Вариабельность ритма сердца и неинвазивные сердечно-сосудистые рефлекторные тесты при обострении коронарной болезни сердца: клиническое значение и влияние медикаментозного лечения
Диссертация
Несмотря на успехи, достигнутые в лечении инфаркта миокарда (ИМ), смертность больных, переживших острый период заболевания, на протяжении ближайшего года может достигать 10% и более. При этом как минимум половина летальных исходов наступает внезапно. Соответственно, выявление лиц с высоким риском СС — важнейшая клиническая задача, так как в этих случаях оправдано более агрессивное лечение… Читать ещё >
Список литературы
- Priori S. G., Aliot E., Blomstrom-Lundqvist С. et al. Task Force on Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology. European Heart Journal 2001- 22: 1374−1450.
- Болдуева С.А. Предикторы внезапной кардиальной смерти, возможности ее прогнозирования и профилактики у больных, перенесших инфаркт миокарда. Автореф. докт. дисс., Санкт-Петербург, 2002 г.
- Craig М., Pratt С.М., Camm A.J. Can Antiarhythmic Drugs Survive Trials? Am J Cardiol 1998- 81(6A): 24D-34D.
- The CAPRICORN Investigators. Effect of carvedilol on outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction: the CAPRICORN randomised trial. Lancet 2001- 357: 1385−1390.
- Pitt В., Remme W., Zannad F. et al. Eplerenone, a Selective Aldosterone Blocker, in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2003- 348: 1309−1321.
- Camm A.J.- Pratt C.M., Schwartz P.J. et al. Mortality in Patients After a Recent Myocardial Infarction A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Azimilide Using Heart Rate Variability for Risk Stratification. Circulation 2004- 109: 990−996.
- Schiele F., Maneveau N., Seronde M.F. et al. Compliance with guidelines and 1-year mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a prospective study. Eur Heart J 2005- 26: 873−880.
- Yap G.Y., Duong Т., Bland M. et al. Temporal trends on the risk of arrhythmic vs. non-arrhythmic deaths in high-risk patients after myocardial infarction: a combined analysis from multicentre trials. Eur Heart J 2005- 26: 1385−1393.
- Mushlin A.I., Hall W.J., Zwanziger J. et al. The cost-effectiveness of automatic implantable cardiac defibrillators: results from MADIT. Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial. Circulation 1998- 97: 2129−2135.
- Buxton A.E., Lee K.L., Fisher J.D. et al. A randomized study of the prevention of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease. Multicenter Un-sustained Tachycardia Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med 1999- 341: 1882−1890.
- Moss A.J., Zareba W., Hall W.J. et al. Prophylactic Implantation of a Defibrillator in Patients With Myocardial Infarction and Reduced Ejection Fraction. N Engl J Med 2002- 346: 877−883.
- Wilber D.J., Zareba W., Hall W.J. et al. Time Dependence of Mortality Risk and Defibrillator Benefit After Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 2004- 109: 1082−1084.
- Hohnloser S.H., Kuck K.H., Doria P. et al. Prophylactic Use of an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator after Acute Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2004−351:2481−2488.
- Priori S. G., Aliot E., Blomstrom-Lundqvist C. et al. Update of the guidelines on sudden cardiac death of the European Society of Cardiology. European Heart Journal 2003- 24: 13−15.
- Gillis A.M. Prophylactic Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators after Myocardial Infarction — Not for Everyone. N Engl J Med 2004- 351: 2481−2488.
- Kent K.M., Smith E.R., Redwood D.R. et al. Electrical Stability of Acutely Ischemic Myocardium: Influences of Heart Rate and Vagal Stimulation. Circulation 1973- 47: 291−298.
- Lown B., Verrier R.L. Neural activity and ventricular fibrillation. N Engl J Med 1976- 294:1165−1170.
- Schwartz P.J. The role of the autonomic nervous system in sudden coronary death. Arm Ny Acad Sci 1982- 382- 162−180.
- Zipes D.P. Influence of Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction on Autonomic Innervation of Heart. Circulation 1990- 82: 1095−1099.
- Schwartz P.J., La Rovere M.T., Vanoli E. Autonomic nervous system and sudden cardiac death: experimental basis and clinical observations for post-myocardial infarction risk stratification. Circulation 1992- 85 (suppl I):I-77-I-91.
- Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart Rate Variability. Standards of Measurements, Physiological Interpretation, and Clinical Use. Circulation 1996- 93: 1043−1065.
- Халфен Э.Ш., Темкин Б. М. Клиническое значение исследования энтропии сердечного ритма у больных инфарктом миокарда. Кардиология 1983- 9: 37−41.
- Lombardi F., Sandrone G., Pempruner S. et al. Heart Rate Variability as an Index of Sympatovagal Interaction After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Am J Cardiol 1987- 60: 1239−1245.
- Bigger J.T., Fleiss J.L., Rolnitzky L.M. et al. Time Course of Recovery of Heart Rate Period Variability After Myocardial Infarction. JACC 1991- 18: 1643−1649.
- Farrell Т.О., Bashir Y., Cripps N. et al. Risk Stratification for Arrhythmic Events in Postinfarction Patients Based on Heart Rate Variability, Ambulatory Electrocardiographic Variables and Signal-Averaged Electrocardiogram. JACC 1991- 18: 687−697.
- Casolo G.C., Stroder P., Signorini C. et al. Heart Rate variability during the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Circulation 1992- 85: 2073−2079.
