Квантовохимическое исследование E2, S n2 и каскадного n-S n2 механизмов в ряду галогенциклоалканов
Диссертация
Методика исследования. Для решения поставленных задач использовались теоретические методы квантовой химии. В своих расчетах мы использовали полуэмпирический метод AMI, а также неэмпирические методы в базисах 3−21G, 3−21+G, MP2/3−21+G, 6−31+G, 6−31+G*, MP2/6−31+G*. Расчеты проводились с полной оптимизацией геометрических параметров молекул по программам АМРАС и GAMESS. Переходные состояния… Читать ещё >
Список литературы
- Марч Дж. Органическая химия. Реакции, механизмы и структура. -М.: Мир, 1988. Т.4, -6 с.
- DePuy С.Н., Thurn R.D., Morris G.F. Concerted bimolecular eliminations effects of dihedral angle on E2 reactions // J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1962. -84. № 6. -p. 13 141 318.
- Kreevoy M.M., Gilje J.W., Ditsch L.T., Batorewitz W., Turner M.A. Thermodynamic properties of activation for cis- and trans-deoxymercuration. // J. Org. Chem. -1962. -27. № 3. -p. 726−729.
- Fukui K. Molecular orbital theoretical illumination for the principle of stereoselection // Tet. Lett. -1965. -6. № 16. -p. 2427−2428.
- Fukui K., Fujimoto H. A theoretical account for stereoselective E2 reactions. // Tet. Lett. -1965. -6. № 48. -p. 4303−4307.
- Fukui K., Fujimoto H. Extended Hueckel approximation in the independent electron MO theory // Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. -1967. -40. № 10. -p. 2018−2022.
- Fukui К., Hao H., Fujimoto H. An МО-theoretical study of several bimolecular reactions of nucleophilic reagents. // Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. -1969. -42. № 2. -p. 348 355.
- Eliel E.L., Wilen S.H. Stereochemistry of organic compounds- John Wiley & Sons: New York. -1994.
- Cram D.J., Greene F.D., DePuy C.H. Studies in stereochemistry. XXV. Eclipsing effects in the E2 reaction. // J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1956. -78. № 3. -p. 790−796.
- Bunnett J.F. Mechanism of bimolecular p-elimination reactions // Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. -1962. № 1. -p. 225−231.
- Bunnett J.F. Mechanism of dimolecular p-elimination. // Angew. Chem. -1962. -74. № 3. P.731−741.
- Beltrame P., Biale G., Lloyd D.J., Parker A J., Ruane M., Winstein S. The E2C mechanism in elimination reactions. V. Elimination from five- and six-membered alicyclis. //J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1972. -94. № 7. -p. 2240−2255.
- Parker A.J., Ruane M., Biale G., Winstein S. Elimination reactions. The E2C mechanism //Tet. Lett. -1968. -9. № 20. -P.2113−2117.
- McLennan D.J. A revised transition state spectrum for concerted bimolecular p-eliminations. //Tetrahedron. -1975. -31. № 21. -p. 2999−3010
- Ford W.T. Mechanisms of elimination reactions catalyzed by weak bases // Acc. Chem. Res. -1973. -6. № 1. -p. 410−419.
- Baciocchi E., Bunnet J.F. Kinetics of olefin forming elimination from benzyldimethylynyl halides induced by halide ions in Acetone // J. Org. Chem. -1970. -35. № 1.-p. 76−79.
- More O’Ferall.R.A. Reactions between E2 and Elcb mechanisms of p-elimination //J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1970. -92. № 1. -p. 274−281.
- Thornton E.R. Theory for predicting the effects of substituent changes on transition state geometry 111. Am. Chem. Soc. -1967. -89. № 16. -p. 2915−2923.
- Harris J.C., Kurz J.L. A direct approach to the prediction of substituent effects on transition state structure. //J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1970. -92. № 2. -p. 349−355.
- Critchlow J.E. Prediction of transition state configuration in concerted reactions from the energy requirements of the separate processes // J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans.-1972.-68. № 19. -p. 1774−1792.
- Jencks D.A., Jencks W.P. On the characterization of transition states by structure-reactivity coefficients. //J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1977. -99. № 24. -p. 7948−7960.
- Banthorpe D.V. Elimination Reactions. Elsevier: New York. -1963.
- Saunders W.H., Jr.- Cockerill A.F. Mechanisms of Elimination reactions- John Wiley & Sons: New York. -1973.
- Gandler J.R. In The Chemistry of Double-Bonded Functional Groups- Patai S., Ed.- Wiley: New York. -1989. Vol.2.
- R.A. Bartsch, J. Zavada. Stereochemical and Base Species Dichotomies in Olefm-Forming E2 Eliminations. // Chem. Rew. -1980. -80. № 6. -p. 453−494.
- Brown K.C., Saunders W.H., Jr. Mechanisms of elimination reactions. XIV. Stereochemistry and Isotope effects eliminations from cyclopentyl- and 3,3-dimethylcyclopentyltrimethylammonium salts. //J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1970. -92. № 14. -p. 4292−4295.
- Ridge D.P., Beauchamp J.L. Reactions of Strong Bases with Alkyl Halides in the Gas Phase. A New Look at E2 Base-Induced Elimination Reactions without Solvent Participation // J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1974. -96. № 11. -p. 3595−3602.
