Место европейского союза во внешней политике Великобритании

В настоящее время наиболее сложными вопросами являются проблема принятия единой европейской конституции и переход Великобритании на единую европейскую валюту. В политическом отношении страна сейчас разделена на два лагеря — сторонников и противников перехода на евро. Реалией современной Великобритании стало мощное противодействие переходу на единую валюту консервативной партии, которая в данном вопросе выражает настроения значительной части британского общества. Великобритания не собирается присоединяться к зоне евро до тех пор, пока не будет решены экономические проблемы внутри страны, и внутри ЕС, а также до проведения референдума. Такая осторожная позиция частично объясняется тщательно скрываемыми расхождениями по поводу единой валюты в стране.

Список источников и литературы

I. Официальные заявления, выступления

Address given by Harold Macmillan on the United Kingdom’s application for membership to the EC. 31 July 1961. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=9415

Address given by Harold Macmillan. London. 20 September 1962. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=23 554

Address given by Margaret Thatcher. Bruges. 20 September 1988. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=9492

Blair T. Speech on the Euro. 23.

02.1999. ;

http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page1275.asp

DeGaulle. Veto on British membership of the EEC. 14 January 1963. Paris ;

http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/DeGaulle's_Veto_on_British_membership_of_the_EEC

Gordon Brown outlines EU priorities. 17 December 2007. ;

http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page14071.asp

Gordon Brown’s statement on the Treaty of Lisbon. 17 December 2007.London. ;

http://www.saxonbooks.co.uk/Brown_on_Treaty_Lisbon.htm

Gordon Brown’s Statement on Economic and Monetary Union. 27.

10.1997. -

http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/newsroom_and_speeches/speeches/statement/speech_statement_271 097.cfm

Harold Macmillan’s «Wind of Change» Speech made to the South Africa Parliament on 3 February 1960:

http://africanhistory.about.com/od/eraindependence/p/wind_of_change2.htm

Prime Minister’s speech to the CBI conference. 11 November 1997. ;

http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page1072.asp

Press conference held by Charles de Gaulle' by Yves Courrière // RTL, 14 January 1963. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=11 609

Press conference held by Charles de Gaulle: the second veto. Paris. 27 November 1967. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=20 322

Speech by George Brown at the Tenth Congress of the Socialist International. Stockholm, 6 May 1966. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=13 115

Speech by Lord Chalfont, United Kingdom Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, to the Association of European Journalists. Brussels. 9 October 1967. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=13 997

Speech by Winston Churchill. 19 September 1946. Zürich ;

http://www.euro-know.org/speeches/paperchurchill.html

Statement by the British Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs James Callaghan. Luxembourg. 1 April 1974. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=7053

Statement by Harold Wilson to the House of Commons. .London. 9 June 1975. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=7010

Tony Blair’s speech on Europe. Warsaw. 30 May 2003. ;

http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page3787.asp

Wilson H. A Speech supporting the UK application for accession to the European Economic Community. 23 January 1967. Strasbourg. ;

http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Accession_to_the_European_Economic_Community

II. Итоговые документы саммитов Европейского совета

The European Council (Cardiff, 15−16 June 1998). ;

http://www.europarl.europa.eu/enlargement_new/europeancouncil/pdf/car_en.pdf

The European Council (Corfu, 24−25 June 1994). ;

http://aei.pitt.edu/1444/

The European Council. (Dublin. 10−11 March 1975). ;

http://aei.pitt.edu/1921/

The European Council. (Dublin, 29−30 November 1979). ;

http://aei.pitt.edu/1402/

The European Council (Luxembourg, 17−18 April 1980). ;

http://aei.pitt.edu/1413/

The European Council (Fountainebleau, 25−26 June 1984). ;

http://aei.pitt.edu/1448/

III. Документы Великобритании

Are You Thinking What We’re Thinking? Conservative Party General Election Manifesto. 2005. ;

http://www.conservatives.com/tile.do?def=manifesto.index.page

Britain Forward Not Back. Labour Party General Election Manifesto. 2005. ;

http://a4.g.akamai.net/7/4/15 010/1/labourparty1.download.akamai.com/15 010/manifesto_13 042 005_a3/pdf/manifesto.pdf