- Bigger J.T., Reiss J.L., Steinman R.C. Frequency Domain Measures of Heart Period Variability and Mortality Rate After Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 1992- 85: 164−171.
- Bigger J.T., Fleiss J.L., Rolnitzky L.M. ct al. Stability Over Time of Heart Period Variability in Patients with Previous Myocardial Infarction and Ventricular Arrhythmias. Am J Cardiol 1992- 69: 718−723.
- Bigger J.T., Reiss J.L., Rolnitzky L.M. et al. Frequency Domain Measures of Heart Rate Variability to Assess Risk Late After Myocardial Infarction. JACC 1993−21:729−736.
- Molgaard H., Mickley H., Pless P. et al. Effects of Metoprolol on Heart Rate Variability in Survivors of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Am J Cardiol 1993- 71: 1357−1359.
- Dambrink J-H.E., Tuininga Y.S., van Gilst W.H. et al. Association between reduced heart rate variability and left ventricular dilatation in patients with a first anterior myocardial infarction. Br Heart J 1994- 72: 514−520.
- Huang J., Leatham E.D., Redwood S. et al. Heart rate variability is depressed in patients with unstable angina. Eur Heart J 1994- 15: 140.
- Huang J., Leatham E., Redwood S. et al. Assessment of autonomic nervous activity in unstable angina with and without ischaemic electrocardiogram changes. Eur Heart J 1994- 15: 507.
- Bigger J.T., Fleiss J.L., Steinman R.C. et al. RR Variability in Healthy, Middle-Aged Persons Compared With Patients With Chronic Coronary Heart Disease or Recent Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 1995- 91: 1936−1943.
- Andresen D., Bruggemann Т., Behrens S., Ehlers C. Heart Rate Re-sponce to Provocative Maneuvers. In: Heart Rate Variability. Eds. Malik M., Camm A.J. Futura Publishing Company, Inc. 1995: 267−274.
- La Rovere M.T., Bigger Jr J. Т., Marcus F.I. et al. Baroreflex sensitivity and heart-rate variability in prediction of total cardiac mortality after myocardial infarction. Lancet 1998- 351: 478−484.
- La Rovere M.T., Pinna G.D., Hohnloser S.H. et al. Baroreflex Sensitivity and Heart Rate Variability in the Identification of Patients at Risk for Life-Threatening Arrhythmias. Implications for Clinical Trials. Circulation 2001- 103: 2072−2077.
- Болдуева С.А., Жук B.C., Леонова И. А. и соавт. Прогностическое значение временных и спектральных показателей вариабельности сердечного ритма в отношении внезапной смерти у больных, перенесших инфаркт миокарда. Вестник аритмологии 2001- № 24: 17−21.
- Жук B.C., Болдуева С. А. и соавт. Вариабельность сердечного ритма при вегетативных пробах у больных инфарктом миокарда и ее прогностическое значение для внезапной смерти. Ультразвуковая и функциональная диагностика 2002- № 4: 128−134.
- Kautzner J., P. Stovicek P., Anger Z. et al. Utility of short-term heart rate variability for prediction of sudden cardiac death after acute myocardial infarction. Acta Univ Palacki Olomuc Fac Med 1998- 141: 69−73.
- Steeds R., Fletcher J., Smith M., West J. et al. Prognostic Significance of Early Short-Term Measurements of Heart Rate Variability Following Acute Myocardial Infarction. Am J Cardiol 2004- 94: 1275−1278.
- Kleiger R.E., Stein P.K., Bigger J.T. Heart rate variability: measurement and clinical utility. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2005- 10: 88−101.
- Moser M., Lehofer M., Sedminek A. Heart Rate Variability as a Prognostic Tool in Cardiology. A Contribution to the Problem From a Theoretical Point of View. Circulation 1994- 90:1078−1082.
- Sandrone G., Mortara A., Torzulo D. et al. Effects of Beta-Blockers (Atenolol or Metoprolol) on Heart Rate Variability After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Am J Cardiol 1994- 74: 340−345
- Schwartz P.J., de Ferrari G.M. Interventions Changing Heart Rate Variability After acute myocardial Infarction. In: Heart Rate Variability. Eds. Malik M., Camm A.J. Futura Publishing Company, Inc. 1995: 407−420.
- Fei L. Effects of Pharmacological Interventions on Heart Rate Variability: Animal Experiments and Clinical Observations. In: Heart Rate Variability. Eds. Malik M., Camm A.J. Futura Publishing Company, Inc. 1995: 275−291.
- Frey A.W., Fischer A., Dambacher M. et al. Increase of vagal influenceafter metoprolol during acute myocardial ischemia after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Eur Heart J 1994- 15: 224.
- Ablad B., Bjorkman J.-A., Gustafsson D. et al. The role of sympathetic activity in atherosclerosis, effects of beta-blockers. Am. Heart J. 1988- 116 (suppl.): 322−327.
- Niemela M.J., Airaksinen L.J., Huikuri H.V. Effect of Beta-Blockade on Heart Rate Variability in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. JACC 1994- 23: 1370−1377.
- Casadei B., Long V., Bryant J. et al. Crossover comparison between atenolol (50 mg od) and metoprolol (100 mg od) in patients after myocardial infarction. Eur. Heart J. 1996- 17 (abstr. suppl.): 259.
- Lurje L., Wennerblom B., Tygesen H. et al. Heart rate variability after acute myocardial infarction in patients treated with atenolol and metoprolol. Int J Cardiol 1997- 60: 157−64.
