Комплексная оценка функционирования мозговой «системы награды» при зависимости от алкоголя и опиатов.
Экспериментальное и клиническое исследование
Диссертация
Эти линии также различались по предпочтению концентраций сахарозы и объему их потребления в методике выбора двух поилок. Мыши линии С57ВЬ/6 предпочитали более низкие концентрации сахарозы (2,5% -20%), а мыши линии ОВА/2 — более высокие концентрации (5% — 40%), что может косвенно свидетельствовать о более низкой вкусовой чувствительности мышей линии ОВА/2. Мыши линии С57ВЬ/6 также оказались более… Читать ещё >
Список литературы
- Анохина И.П., Веретинская А. Г., Васильева Г. Н., Овчинников И. В. О единстве биологических механизмов индивидуальнойпредрасположенности к злоупотреблению различными психоактивными веществами // Физиол. человека. 2000. — Т.26, № 6. — С. 74−81.
- Беспалов А.Ю., Звартау Э. Э. Нейропсихофармакология антагонистов NMDA-рецепторов. СПб.: Невский Диалект. — 2000. — 297 с. Вальдман A.B., Звартау Э. Э., Козловская М. М. Психофармакология эмоций. — М.: Медицина, 1976. — 328 с.
- Вальдман A.B., Бабаян Э. А., Звартау Э. Э. Психофармакологические и медико-правовые аспекты токсикоманий. М.: Медицина, 1988. — 288 с.
- Иванец H.H., Винникова М. А. Героиновая зависимость (клиника и лечение постабстинентного состояния). М.: Медпрактика-М, 2001.- 128 с.
- Кошкина Е.А. Распространенность алкоголизма и наркомании среди населения России // Психиатрия и психофармакотерапия. 2002. — Т. 4, № 3. — С. 87−89.
- Макаренко Ю.А. Системная организация эмоционального поведения.- М.: Медицина, 1980. 280 с.
- Минков Е.Г. О совокупности условий, необходимой и достаточной для формирования зависимости от психоактивных веществ // Вопросы наркологии. 2000. — № 3. — С. 51.
- Рохлина M. JL, Воронин К. Э. Ремиссии и причины рецидивов у больных моно и полинаркоманиями // Профилактика рецидивов при алкоголизме и наркоманиях. Сборник научных трудов. — СПб., 1991.- С.46−50.
- Чирко В.В., Демина М. В. Очерки клинической наркологии (наркомании и токсикомании: клиника, течение, терапия). — М.: Медпрактика-М, 2002. 240 с.
- Шабанов П.Д., Штакельберг О. Ю. Наркомании: патопсихология, клиника, реабилитация. Под ред. А. Я. Гриненко. — СПб.:Лань, 2000. — 368 с.
- Agabio R., Carai M.A., Lobina C., Pani M., Reali R., Bourov I., Gessa G.L., Colombo G. Dissociation of ethanol and saccharin preference in sP and sNP rats // Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 2000.- Vol. 24. P. 1603−1608.
- Aharon I., Etcoff N., Ariely D., Chabris Ch., O’Connor E., Breiter H. Beautiful faces have variable reward value: fMRI and behavioral evidence // Neuron. 2001. — Vol. 32. — P. 537−551.
- Allen T.J., Moeller F.G., Rhoades H.M., Cherek D.R. Impulsivity and history of drug dependence // Drug Alcohol Depend. 1998. — Vol. 50.- P.137−145.
- Antelman S.M., Eichler A.J., Black C.A., Kocan D. Interchangeability of stress and amphetamine in sensitization // Science. 1980. — Vol. 207. -P. 329−331.
- Bachmanov A.A., Reed D.R., Tordoff M.G., Price R.A., Beauchamp G.K. Intake of ethanol, sodium chloride, sucrose, citric acid, and quininehydrochloride solutions by mice: a genetic analysis // Behavior Genetics. 1996. — Vol. 26. — P. 563−573.
- Balleine B.W., Dickinson A. Goal-directed instrumental action: contingency and incentive learning and their cortical substrates //
- Neuropharmacology. 1998. — Vol. 37. — P. 407−419.