Britain Will Win With Labour. Labour Party General Election Manifesto. 1987. ;

http://www.labour-party.org.uk/manifestos/1987/1987;labour-manifesto.shtml

House of Commons Debates. 5 March 2008. ;

http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmhansrd/cm080305/debindx/80 305-x.htm

Joining the Euro. Referendum Trends. 1991;present. MORI. ;

http://www.mori.com/europe/mori-euro-ref.shtml

Joint statement by the United Kingdom and Australia. Canberra. 11 July 1961. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=7531

Joint statement by the United Kingdom and New Zealand. Wellington. 6 July 1961. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=7532

Joint statement by the United Kingdom and the West Indies. 11 July 1961. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=7533

Letter from Joseph Bech to Harold Macmillanю 7 June 1955. Luxembourg. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=26 310

Letter from Harold Macmillan to Joseph Bech. 15 June 1955. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=26 311

Little Change On Euro Vote. MORI. 24.

01.2003. ;

http://www.mori.com/polls/2003/sssb-jan.shtml

Note from the British Government to the German Government concerning the European Common Market. 18 November 1955. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=25 487

Parliamentary debates in the House of Commons. 16−17 May 1961. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=9418

The Best Future for Britain. Conservative Party General Election Manifesto. 1992 ;

http://www.conservativemanifesto.com/1992/1992;conservative-manifesto.shtml

White paper on the outcomes of the renegotiation of the initial conditions for the UK’s accession to the EC. March 1975. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=7073

White Paper presented by the UK Government to the UK Parliament. July 1971. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=6009

IV. Документы ЕЭС/ЕС

Convention establishing the European Free Trade Association. 4 January 2005. Stockholm. ;

http://secretariat.efta.int/Web/EFTAConvention/EFTAConventionTexts/EFTAConventionText

Commission report on progress towards convergence and recommendation with a view to the transition to the third stage of Economic and Monetary Union. COM (98) 1999 final, 25 March 1998. ;

http://aei.pitt.edu/4901/

Communiqué relatif à la réunion tenue par les Sept à Saltsjöbaden les 20 et 21 juillet 1959. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=1&doc=9399

C ouncil of the European Union. P ress Releases.

P residency: Greece. J anuary-June 1994. M

eetings and press releases January-March 1994. ;

http://aei.pitt.edu/3696/

Memorandum from the European Economic Community. 17 October 1958. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=9638

Meetings of the Heads of State or Government (Summit). Paris. 9−10 December 1974. ;

http://aei.pitt.edu/1459/

Negotiations on the second British application for membership.Luxembourg.25 October 1967. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=14 000

Protocol on certain provisions relating to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern

Ireland // Treaty on European Union. ;

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2004:

310:0342:

0344:EN:PDF

Rapport de l’Assemblée consultative du Conseil de l’Europe sur la zone de libre-échangeю 10 octobre 1958. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=1&doc=8470

Rapport sur les conversations franco-britanniques relatives aux rapports entre les Six et les Sept (4 mars 1961). ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=1&doc=7456

Reply by the Council of the European Economic Community. — 27 September 1961. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=6992

Report from the Commission of the EC to the Council in execution of the mandate given to it on 30 May 1980 (24 June 1981). ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=1&doc=11 932

Report on the negotiations concerning the establishment of a Free Trade Area. Organisation for European Economic Cooperation. 14 December 1958. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=9636

The accession of the United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark to the European Communities. 1973. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=8356

The Amsterdam Treaty. 2 October 1997. ;

http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/s50000.htm

The Messina Conference. 2 June 1955. Messina. ;

http://www.ena.lu/messina-conference-messina-june-1955;22 500 112.html

The policies of the Conservative administration from 1990 to 1997. John Major official website. ;

http://www.johnmajor.co.uk/policies.html

The United Kingdom’s application for membership to the EEC. London. 9 August 1961. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=6991

Treaty of Accession of the United Kingdom, Denmark and Ireland.

1972. ;

http://europa.eu/scadplus/treaties/eec_en.htm

Treaty of Association between the ECSC and the United Kingdom.

1955. ;

http://europa.eu/scadplus/treaties/ecsc_en.htm

Treaty establishing the European Community. 17.

03.1957. (Consolidated version — 24.