- Kardos A., Long V., Bryant J. et al. Lipophilic versus hydrophilic betar blockers and the cardiac sympato-vagal balance during stress and daily activity in patients after acute myocardial infarction. Heart 1998- 79: 153−160.
- Schwartz G.G., Olsson A.G., Ezekowitz M.D. et al. Effects of atorvas-tatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes: the MIRACL study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001- 285:1711−1718.
- Cannon C.P., Braunwald E., McCabe C.H. et al. Comparison of Intensive and Moderate Lipid Lowering with Statins after Acute Coronary Syndromes. N Engl J Med 2004- 350.
- Appel M.L. Berger R.D., Saul J.P. XF. et al. Beat-to-Beat Variability of Cardiovascular Variables: Noise or Music? JACC 1989: 14: 1139−1148.
- Van Ravenswaaij-Arts C.M.A., Kollee LA.A., Hopman J.C.W. et al. Heart Rate
- Variability. Ann Intern Med 1993- 18:436−447.
- Bigger J.T., Kleiger R.E., Fleiss J.L. et al. Components of Heart Rate Variability Measured During Healing of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Am J Cardiol 1988−61:208−215.
- Bigger J.T., Albrecht P., Steinman R.C. et al. Comparison of Time- and Frequency Domain Based Measured of Cardiac Parasympathetic Activity in Holler Recordings After Myocardial Infarction. Am J Cariol 1989- 64: 536−538.
- Moser M., Lehofer M., Sedminek A. Heart Rate Variability as a Prognostic Tool in Cardiology. A Contribution to the Problem From a Theoretical Point of Viev. Circulation 1994−90:1078−1082.
- Malik M., Hnatkova K., Staunton A. et al. Clinically acceptable measurement of heart rate variability for the assessment of the risk of early death after acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1994- 15: 444.
- Pieper S.J., Hammill S.C. Heart Rate Variability: Technique and Investigational Applications in Cardiovascular Medicine. Mayo Clin Proc 1985- 70: 955−964.
- Tygesen H.} Claes G., Drott C. et al. The effect of endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy on heart rate variability in patients with severe angina pectoris. Eur Heart J 1995- 16: 130.
- Malik M., Camm A.J. Heart Rate Variability. Clin Cardiol 1990- 13: 570−576.
- Malliani A., Lombardi P., Pagani M. Power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability: a tool to explore neural regulatory mechanisms. Br Heart J 1994- 71: 1−2.
- Akselrod S.} Gordon D., Ubel F.A. et al. Power Spectrum Analysis of Heart Rate Fluctuation: A Quiantitative Probe of Beat-to-Beat Cardiovascular Control. Science 1981- 213: 220−222.
- Pitzalis M.V., Mastropasqua F., Massari F. et al. Breathing rate modifies heart rate variability measures. Eur Heart J 1996- 17: 383.
- Bigger J.T., Fleiss J.L., Steinman R.C. et al. Correlations Among Time and Frequence Domain Measures of Heart Period Variability Two Weeks After Acute
- Myocardial Infarction. Am J Cardiol 1992- 69: 891−898.
- Bigger J.T., La Rovere M.T., Steinman R.C. et al. Comparison of Baroreflex Sensitivity and Heart Period Variability After Myocardial Infarction. JACC 1989- 14: 1511−1518.
- Ahmed M.W., Kadish A.H., Parker M.A. et al. Effect of Pharmacologic Adrenergic Stimulation on Heart Rate Variability. JACC 1994- 24: 1082−1090.
- Pomeranz B., Macaulay R.J.B., Caudill M.A. et al. Assessment of autonomic function in humans by heart rate spectral analysis. Am J Physiol 1985- 248: H151-H153.
- Malik M., Camm J. Components of Heart Rate Variability — What They Really Mean and What We Really Measure. Am J Cardiol 1993- 72: 821−822.
- Malliani A., Pagani M., Lombardi P. et al. Cardiovascular Neural Regulation Explored in the Frequency Domain. Circulation 1991- 84: 482−492.
- Pagani M., Lombardi F., Guzzetti S. et al. Power Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate and Arterial Pressure Variabilities as a marker of Sympatho-Vagal Interaction in Man and Consciuos Dog. Circulat Res 1986- 59: 178−193.
- Lombardi F., Sandrone G., Mortara A. et al. Circadian variation of spectral indices of heart rate variability after myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 1992- 123: 1521−1529.
- Pagani M., Mazzuero G., Ferrari A. et al. Sympatovagal Interaction During Mental Stress: a Study Employing Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Controls and Patients with Prior Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 1993- 83:11−43−11−51.
- Yutaka A., Saul J.P., Albrecht P. et al. Modulation of cardiac autonomic activity during and immediately after exercise. Am J Physiol 1989- 256: HI 32-H141.
- Bigger J.T., Fleiss J.L., Steinman R.C. Frequency Domain Measures of Heart Period Variability and Mortality Rate After Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 1992- 85:164−171.
- Bernardi L., Valle F., Coco M. et al. Physical activity influence heart rate veriability and very-low-frequency components in Holter electrocardiograms.
- Cardiovasc Res 1996- 32: 234−237.
- Лютикова Л.И., Салтыкова M.M., Рябыкина Г. В., Мареев В. Ю. Методика анализа суточной вариабельности ритма сердца. Кардиология 1995- № 1:45−50.