- Basiaux P., Le Bon O., Dramaix M., Massat I., Souery D., Mendlewicz
- J., Pelc I., Verbanck P. Temperament and character inventory (TCI)personality profile and sub-typing in alcoholic patients: A controlledstudy // Alcohol Alcohol. 2001. — Vol. 36. — P. 584−587.
- Bechara A., Dolan S., Denburg N., Hindes A., Anderson S.W., Nathan
- P.E. Decision-making deficits, linked to a dysfunctional ventromedialprefrontal cortex, revealed in alcohol and stimulant abusers //
- Neuropsychologia. 2001. — Vol. 39. — P. 376−389
- Bechara A., Damasio H. Decision-making and addiction (part I): impaired activation of somatic states in substance dependent individuals when pondering decisions with negative future consequences // Neuropsychologia. 2002. — Vol. 40. — P. 1675−1689
- Begleiter H., Porjesz B. What is inherited in predisposition toward alcoholism? A proposed model // Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1999. — Vol. 23. — P. 1125−1 135.
- Belknap J.K., Crabbe J.C., Young E.R. Voluntary consumption of ethanol in 15 inbred mouse strains // Psychopharmacology (Berl). — 1993. Vol. 112, N 4. — P. 503−510.
- Berggren U., Eriksson M., Fahlke C., Blennow K., Balldin J. Platelet monoamine oxidase B in family history positive and family history negative type 1 alcohol-dependent subjects // Alcohol Alcohol. 2002. -Vol. 37, N 6. — P. 577−580.
- Berridge K.C., Robinson T.E. The mind of an addicted brain: neural sensitization of wanting versus liking // Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sei. 1995. — Vol. 4. — P. 71−76.
- Berridge K.C. Measuring hedonic impact in animals and infants: microstructure of affective taste reactivity patterns // Neuroscience and
- Biobehavioral Reviews. 2000. — Vol. 24. — P. 173−198
- Blizard D.A. Sweet and bitter taste of ethanol in C57BL/J6 and DBA2/Jmouse strains. // Behav. Genet. 2007. — Vol. 37. — P. 146−159.
- Blum K., Braverman E.R., Holder J.M., Lubar J.F., Monastra V.J.,
- Miller D., Lubar J.O., Chen T.J., Comings D.E. Reward deficiencysyndrome: a biogenetic model for the diagnosis and treatment of impulsive, addictive, and compulsive behaviors // J. Psychoactive Drugs. 2000. — Vol. 32. — P. 1−112.
- Blundell J.E., Hill A.J. Do serotoninergic drugs decrease energy intake by reducing fat or carbohydrate intake? Effect of d-fenfluramine with supplemented weight-increasing diets // Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 1989. — Vol. 31. — P. 773−778.
- Bogucka-Bonikowska A., Baran-Furga H., Chmielewska K., Harbat B., Scinska A., Kukwa A. Taste function in methadone-maintained opioid-dependent men // Drug Alcohol Depend. 2002. — Vol. 68. — P. 113— 117.
- Brown R.V., Hutcheson D.P. Nutrition and alcohol consumption in Sinclair miniature pig // Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol. — 1973. Vol. 34. — P. 758−763.
- Calcagnetti D.J., Reid L.D. Morphine and acceptability of putative reinforcers // Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1983. — Vol. 18. — P. 567 569.
- Campbell U.C., Carroll M.E. Reduction of drug self-administration by an alternative non-drug reinforcer in rhesus monkeys: magnitude and temporal effects // Psychopharmacology. 2000. — Vol 147. — P. 418 425.
- Carroll M.E., Lac S.T., Nygaard S.L. A concurrently available nondrug reinforcer prevents the aquisition or reduces the maintenance of cocaine-reinforced behavior // Psychopharmacology. 1989. — Vol. 97. — P. 2329.
- Carroll M.E., Lac S.T. Autoshaping i.v. cocaine self-administration in rats: effects of nondrug alternative reinforcers on acquisition // Psychopharmacology. 1993. — Vol 110. — P. 5−12.