12.2002) ;

http://europe.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/en/treaties/dat/12002E/pdf/12002E_EN.pdf

UK Membership of the Single Currency: an Assessment of the Five Economic Tests. — HM Treasury. 1997. October. ;

http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/media//A8A24/single.pdf

United Kingdom: EMU opt-out clause // Activities of the European Union: Summaries of Legislation. 30.

07.2003. ;

http://europe.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l25060.htm

V. Монографии

Голубович О. Великобритания в ЕС: проблемы эволюции внешнеполитического сотрудничества. — М., 1994

Журков А., Фаминский И. Великобритания и проблемы западноевропейской интеграции.

М., 1970

Капитонова Н. Приоритеты внешней политики Великобритании (1990;1997 гг.). — М., 1999

Курочкин Д. Евро: новая валюта для Старого Света. Проблемы становления и перспективы развития Европейского экономического и валютного союза. — М., 2000.

Ломакин В. Внешнеэкономическая политика Великобритании. — М., 2004.

Попов В. Маргарет Тэтчер: человек и политик. — М., 2000.

Стрежнева М. Великобритания и Западная Европа: политические аспекты. — Москва, 1988.

Шемятенков В. Европейская интеграция. — М., 2003

Шемятенков В. Евро: две стороны одной монеты. — М., 1998.

Barnes I, Barnes P. The Enlarged European Union. — New York, 1997

Bailey R. The European Connection. Implication of EEC Membership. — Oxford, 1993.

Bulmer S., Scott A. Economic and political integration in Europe. — Oxford, 1994

Dick L. Guide to the European Union. — Oxford, 1997

Dyson K., Featherstone K. The Road to Maastricht: Negotiating Economic and Monetary Union. — Oxford, 1999.

Gamble A., Kelly G. Britain and EMU // European states and the Euro: Europeanization, variation and convergence // edit. by Dyson K. — Oxford, 2002.

Gourvish T., O’Day A. Britain since 1945. — London, 1991

Lord С. British entry to the European Community under the Heath Government of 1970;74. Aldershot, 1993.

Thatcher M. The Downing Street Years. — London, 1993

VI. Материалы периодической печати

Бурнашов И. Великобритания и евро // Мировая экономика и международные отношения. 2002. № 9.

Buiter W. Britain and EMU // 03.

02.1999. P.

7. ;

http://www.nber.org/~wbuiter/emu.pdf

Doerr P. Using Europe, Abusing the Europeans: Britain and European Integration, 1945;63 // Canadian Journal of History. August 1999.

Gamble A. Europeanisation: a political economy perspective. — Sheffield, 2001. ;

http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/poli/juc/2001/agpaper.htm

Gamble A., Kelly G. The British Labour Party and Monetary Union // West European Politics. 2000 January.

Gardiner N., McNamara S. The EU Lisbon Treaty: Gordon Brown Surrenders Britain’s Sovereignty // WebMemo #1840. ;

http://www.heritage.org/research/europe/wm1840.cfm

Palmer J. EU fails to decide how best to decide // The Guardian. 17 June1997.

UK told price for EMU entry may be tax harmony // Financial Times. 14 January 1999.

Dick L. Guide to the European Union. — Oxford, 1997.P.250

Speech by Winston Churchill. 19 September 1946. Zürich ;

http://www.euro-know.org/speeches/paperchurchill.html

Gourvish T., O’Day A. Britain since 1945. — London, 1991. P.131

Шемятенков В. Европейская интеграция. — М., 2003. С.

271.

Журков А., Фаминский И. Великобритания и проблемы западноевропейской интеграции.

М., 1970. С.26

Там же. С.27

Letter from Joseph Bech to Harold Macmillanю 7 June 1955. Luxembourg. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=26 310

Letter from Harold Macmillan to Joseph Bech. 15 June 1955. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=26 311

The Messina Conference. 2 June 1955. Messina. ;

http://www.ena.lu/messina-conference-messina-june-1955;22 500 112.html

Treaty of Association between the ECSC and the United Kingdom.

1955. ;

http://europa.eu/scadplus/treaties/ecsc_en.htm

Note from the British Government to the German Government concerning the European Common Market. 18 November 1955. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=25 487

Treaty establishing the European Community. 17.

03.1957. (Consolidated version — 24.