- Malik М., Farrell Т., Cripps Т. et al. Heart rate variability in relation to prognosis after myocardial infarction: Selection of optimal processing techniques. Eur Heart J 1989: 10: 1060−1074.
- Dambrink J.-H.E., Tuininga Y.S., Van Gilst W.H. et al. Association between reduced heart rate variability and left ven tricular dilatation in patients with a first anterior myocardial infarction. Br Heart J 1994- 72: 514−520.
- Copie X., Hnatkova K., Staunton A. et al. Predictive Power of Increased Heart Rate Versus Depressed Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Heart Rate Variability for Risk Stratification After Myocardial Infarction. JACC 1996- 27: 270−276.
- Cripps T.R., Malik M., Farelli Т.О. et al. Prognostic value of reduced heart rate variability after myocardial infarction: clinical evaluation of a new analysis method. Br Heart J 1991- 65: 14−19.
- Farrell Т.О., Bashir Y., Cripps N. et al. Risk Stratification for Arrhythmic Events in Postinfarction Patients Based on Heart Rate Variability, Ambulatory Electrocardiographic Variables and Signal-Averaged Electrocardiogram. JACC 1991- 18:687−697.
- Copie X., Le Heuzey J.-Y., Iliou M.-C.et al. Correlation between timedomain measures of heart rate variability and scatterplots in postinfarction patients. PACE 1996- 19:342−347.
- Kautzner J., Hnatkova K. Correspondence of Different Methods for Heart Rate Variability Measurement. In: Heart Rate Variability. Eds. Malik M., Camra J.
- Futura Publishing Company, Inc., 1995: 119−126.
- Malik M., Camm J. Heart rate variability and clinical cardiology. Br Heart J 1994−71:3−6.
- Livanis L., Flevari P., Theodorakis G. et al. Sympathetic denervation and heart rate variability in recent myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1995- 16 (suppl): 133.
- Malik M., Camm A.J. Heart Rate Variability: From Facts to Fancies. JACC 1993- 22: 566−568.
- Vanoli E., Adamson P.B., Ba-Lin et al. Heart Rate Variability During Specific Sleer Stages. A Comparison of Healthy Subjects With Patients After Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 1995: 91: 1918−1922.
- Algra A., Tijssen J.G.P., Roelandt J.R.T.C. et al. Heart Rate Variability From 24Hour Electrocardiography and 2-Year Risk of Sudden Dealth. Circulation 1993- 88:180−185.
- Schneider R.A., Costiloe J.P. Relationship of sinus arrhythmia to age and its prognostic significance in ischemic heart disease. Clin Res 1965- 13:219.
- Wolf M.M., Varigos G.A., Hunt D. et al. Sinus arrhythmia in acute myocardial infarction. Med J Austr 1978- 2: 52−53.
- Zbilut J.P., Lawson L. Decreased heart rate variability in significant cardiac events. Crit Care Med 1988- 16: 64−66.
- Pipilis A., Flather M., Ormerod O. et al. Heart Rate Variability in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Its Association with Infarct Site and Clinical Course. Am J Cardiol 1991- 67: 1137−1139.
- Kleiger R.E., Miller J.P., Bigger T. et al. Decreased Heart Rate Variability and Its Association with Increased Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Am J Cardiol 1987- 59: 256−262.
- Barron H.V., Viskin S. Autonomic markers and prediction of cardiac death after myocardial infarction. Lancet 1998- 351: 461−462.
- Lindgren C., Makikallio K., Jokinen M. et al. Prognostic significance of heart rate variability among petients with optimized beta-blocking medication after myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2002- 23 (suppl): abstract P2127.
- Farrell T.O., Paul V., Cripps T.R. et al. Baroreflex Sensitivity and Electrophysiological Correlates in Patients After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 1991- 83:945−952.
- Hartikainen J., Malik M., Poloniecki J. et al. Distinction between arrhythmic and non-arrhythmic mortality after acute myocardial infarction based on heart rate variability and left ventricular ejection fraction. Eur Heart J 1995- 16: 431.
- Bruggemann T., Andresen D., Weis D. et al. Low heart rate variability from 24-hour electrocardiography is an independent risk factor in patients after acute myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era. Eur Heart J 1995- 16: 444.
- Malik M., Turner A., Hnatkova K. et al. The Predictive Power of Heart Rate Variability Index After Acute Myocardial Infarction is not Different in Patients Who Did and Did Not Receive an Early Thrombolytic Treatment. JACC 1994- 18: 65A.
- Molgaard H., Lund D., Hofsten A., Egstrup P. Prognostic value of heart rate variability after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with fibrinolysis versus primary angioplasty. Eur Heart J 2003- 24 (suppl): abstract P2064.
- Bruggemarm T., Wegshneider K., Meesmann M. et al. Heart period variability in the thrombolytic era: which parameter is the best predictor for patients following myocardial infarction? Eur Heart J 1996- 17: 385.
- Carpeggiani C., L’Abbate A., Landi P. Et al. Early assessment of heart rate variability is predictive of in-hospital death and major complications after acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2004- 96: 361−368.
- Bigger J.T., Reiss J.L., Rolnitzky L.M. et al. The Ability of Several Short-term Measures of RR Variability to Predict Mortality After Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 1993- 88: 927−934.
- The Multicenter Postinfarction Research Group. Risk Stratification After Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 1983- 309: 331−336.