- Carton S., Morand P., Bungenera C., Jouvent R. Sensation-seeking and emotional disturbances in depression: Relationships and evolution // J. Affect. Disord. 1995. — Vol. 34. — P. 219−225.
- Cloninger C.R. A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants // Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1987a.- Vol. 44. P. 573−588.
- Cloninger C.R. Neurogenic adaptive mechanisms in alcoholism // Science. 1987b. — Vol. 236. — P. 410−416.
- Cloninger C.R., Sigvardsson S., Bohman M. Childhood personality predicts alcohol abuse in young adults // Alcohol: Clin Exp Res. 1988.- Vol. 12. P. 494−505.
- Collins A.C., de Fiebre C.M. Treatment choices for alcoholism and substance abuse. Ed. Milkman H.B., Sederer L.I. Lexington- Toronto, 1990. — P. 7- 23.
- Comer S.D., Collins E.D., Wilson S.T., Donovan M.R., Foltin R.W., Fischman M.W. Effects of an alternative reinforcer on intravenous heroin self-administration by humans // Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1998. — Vol. 345. — P. 13−26.
- Desor J., Green L., Mailer O. Preferences for sweet and salty in 9- to 15-year-old and adult humans // Science. 1975. — Vol. 190. — P. 686−687.
- Drevets W.C., Gautier C., Price J.C., Kupfer D.J., Kinahan P.E., Grace A.A., Price J.L., Mathis, C.A. Amphetamine- induced dopamine release in human ventral striatum correlates with euphoria // Biol. Psych. — 2001. Vol. 49. — P. 81−96.
- Elmer G.I., Meisch R.A., George F.R. Oral ethanol reinforced behavior in inbred mice // Pharm., Biochem. and Behav. 1986. — Vol. 24. — P. 1417−1421.
- Ernst M., Matochik J.A., Heishman S.J., Van Horn J.D., Jons P.H., Henningfield J.E., London E.D. Effect of nicotine on brain activation during performance of a working memory task // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001. — Vol. 98. — P. 4728−4733.
- Everitt B.J., Dickinson A., Robbins T.W. The neuropsychological basis of addictive behaviour // Brain Res. Rev. 2001. — Vol. 36. — P. 129 138.
- Fiorino D.F., Phillips A.G. Facilitation of sexual behavior and enhanced dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens of male rats after D-amphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization // J. Neurosci. — 1999. — Vol. 19. P. 456−463.
- Franken I., Zijlstra C., Muris P. Are nonpharmacological induced rewards related to anhedonia? A study among skydivers // Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2006. — Vol. 30. — P. 297−300.
- Forsander O.A., Sinclair J.D. Protein, carbohydrate and ethanol consumption: interaction in AA and ANA rats // Alcohol. 1988. — Vol. 5. — P. 233−238.
- Froehlich J.C., Li T-K. Opioid involvement in alcohol drinking // Ann NY Acad Sci. 1994. — Vol. 739. — P. 156−167.
- Fuller J.L. Single locus control of saccharin preference in mice. // J. Hered. 1974. — Vol. 65. — P. 33−36.
- Gerra G., Baldaro B., Zaimovic A., Moi G., Bussandri M., Raggi M., Brambilla F. Neuroendocrine responses to experimentally-induced emotions among abstinent opioid-dependent subjects // Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2003. — Vol. 71. — P. 25−35.
- Goodwin D.W. The genetics of alcoholism // Subst. Alcohol. Actions Misuse. 1980. — Vol. 1. — P. 101−117.
- Hill S.Y., Zubin J., Steinhauer S.R. Personality resemblance in relatives of male alcoholics: A comparison with families of male control cases // Biol. Psychiatry. 1990. — Vol. 27. — P. 1305−1322.
- Hill S.Y., De Bellis M.D., Keshavan M.S., Lowers L., Shen S., Hall J., Pitts T. Right amygdala volume in adolescent and young adult offspring from families at high risk for developing alcoholism // Biol. Psychiatry. 2001. — Vol. 49. — P. 894−905.
- Hirsch A.R. High sucrose preference in alcoholic men. Letter to the editor // American Journal of Psychiatry. 1997. — Vol. 154, N 11. — P. 1631.