12.2002) ;

http://europe.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/en/treaties/dat/12002E/pdf/12002E_EN.pdf

Doerr P. Using Europe, Abusing the Europeans: Britain and European Integration, 1945;63 // Canadian Journal of History. August 1999.

Rapport de l’Assemblée consultative du Conseil de l’Europe sur la zone de libre-échangeю 10 octobre 1958. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=1&doc=8470

Barnes I, Barnes P. The Enlarged European Union. — New York, 1997. P 75

Стрежнева М. Великобритания и Западная Европа: политические аспекты. — Москва, 1988. С. 34

Memorandum from the European Economic Community. 17 October 1958. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=9638

Report on the negotiations concerning the establishment of a Free Trade Area. Organisation for European Economic Cooperation. 14 December 1958. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=9636

Communiqué relatif à la réunion tenue par les Sept à Saltsjöbaden les 20 et 21 juillet 1959. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=1&doc=9399

Convention establishing the European Free Trade Association. 4 January 2005. Stockholm. ;

http://secretariat.efta.int/Web/EFTAConvention/EFTAConventionTexts/EFTAConventionText

Голубович О. Великобритания в ЕС: проблемы эволюции внешнеполитического сотрудничества. — М., 1994 С.8

Журков А, Фаминский И. Великобритания и проблемы западноевропейской интеграции. — М., 1970. С.29

Rapport sur les conversations franco-britanniques relatives aux rapports entre les Six et les Sept (4 mars 1961). ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=1&doc=7456

Harold Macmillan’s «Wind of Change» Speech Made to the South Africa Parliament on 3 February 1960:

http://africanhistory.about.com/od/eraindependence/p/wind_of_change2.htm

Стрежнева М. Великобритания и Западная Европа: политические аспекты. — М., 1988. С.39

Parliamentary debates in the House of Commons. 16−17 May 1961. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=9418

См. например: Joint statement by the United Kingdom and New Zealand. Wellington. 6 July 1961. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=7532; Joint statement by the United Kingdom and the West Indies. 11 July 1961. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=7533; Joint statement by the United Kingdom and Australia. Canberra. 11 July 1961. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=7531

Announcing the application. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=3970

Address given by Harold Macmillan on the United Kingdom’s application for membership to the EC. 31 July 1961. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=9415

The United Kingdom’s application for membership to the EEC. London. 9 August 1961. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=6991

Reply by the Council of the European Economic Community. — 27 September 1961. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=6992

Address given by Harold Macmillan. London. 20 September 1962. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=23 554

DeGaulle. Veto on British membership of the EEC. 14 January 1963. Paris ;

http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/DeGaulle's_Veto_on_British_membership_of_the_EEC

Press conference held by Charles de Gaulle' by Yves Courrière // RTL, 14 January 1963. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=11 609

Speech by George Brown at the Tenth Congress of the Socialist International. Stockholm, 6 May 1966. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=13 115

Wilson H. A Speech supporting the UK application for accession to the European Economic Community. 23 January 1967. Strasbourg. ;

http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Accession_to_the_European_Economic_Community

Wilson H. A Speech supporting the UK application for accession to the European Economic Community. 23 January 1967. Strasbourg. ;

http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Accession_to_the_European_Economic_Community

Speech by Lord Chalfont, United Kingdom Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, to the Association of European Journalists. Brussels. 9 October 1967. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=13 997

Negotiations on the second British application for membership.Luxembourg.25 October 1967. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=14 000

Press conference held by Charles de Gaulle: the second veto. Paris. 27 November 1967. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=20 322

White Paper presented by the UK Government to the UK Parliament. July 1971. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=6009

The accession of the United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark to the European Communities. 1973. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=8356

Treaty of Accession of the United Kingdom, Denmark and Ireland.

1972. ;

http://europa.eu/scadplus/treaties/eec_en.htm

Шемятенков В. Европейская интеграция. — М., 2003. С.

273.

Bulmer S., Scott A. Economic and political integration in Europe. — Oxford, 1994. P.

54.