- Bruggemann Т., Wegscheider K.} Meesmann M. et al. Heart period variability in the thrombolytic era: which parameter is the best risk predictor for patients following myocardial infarction? Eur Heart J 1996- 17: 385.
- Pedretti R.F.E., Braga S.S., Laporta A. et al. Heart rate variability after myocardial infarction: a useful tool for predicting of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in the thrombolytic era. Eur Heart J 1996- 17: 29.
- Bigger J.T., Rolnitzky L.M., Steinman R.S. et al. Predicting Mortality After Myocardial Infarction From the Response of RR Variability to Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy. JACC 1994- 23: 733−740.
- Pedretti R., Braga S.S., Colombo E. et al. Prediction of late arrhythmic events after acute myocardial infarction by time and frequency domain measures of heart pate variability. Eur Heart J 1994- 15: 82.
- Bananescu A., Corlan C., Gherasim D., Dorobantu S. Prognostic value of heart rate variability after acute myocardial infarction treated conventionally or by reperfusion. Eur Heart J 2004- 25 (suppl): abstract 1461.
- Carpeggiani C., Emdin M., Bonaguidi F. et al. Personality traits and heart rate variability predict long-term cardiac mortality after myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2005- 26: 1612−1617.
- Vaishnav S., Stevenson R., Marchent B. et al. Relation Between Heart Rate Variability Early After Acute Myocardial Infarction and Long-Term Mortality. Am J Cardiol 1994−73:653−657.
- Kamath M.V., Fallen E.L., Diurnal variations of neurocardiac rhythms in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1991: 68:155−160.122. van Ravenswaaij-Arts C.M.A., Kollee L.A.A., Hopman J.C.W. et al. Heart
- Rate Varyability. Ann Intern Med 1993- 118: 436−447.
- Huikuri H.V., Niemela M.J., Qjala S. etal. Circadian Rhythms of Frequency Domain Measures of Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Effects of Arousal and Upright Posture. Circulation 1994- 90:121−126.
- Pedretti R.F.E., Braga S.S., Lombardi F. Circadian variation of heart rate variability in patients with and without cardiac death after myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1996- 17: 383.
- Lind P., Mickley H., Junker A. et al. Effects of thrombolytic therapy on heart rate variability in patients with a recent first myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1996- 17: 570.
- Lee K.L., Woodlief L.H., Topol E.J. et al. Predictors of 30-Day Mortality in the Era of Reperfusion for Acute Myocardial Infarction. Results From an International Trial of 41 021 Patients. Circulation 1995- 91: 1659−1668.
- Hull S.S., Avans A.R., Vanoli E. et al. Heart Rate Variability Before and After Myocardial Infarction in Conscious Dogs at High and Low Risk of Sudden Death. JACC 1990- 16: 978−985.
- Faber T. S, Camm A. J., Malik M. Improved efficiency of long-term heart rate variability for risk stratification after myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1996- 17:384.
- Bjerregaard P., Kotar S.L., Gessler J.E. et al. Is Heart Rate Variability During a Five Minute Resting Period Clinically Useful? Circulation 1994- 90: 274.
- Fei L., Camm A. J., Malik M. Short- and long-term assessment of heart rate variability for post-infarction risk stratification. Eur Heart J 1995- 16: 444.
- Malik M., Farrell T., Camm A J. Circadian Rhythm of Heart Rate Variability After Acute Myocardial Infarction and Its Influence in The Prognostic Value of Heart Rate Variability. Am J Cardiol 1990- 66: 1049−1054.
- Malik M., Camm A.J. Significance of long-term components of heart rate variability for the further prognosis after acute myocardial infarction. Cardiovase Res 1990- 24: 793−803.
- Singh N., Mironov D., Armstrong P.W. et al. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) During the First 48 Hours Post Myocardial Infarction (MI): GUSTO Angiographic Clinical Correlates. Circulation 1994- 90: 274.
- Ferreira D., Bordalo-Sa A.L., Longo A. et al. Fast increase of heart rate variability after acute myocardial infarction of the day of discharge from hospital. Eur Heart J 1995- 16: 131.
- Klingenheben T., Zabel M., van de Loo A. et al. Importance of infarct location for changes in heart rate variability during the first year after myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1994- 15: 444.
- Mann D., Leong K., Malik M. et al. the evolution of heart rate variability following acute myocardial infarction in the post-thrombolytic era. Eur Heart J 2003- 24 (suppl.): abstract P953.
- Hull S.S., Avans A.R., Vanoli E. et al. Heart Rate Variability Before and After Myocardial Infarction in Conscious Dogs at High and Low Risk of Sudden Death. JAC Cardiol 1990- 16: 978−985.
- Pedretti R., Colombo E., Braga S.S. et al. Effect of Thrombolysis on Heart Rate Variability and Life-Threatening Ventricular Arrhythmias in Survives of Acute Myocardial Infarction. JACC 1994- 23: 19−26.
- Airaksinen K.E. J., Ylitalo’K.V., Peuhkurinen K J. et al. Heart Rate Variability During Repeated Arterial Occlusion in Coronary Angioplasty. Am J Cardiol 1995- 75:877−881.
- McAreavey D., Neilson J.M.M., Ewing D.J. et al. Cardiac parasympathetic activity during the early hours of acute myocardial infarction. Br Heart J 1989- 62:165−170.
- Kautzner J., Xia R., Hnatkova K. et al. Reproducibility of heart ratevariability assessment after acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1994- 15: 445.