- Horger B.A., Giles M.K., Schenk S. Preexposure to amphetamine and nicotine predisposes rats to self-administer a low dose of cocaine // Psychopharmacol. 1992. — Vol. 107. — P. 271−276.
- Kelley A.E., Berridge K.C. The neuroscience of natural rewards: relevance to addictive drugs // The Journal of Neuroscience. — 2002. — Vol. 22, N 9. P. 3306−3311.
- Kendler K.S., ICarkowski L.M., Neale M.C., Prescott C.A. Illicit psychoactive substance use, heavy use, abuse, and dependence in a US population-based sample of male twins // Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. — 2000.- Vol. 57. P. 261−269.
- Koob G.F. Drugs of abuse: anatomy, pharmacology and function of reward pathways // Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 1992. — Vol. 13. — P. 177 184.
- Koob G.F., Le Moal M. Drug abuse: hedonic homeostatic dysregulation // Science. 1997. — Vol. 278. — P. 52−58.
- Koob G.F., Caine S.B., Parsons L., Markou A., Weiss F. Opponent process model and psychostimulant addiction // Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1997. — Vol. 57. — P. 5 13−21.
- Koob G.F. Drug abuse and alcoholism. Overview // Adv. Pharmacol. — 1998. Vol. 42. — P. 969−977.
- Koros E., Piasecki J., Kostowski W., Bienkowski P. Saccharin drinking rather than open field behavior predicts initial ethanol acceptance in Wistar rats // Alcohol and Alcoholism. 1998. — Vol. 33, N 2. — P. 131 140.
- A.D., Ko J., Chow S., Quan B. Alcohol consumption by C57BL/6, BALB/c, and DBA/2 mice in a limited access paradigm // Pharm., Biochem. and Behav. 1994. — Vol. 47. — P. 375−378.
- Marquand D., Pihl R.O., Benkelfat C. Serotonin and alcohol intake, abuse, and dependence: Findings of animal studies // Biological Psychiatry. 1994. — Vol. 36. — P. 395−421.
- Marks-Kaufman R., Hamm M., Barbato G.F. The effect of dietary sucrose on opiate receptor binding in lean and obese mice // Federal Proceedings. 1988. — Vol. 44. — P. 424.
- Marra D., Warot D., Payan C., Hispard E., Dally S., Puech A.J. Anhedonia and relapse in alcoholism // Psychiatry Research. 1998. — Vol. 80. — P. 187−196.
- Martin E.D., Sher K. Family history of alcoholism, alcohol use and the five factor model of personality // J. Stud. Alcohol. 1994. — Vol. 55. -P. 81−90.
- McAuliffe W.E. A test ofWikler’s theory of relapse: the frequency of relapse due to conditioned withdrawal sickness // Int. J. Addict. 1982. — Vol. 17. — P. 19−33.
- McClearn G.E., Rodgers D.A. Genetic factors in alcohol preference in laboratory mice // J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 1961. — Vol. 54. — P. 116−119.
- Merikangas K.R. The genetic epidemiology of alcoholism // Psychol Med. 1990. — Vol. 20, N 1. — P. 11−22.
- Miller N.S., Summers G.L., Gold M.S. Cocaine dependence: Alcohol and other drug dependence and withdrawal characteristics // J. Addict. Disord. 1993. — Vol. 12. — P. 25−35.
- O’Brien C.P., Childress A.R., McLellan A.T., Ehrman R., Ternes J.W. Types of conditioning found in drug-dependent humans // NIDA Res. Monogr. 1988. — Vol. 84. — P. 44−61.
- O’Brien C.P., Childress A.R., McLellan A.T., Ehrman R. A learning model of addiction // In Addictive States, ed. C.P. O’Brien, J.H. Jaffe. -New York: Raven, 1992. P. 157−77.
- Olds J., Milner P. Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain // J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 1954. — Vol. 47, N3. — P. 419−423.
- Phillips A.G., Carter D.A., Kooy D., Fibiger H.C. Role of monoamines in brain-stimulation reward // Proc. Internat. Union Physiol. Sci. 27-th Int. Congr., Paris. 1977. — Vol. 12. — P. 689.
