergency department: role of multidetector CT // Radiology. 2007. — Vol. 245. — P. 672−681.