- Sinnreich R., Kark J.D., Friedlander Y. et al. Five minute recordings of heart rate variability for population studies: repeatability and age-sex characteristics. Heart 1998- 80: 156−162.
- Marks B.L., Lightfoot J.T. Reproducibility of resting heart rate variability with short sampling period. Can J Appl Physiol 1999- 24: 337−348.
- Kelly P., Nolan J., Wilson I. et al. Preservation of autonomic function following successful early reperfusion: a mechanism of mortality reduction after thrombolytic therapy? Eur Heart J 1995- 16: 444.
- Pedretti R., Colombo E., Braga S.S. et al. Effect of Thrombolysis on Heart Rate Variability and Life-Threatening Ventricular Arrhythmias in Survives of Acute Myocardial Infarction. JACC 1994- 23: 19−26.
- Lind P., Mickley H., Junker A. et al. Effects of thrombolytic therapy on heart rate variability in patients with a recent first myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1996- 17:570.
- Meloni C., Pizzetti G., Carandente O. et al. Influence of early reperfusion during acute myocardial infarction on the indexes of heart rate variability and parasympathetic activity. Eur Heart J 1994- 15: 141.
- Skinner J.E. Regulation of cardiac vulnerability by ihc cerebral defense system. JACC 1985- 5 (supp 6): 88−94.
- Veld M.A.J., Schalekamp M.A.D.H. Mechanisms of action of beta-blockers in hypertension. In: Beta-blockers in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Eds. Kostis J.B., De Felise E.A. New York, Raven Press 1984: 79−80.
- Neil-Dwyer G., Bartlett J., McAinsh J. Cruichshank J. Beta-adrenoreceptor blockers and the blood-brain barrier. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1981- 11:549−553.
- Taylor E.A., Jafferson D., Carrol J.D., Turner P. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of propranolol, pindolol and alenolol in man: evidence of central actions of beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1981- 12- 549
- Tjandremaga T.K. Altered pharmacokinelics of beta-adrenoreceptor blocking drugs in patients with renal insufficiency. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1980: 38−53.
- Soriano J.B., Hoes A.W., Meems L. et al. Increased survival with beta-blockers. Importance of ancillary properties. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1997- XXXIX: 445−456.
- Bekheit S., Tangella M., El-Sakr A. et al. Use of heart rate special analysis to study the effects of calcium channel blockers on sympathetic activity after myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 1990- 119: 79−85.
- Zuanetti G., Latini R., Neilson J.M. et al. Heart Rate Variability in Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias: Effect of Antiarrhythmic Drugs. JACC 1991- 17: 604−612.
- Riahi S., Christensen J.H., Toft E. et al. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors improve heart rate variability in patients with a previous myocardial infarction. Pharmacol Res 2002- 45: 479−483.
- Pehlivanidis A.N., Athyros V.G., Demitriadis D.S. et al. Heart rate variability after long-term treatment with atorvastatin in hypercholesterolaemic patients with or without coronary artery disease Atherosclerosis 2001- 157: 463 469.
- Welzig C.M., Shin D.G., Park H.J. et al. Lipid lowering by pravastatin increases parasympathetic modulation of heart rate: Galpha (i2), a possible molecular marker for parasympathetic responsiveness. Circulation 2003- 108: 2743−2746.
- Krum H., Bigger J.T., Goldsmith R.L. et al. Effect of Long-Term Digoxin Therapy on Airtonomic Function on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. Circulation 1995- 25: 289−294.
- Binkley P.P., Haas G.J., Starling R.C. et al. Sustained Aug mentation of Parasympathetic Tone With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure. Circulation 1993- 21: 655−661.
- Casadei B., Pipilis A., Sessa F. et al. Low Doses of Scopolamine Increase Cardiac Vagal Tone in the Acute Phase of Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 1993- 88:353−357.
- Hull S.S., Vanoli E., Adamson P.B. et al. Do increases in markers of vagal acitivity imply protection from sudden death? Circulation 1994- 89: 548−552.
- La Rovere M.T., Mortara A., Sandrone G. et al. Autonomic nervous system adaptation to short-term exercise training. Chest 1992- 101: 299−303.
- Hull S.S., Vanoli E., Albrecht P. et al. Exercise Training Confers Anticipatory Protection From Sudden Death During Acute Myocardial Ischemia. Circulation 1994- 89: 548−552.
- Loricchio M.L., Borghi A., Rusticali G. et al. Heart rate variability, coronary morphology and prognosis in unstable angina. Eur Heart J 1995- 16: 471.
- Mroczek-Czemecka D., Pietrucha A., Stobierska-Dzierzek B. et al. Usefulness of multivariate analysis of 24-hour electrocardiograms in order to assess treatment efficacy of unstable angina. Eur Heart J 1995- 16: 471.
- Bigger J.T., La Rovere M.T., Steinman R.C. et al. Comparison of Barore-flex Sensitivity and Heart Period Variability After Myocardial Infarction. JACC 1989- 14: 1511−1518.
- Kjellgren O., Gomes J.A. Heart Rate Variability and baroreflex sensitivity in myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 1993- 125: 204−214.
- La Rovere M.T., Specchia G., Mortara A. et al. Baroreflex Sensitivity, Clinical Correlates and Cardiovascular Mortality among Patients With a First Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 1988- 78: 816−824.