- Prescott C.A., Aggen S.H., Kendler K.S. Sex differences in the sources of genetic liability to alcohol abuse and dependence in a population-based sample of US twins // Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1999. — Vol. 23. -P.1136−1144.
- Ramsay D.S., Woods S.C. Biological consequences of drug administration: implications for acute and chronic tolerance // Psychol. Rev. 1997. — Vol. 104. — P. 170−193.
- Robinson T.E., Becker J.B. Enduring changes in brain and behavior produced by chronic amphetamine administration: a review and evaluation of animal models of amphetamine psychosis // Brain Res. Rev. 1986. — Vol. 11. — P. 157−198.
- Robinson T.E. Stimulant drugs and stress: factors influencing individual differences in the susceptibility to sensitization // In Sensitization of the Nervous System, ed. PW Kalivas, CBarnes. Caldwell, NJ: Telford, 1988. — P. 145−173.
- Robinson T.E., Berridge K.C. The neural basis of drug craving: an incentive-sensitization theory of addiction // Brain Research Reviews. — 1993. Vol. 18. — P. 247−291.
- Robinson T.E., Browman K.E., Crombag H.S., Badiani A. Modulation of the induction or expression of psychostimulant sensitization by the circumstances surrounding drug administration // Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 1998. — Vol. 22. — P. 347−354.
- Robinson T.E., Kolb B. Alterations in the morphology of dendrites and dendritic spines in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex following repeated treatment with amphetamine or cocaine // Eur. J. Neurosci. 1999a. — Vol. 11. — P. 1598−1604.
- Robinson T.E., Kolb B. Morphine alters the structure of neurons in the nucleus accumbens and neocortex of rats // Synapse. 1999b. — Vol. 33.- P. 60−62.
- Robinson T.E., Berridge K.C. The psychology and neurobiology of addiction: an incentive-sensitization view // Addiction. — 2000. — Vol. 95, Suppl. 2. P. 91−117.
- Robinson T.E., Gorny G., Mitton E., Kolb B. Cocaine self-administration alters the morphology of dendrites and dendritic spines in the nucleus accumbens and neocortex // Synapse. 2001. — Vol. 39. — P. 257−266.
- Robinson T.E., Berridge K.C. Addiction // Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2003. -Vol. 54. — P. 25−53.
- Rockman G.E., Amit Z., Bourque C., Brown Z.W. Reduction of voluntary morphine consumption following treatment with zimelidine // Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamic et de Therapie. 1980. — Vol. 244. — P. 123−129.
- Rolls E.T. The orbitofrontal cortex and reward // Cereb. Cortex. 2000.- Vol. 10. P. 284−294.
- Rommelspacher H., May T., Dufeu P., Schmidt L. G. Longitudinal observations of monoamine oxidase B in alcoholics: differentiation of marker characteristics // Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 1994. — Vol. 18. — P. 1322−1329.
- Neuropsychiatric Association // J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. — 2002. Vol. 14. — P. 377−405
- Sako N., Yamamoto T. Electrophysiological and behavioral studies on taste effectiveness of alcohols in rats // American Journal of Physiology. 1999.-Vol. 276. — P. 388−396.
- Samson H.H., Pfeffer A.O., Tolliver G.A. Oral ethanol self-administration in rats: models of alcohol-seeking behavior // Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 1988. — Vol. 12, N 5. — P. 591−598.
- Shalev U., Grimm J.W., Shaham Y. Neurobiology of relapse to heroin and cocaine seeking: a review // Pharmacol. Rev. 2002. — Vol. 54. — P. 1−42.
- Sinclair J.D., Kampov-Polevoy A.B., Stewart R., Li T.-K. Taste preferences in rat lines selected for low and high alcohol consumption // Alcohol. 1992. — Vol. 9. — P. 155−160.
- Solomon R.L. Addiction: an opponentprocess theory of acquired motivation: the affective dynamics of addiction // In Psychopathology: Experimental Models, ed. JD Maser. San Francisco: Freeman, 1977. -P. 66−103.