Statement by the British Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs James Callaghan. Luxembourg. 1 April 1974. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=7053

Meetings of the Heads of State or Government (Summit). Paris. 9−10 December 1974. ;

http://aei.pitt.edu/1459/

The European Council. Dublin. 10−11 March 1975. ;

http://aei.pitt.edu/1921/

White paper on the outcomes of the renegotiation of the initial conditions for the UK’s accession to the EC. March 1975. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=7073

Lord С. British entry to the European Community under the Heath Government of 1970;74. Aldershot, 1993. P.21

Statement by Harold Wilson to the House of Commons. .London. 9 June 1975. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=7010

Bulmer S., Scott A. Economic and political integration in Europe. — Oxford, 1994. P.

58.

Treaty of Accession of the United Kingdom, Denmark and Ireland.

1972. ;

http://europa.eu/scadplus/treaties/eec_en.htm

The European Council (Dublin, 29−30 November 1979). ;

http://aei.pitt.edu/1402/

The European Council (Luxembourg, 17−18 April 1980). ;

http://aei.pitt.edu/1413/

Попов В. Маргарет Тэтчер: человек и политик. — М., 2000.С.

406.

См. Report from the Commission of the EC to the Council in execution of the mandate given to it on 30 May 1980 (24 June 1981). ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=1&doc=11 932

Thatcher M. The Downing Street Years. — London, 1993, P.

544.

The European Council (Fountainebleau, 25−26 June 1984). ;

http://aei.pitt.edu/1448/

Thatcher M. The Downing Street Years. — London, 1993, P.548−551.

Address given by Margaret Thatcher. Bruges. 20 September 1988. ;

http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=9492

Dyson K., Featherstone K. The Road to Maastricht: Negotiating Economic and Monetary Union. — Oxford, 1999. P.

604.

Dick L. Guide to the European Union. — Oxford, 1997.P.251

The policies of the Conservative administration from 1990 to 1997. John Major official website. ;

http://www.johnmajor.co.uk/policies.html

Dick L. Guide to the European Union. — Oxford, 1997.P.251

Капитонова Н. Приоритеты внешней политики Великобритании (1990;1997 гг.). — М., 1999. С.

54.

The Best Future for Britain. Conservative Party General Election Manifesto. 1992 ;

http://www.conservativemanifesto.com/1992/1992;conservative-manifesto.shtml

Britain Will Win With Labour. Labour Party General Election Manifesto. 1987. ;

http://www.labour-party.org.uk/manifestos/1987/1987;labour-manifesto.shtml

Капитонова Н. Приоритеты внешней политики Великобритании (1990;1997 гг.). — М., 1999. С.

64.

C ouncil of the European Union. P ress Releases. P

residency: Greece. J anuary-June 1994. M eetings and press releases January-March 1994. ;

http://aei.pitt.edu/3696/

The European Council (Corfu, 24−25 June 1994). ;

http://aei.pitt.edu/1444/

Dick L. Guide to the European Union. — Oxford, 1997.P.253

Palmer J. EU fails to decide how best to decide // The Guardian. 17 June1997. P.

16.

Prime Minister’s speech to the CBI conference. 11 November 1997. ;

http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page1072.asp

The Amsterdam Treaty. 2 October 1997. ;

http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/s50000.htm

Tony Blair’s speech on Europe. Warsaw. 30 May 2003. ;

http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page3787.asp

The European Council (Cardiff, 15−16 June 1998). ;

http://www.europarl.europa.eu/enlargement_new/ europeancouncil/pdf/car_en.pdf

Gordon Brown outlines EU priorities. 17 December 2007. ;

http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page14071.asp

Gordon Brown’s statement on the Treaty of Lisbon. 17 December 2007.London. ;

http://www.saxonbooks.co.uk/Brown_on_Treaty_Lisbon.htm

Gardiner N., McNamara S. The EU Lisbon Treaty: Gordon Brown Surrenders Britain’s Sovereignty // WebMemo #1840. ;

http://www.heritage.org/research/europe/wm1840.cfm

House of Commons Debates. 5 March 2008. ;

http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmhansrd/cm080305/debindx/80 305-x.htm

Are You Thinking What We’re Thinking? Conservative Party General Election Manifesto. 2005. ;

http://www.conservatives.com/tile.do?def=manifesto.index.page

Gamble A. Europeanisation: a political economy perspective. — Sheffield, 2001. ;

http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/poli/juc/2001/agpaper.htm

См. напримерGamble A., Kelly G. Britain and EMU // European states and the Euro: Europeanization, variation and convergence // edit. by Dyson K. — Oxford, 2002. P.118−119.

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