- Farrell T.O., Paul V., Cripps T.R. et al. Baroreflex Sensitivity and Electrophysiological Correlates in Patients After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 1991- 83: 945−952.
- Hohnloser S., Klingenheben T., Van de Loo A. et al: Reflex versus tonic vagal activity as a prognostic parameter in patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Circulation 1994- 89:1068−1073,.
- Andresen D, Bruggeman B, Kaiser S, Prognostic value of cardovascular reflex tests in patients after acute myocardial infarction. JACC 1998- 24: 378−378.
- Рябыкина Г. В., Соболев А. В. Вариабельность ритма сердца. Москва, СтарКо, 1998: 65−72.
- Scharpey-Schafer ЕР. Effects of Valsalva’s manoeuvre in normal and failing circulation. Br Med J 1955- 1: 693−695.
- Ewing D.J. Autonomic mechanisms in the initial heart rate response to standing. J Appl Physiol 1980- 49: 809−814.
- Daniel M, Bloomfield M.D., Elisabeth S. Passive Head-Up Tilt and Actively Standing Up Produce Similar Overall Changes in Autonomic Balance. Am Heart J 1997- 134:316−321.
- Consensus statement. Report and recommendatios of the San Antonio conference on diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes 1988- 37: 1000−1004.
- La Rovere M.T., Mortara A., Pinna G.D., Bernardi L. Baroreflex Sensitivity and Heart Rate variability in the Assessment of the Autonomic status. In: Heart Rate Variability. Eds. Malik M., Camm A.J. Futura Publishing Company, Inc. 1995: 189−206.
- Smyth H.S., Sleight P., Pickering G.W. Reflex regulation of arterial pressure during sleep in man: a quantitative method of assessing baroreflex sensitivity. CircRes 1969- 24: 109−121.
- Delius W. Maneuvres affecting sympathetic outflow in human muscle nerves. Acta Physiol Scand 1972- 84: 82.
- Robertson D. Comparative assessment of stimuli that release neuronal and adrenomedullary catecholamines in man. Circulation 1979- 59: 637.
- Eckberg D. Parasympathetic cardiovascular control in human disease: a critical review of methods and results. Am J Physiol 1980- 239: H581-H593.
- Spodick D.H., Meyer M.B., Quarry Pigott V.M. Effect of (3-adrenergic blockade in beat-to-beat response to Valsalva maneuvre. Br Heart J 1974- 36:10 821 986.
- Lown B. Sudden cardiac death: the major challenge confronting contemporary cardiology. Am J Cardiology1979- 43: 313−328.
- Schwartz P.J. Neural Mechanisms in Cardiac Arrhythmias. New York, 1. Raven, 1978: 75−107.
- Hainsworth R. The Control and Physiological Importance of Heart Rate. In: Heart Rate Variability. Eds. Malik M., Camm A.J. Futura Publishing Company, Inc. 1995: 3−19.
- Task Force on Syncope. Guidelines on management (diagnosis and treatment) of syncope. Eur Heart J 2001- 22: 1256−1306.
- Saul J.P., Berger R.D., Chen M.H. et al. Transfer function analysis of autonomic regulation. II. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Am J Physiol 1989: 25: H153-H161.
- The Task Force on Syncope, European Society of Cardiology. Guidelines on Management (Diagnosis and Treatment) of Syncope — Update 2004. European Heart Journal 2004- 25: 2054−2072.
- ACC Expert Consensus Document. Tilt Table Testing for Assessing Syncope. JACC 1996- 28: 263−275.
- La Rovere M.T., Pinna G.D., Maestri R. et al. Short-Term Heart Rate Variability Strongly Predicts Sudden Cardiac Death in Chronic Heart Failure Patients. Circulation 2003- 4: 565−570.
- Myerburg R.J. et. al. Sudden cardiac death: epidemiology, transient risk and intervention assessment. Ann Intern Med 1993- 11: 1187−97.
- Guzzetti S., La Rovere M.T., Pinna G.D. et al. Different spectral components of 24 h heart rate variability are related to different modes of death in chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 2005- 26: 357−362.
- Hohnloser S.H. et al. Prevalence, characteristics and prognostic value during long-term follow-up of nunsustained ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era. JACC 1999- 33: 1895−902.
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Supression Trail (CAST) Iinvestigators. Preliminaryreport: effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in randomizid trail of ar-ryhthmia supression after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1989- 321:406−412.
- Zuanetti G., Neilson J.M., Latini R et al. Prognostic significance of heart rate variability in post myocardial infarction patients in the fibrinolytic era: the GISSI-2 results. Circulation 1996- 94: 432−436.
- Hohnloser S.H., Klingenheben T., Zabel M. Identification of patients after myocardial infarction at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias. Eur Heart J 1999- 1 (suppl. C): CI 1-C20.
- White H.D., Norris R.M., Brown M.A. et al. Left ventricular end-systolic volume as the major determinant of survival after recovery from myocardial infarction. Circulation 1987- 76: 44−51.
- Statters D.J., Malik M., Redwood S. et al. Use of ventricular premature complexes for risk stratification after acute myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era. Am J Cardiol 1996- 77: 133−138.
- Huikuri H.V., Makikallio T., Airaksinen K.E.J, et al. Measurements of Heart Rate Variability: A Clinical Tool or a Research Toy? JACC 1999- 34: 18 781 888.
- Hohnloser S.H., Klingenheben T., Loo A. et al. Reflex versus tonic vagal activity as a prognostic parameter in patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Circulation 1994- 89:1068−1073.