- Sullivan J. L., Cavenar J., Maltbie A. A., Lister P., Zung, W. W. Familial biochemical and clinical correlates of alcoholics with low platelet monoamine oxidase activity // Biological Psychiatry. 1979. — Vol. 14. — P. 385−394.
- Svensson L., Engel J., Hard E. Effects of the 5-HT receptor agonist, 8-OH-DPAT, on ethanol preference in the rat // Alcohol. 1989. — Vol. 6.- P. 17−21.
- Tcheremissine O.V., Krupitsky E.M. Neurobiological approach to treatment of addiction // Addictive disorders and their treatment. 2004.- Vol. 3, N 1. P. 43−49.
- Thanos, P.K., Volkow N.D., Freimuth P., Umegaki H., Ikari H., Roth G., Ingram D.K., Hitzemann R. Overexpression of dopamine D2 receptors reduces alcohol self-administration // J. Neurochem. 2001. Vol. 78. — P. 1094−1103.
- Volkow, N.D., Fowler J.S., Wolf A.P., Hitzemann R., Dewey S., Bendriem B., Alpert R., Hoff A. Changes in brain glucose metabolism in cocaine dependence and withdrawal // Am. J. Psychiatry. 1991. — Vol. 148. — P. 621−626.
- Volkow, N.D., Fowler, J.S., Wang, G.J., Hitzemann, R., Logan, J., Schlyer, D.J. Decreased dopamine D2 receptor availability is associated with reduced frontal metabolism in cocaine abusers // Synapse. 1993. -Vol. 14. — P. 169- 177.
- Volkow, N.D., Wang G.J., Fowler J.S., Logan J., Gatley S.J., Hitzemann R., Chen A.D., Dewey S.L., Pappas N. Decreased striatal dopaminergic responsivity in detoxified cocaine abusers // Nature. 1997. — Vol. 386.- P. 830−833.
- Volkow N.D., Fowler J.S., Ding Y.S., Wang G.J., Gatley S.J. Imaging the neurochemistry of nicotine actions: studies with positron emission tomography // Nicotine and Tobacco Research. 1999a. — Vol. l (Suppl 2). — P. S127-S132.
- Volkow N.D., Fowler J.S., Wang G.J. The addicted human brain: insights from imaging studies // J. Clin. Invest. 2003. — Vol. 111. — P. 1444−1451.
- Volkow N.D. What do we know about drug addiction? // Am. J. Psychiatry. 2005. — Vol. 162. — P. 1401−1402.
- Washton A.M., Stone-Washton N. Outpatient treatment of cocaine and crack addiction: a clinical perspective // NIDA Res. Monogr. 1993. -Vol. 135. — P. 15−30.
- Wooley O.W., Wooley S.C., Dunhum R.B. Calories and sweet tastes: effects on sucrose preference in the obese and non-obese // Physiol Behav. 1972. Vol. 9. — P. 765−768.
- Wurtman J.J. Carbohydrate craving. Relationship between carbohydrate intake and disorders in mood // Drugs. 1990. — Vol. 39, Suppl 3. — P. 49−52.
- Wyvell C.L., Berridge K.C. Intraaccumbens amphetamine increases the conditioned incentive salience of sucrose reward: enhancement of reward «wanting» without enhanced «liking» or response reinforcement // J. Neurosci. 2000. — Vol. 20. — P. 8122−8130.
- Yu D.S., Smith F.L., Smith D.G., Lyness W.H. Fluoxetine-induced attenuation of amphetamine self-administration in rats // Life Science. -1986. Vol. 39. — P. 1383−1388.
- Yung L., Gordis E., Holt J. Dietary choices and likelihood of abstinence in an out patient clinic // Drug and Alcohol Dependence. — 1983. Vol. 12. — P. 355−362.
- Zaninelli R.M., Porjesz B., Begleiter H. The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire in males at high and Low risk for alcoholism // Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1992. — Vol. 16. — P. 68−70.
- Zhang M., Kelley A.E. Opiate agonists microinjected into the nucleus accumbens enhance sucrose drinking in rats // Psychopharmacology. — 1997. Vol. 132. — P. 350−360.
- Zuckerman M. Behavioral Expressions and Biosocial Bases of Sensation Seeking. — New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.