- Barren H.V., Lesh M.D. Autonomic Nervous System and Sudden Cardiac Death. JACC 1996- 27: 1053−1060.
- Баевский P.M., Кириллов О. И., Клецкин С.3. Математический анализ изменений сердечного ритма при стрессе. М., Наука, 1984.
- Bland J.M., Altman D.G. Statistical method for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet 1986- 1: 307−310.
- The Task Force on the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction of the European Society of Cardiology. Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. European Heart Journal 2003: 24- 28−66.
- The Task Force on the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology. Management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persisting ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2002- 23: 1809−1840.
- Feigenbaum H. Echocardiography. 5th edition. Philadelphia: Lea & Fe-biger 1994.
- Prystowsky E.N. Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death The Time of Your Life. Circulation 2004- 109: 1073−1075.
- Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries. JACC 1995- 26: 12 221 229.
- Lankes W., Himbert D., Littwitz H. et al., on behalf of GRACE Investigators. Impact of smoking status on outcomes in acute coronary syndromes: the ex-smokers' paradox. Eur Heart J 2002- 23 (abstr. suppl.): 361.
- Lombardi F., Mortara A. Heart rate variability and cardiac failure. Heart 1998- 80: 231−214.
- Lombardi F. The uncertain significance of reduced heart rate variability after myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1997- 18: 1204−1206.
- Guzzetti S, et al. Sympathetic predominance followed by functional denervation in the progression of chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 1995- 16: 11 001 107.
- Malliani A. et al. Cardiovascular neural regulation explored in the frequency domain. Circulation 1991- 84: 482−492.
- Lombardi E. et al. Heart rate variability and its sympatho-vagal modulation. Cardiovasc Res 1996- 32: 208−216.
- Sleight P. et al. Physiology and pathophysiology of heart rate and blood pressure variability in humans: is power spectral analysis largely an index baroro-flex gain? Clin Sci 1995- 88: 103−109.
- Volpi A. et al. One year prognosis of primary ventricular fibrillation complicating acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1989- 63: 1174.
- Behar S. et al. Frequence and prognostic significance of secondary ventricular fibrillation complicating acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1993- 71: 152.
- Guzzetti S., La Rovere M.T., Pinna G.D. et al. Different spectral components of 24 h heart rate variability are related to different modes of death in chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 2005- 26: 357−362.
- Хаютин B.M., Бекбосынова M.C., Лукошкова E.B., Голицин С. П. Изменения мощности колебаний частоты сокращений сердца, вызываемые пропранололом у больных с нарушениями ритма. Кардиология 1997- № 7: 414.
- Pitt В., Rerame W., Zannad F. Eplerenone, a Selective Aldosterone Blocker, in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2003- 348: 1309−1321.
- Braunwald E. Unstable Angina. A Classification. Circulation 1989- 80: 410−414.
- Freed L.A., Stein K.M., Gordon M. et al. Reproducibility of power spectral measures of heart rate variability obtained from short-term sampling period. Am. J. Cardiol. 1994- 74: 972−973.
- Malik M., Farrell Т., Camm A, J. Circadian rhythm of heart rate variability after acute myocardial infarction and its influence on the prognostic value of heart rate variability. Am J Cardiol 1990- 66: 1049−1054.
- Huikuri H.V., Kessler K.M., Terracall E. et al. Reproducibility and circadian rhythm of heart rate variability in healthy subjects. Am. J.Cardiol. 1990- 65: 391−393.
- Huikuri H.V., Linnaluoto M.K., Seppanen T. et al. Circadian rhythm of heart rate variability in survivors of cardiac arrest. Am. J, Cardiol. 1992- 70: 610 615.
- Guzzetti S., Dassi S., Pecis M. et al. Altered pattern of circadian neural control of heart period in mild hypertension. J Hypertens 1991- 9: 831−838.
- Cruickshank J.M. The clinical importance of cardioselectivity and lipo-philicity in beta-blockers. Am Heart J 1980- 100: 160−178.
- Kjekshus J. Importance of heart rate in determining beta-blockers efficacy in acute and long-term acute myocardial infarction intervention trials. Am J Cardiol 1986- 57: 43F-49 °F.
- Brouwer J., Viersma J.W., Van Veldhuisen D.J. et al. Usefulness of heart rate variability in predicting drug efficacy (metoprolol vs diltiazem) in patients with stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1995- 76: 759−763.
- Eckberg D.L. Beta-adrenergic blockade may prolong life in postinfarction patients in part by increasing vagal cardiac inhibition. Med Hypothesis 1984- 15: 421−432.
- Kendall M.J., Lynch K.P., Hjalmarson A. et al. Beta-blockers and sudden cardiac death. Ann Intern Med 1995- 123: 358−367.
- Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994- 344: 1383−1389.
- Sacks F.M., Pfeffer M.A., Moye L.A., Rouleau J.L., Rutherford J.D.,
- Cole T.G., et al. for the Cholesterol And Recurrent Events trial investigators. The efect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1996- 335: 1001−1009.
- Burger A.J., Hamer A.W., Weinrauch L.A., D’Elia J.A. Relation of heart rate variability and serum lipoproteins in type 1 diabetes mellitus and chronic stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1998- 15- 8: 945−949.
- Huikuri H.V., Jokinen V., Syvanne M. et al. Heart rate variability and progression of coronary atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 1999- 19: 1979−1985.