- DePuy C.H., Gronert S., Mullin A., Bierbaum V.M. Gas-Phase Sn2 and E2 Reactions of Alkyl Halides // J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1990. -112. № 24. -p. 8650−8655.
- Gronert S., DePuy C.H., Bierbaum V.M. Deuterium Isotope Effects in Gas-Phase Reactions of Alkyl Halides: Distinguishing E2 and Sn2 Pathways // J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1991. -113. № 13. -p. 4009−4010.
- Sullivan S.A., Beauchamp J.L. Competition in the reactions of strong bases with fluorethanes in the gas phase. Influence of base strength on reactivity //J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1976. -98. № 5. -p. 1160−1162.
- Sullivan S.A., Beauchamp J.L. Reactions of fluoroethylenes with strong bases in the gas phase //J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1977. -99. № 12. -p. 5017−5022.
- Jones M.E., Ellison G.B. A gas-phase E2 reaction: methoxide ion and bromopropane//J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1989. -111. № 5. -p. 1645−1654.
- Lieder C.A., Brauman J.I. Technique for detection of neutral products in gasphase, ion-molecule reactions // Int. J. Mass. Spectrom. Ion. Phys. -1975. -16. № 1. -p. 307−312.
- Zipse H. Application of the methylenology principle to substitution reactions. A theoretical study //J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2. -1997. -p. 2691−2697.
- Minato.T., Yamabe.S. Theoretical stadies on gas-phase reactions of F~ with fluoroethane: E2 gas-phase reactions and Sn2 // J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1985. -107.16.-p. 4621−4626.
- Minato.T., Yamabe.S. Comparative study of E2 and S. sgr2 reactions between ethyl halyde and halyde ion //J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1988. -110. № 4. -p. 4586−4593.
- Bach.R.D., Badger.R.C., Lang.T.Y. Theoretical studies on E2 elimination reactions. Evidence that syn-elimination is accompanied by inversion of configuration at the carbanionic center //J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1979. -101. № 11. -p. 2845−2848.
- Pross A., Shaik S.S. A Qualitative Valence-Bond Approach to Organic Reactivity. Application to elimination Reactions //J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1982. -104. № 1. -p. 187−195.
- Gronert.S. Theoretical studies of Elimination reactions. 1. Reactions of F~ and PH2″ with CH3CH2CI. Competition between E2 and S.2 mechanisms for First- and Second- Row Nuclephiles //J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1991. -113. -p. 6041−6048.
- Gronert S., Freed P. Theoretical Studies of Eliminations. 5. Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Eliminations: An ab Initio Study of the Gas-Phase Reaction of NFh" with CH3CH2SCH3 //J. Org. Chem. -1996. -61. № 26. -p. 9430−9433.
- Gronert S., Kass S.R. The Regiochemistry and Stereochemistry of the Gas-Phase Reactions of 3-Halocyclohexenes with Fluoride. An ab Initio Study // J. Org. Chem. -1997.-62. № 23. -p. 7991−8000.
- Chung D.S., Kim Ch.K., Lee B-S., Lee I. Theoretical Studies of Competitive GasPhase Sn2 and E2 Reactions of NCCH2CH2CI with OH- and SH // J. Phys. Chem. A. -1997. -101. № 48. -p. 9097−9104.
- Dewar.M.J.S., Yuan. Y-C. AMI studies of E2 reactions. 1. Mechanism and leaving group effects // J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1990. -112. № 6. -p. 2088−2094.
- Dewar.M.J.S., Yuan. Y-C. AMI studies of E2 reactions. 2. Regioselectivity, ctereochemustry, kinetic isotop effects and competition with Sjvj-2 reactions // J. Am.
- Chem. Soc. -1990. -112. № 6. -p. 2095−2105.
- Gronert.S. Theoretical studies of Elimination reactions. 2. The importance of periplanarTS in Elcb-lice elimination // J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1992. -114. p. 2349−2354.
- Am. Chem. Soc. -1977. -99. № 13. -p. 4219−4228. 49. Pellerite M.J., Brauman J.I. Intrinsic barriers in nucleophilic displacements. A general model for intrinsic nucleophilicity toward methyl centers //J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1983. -105. № 9. -p. 2672−2680.
- Bickelhaupt.F.M., Baerends.E.J., Nibbering.N.W.M., Ziegler.T. Theoreticalinvestigation on Base-Induced 1,2-eliminations the Model System F~ + CH3CH2 °F. The Role of the Base as a Catalyst //J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1993. -115.-p. 9160−9173.
- Ito.S., Kakehi.A. Orbital Tilting and Hybridization change. An Illustrationale Molecular Orbital Approach to an Addition (CH2=CH2 + HBr CH3CH2Br) andan Elimination Reaction (CH3CH2Br/base -" CH2=CH2) // Bull. Chem. Soc.
- Jpn. -1990. -63. -p. 2850−2856.
- Gronert.S. Theoretical studies of Elimination reactions. 4. Gas-Phase reactions of
- F" with cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl chloride. Stereochemical preferences of E2 eliminations //J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1994. -59. № 23. -p. 7046−7050.
- Gronert S. Fluoride Induced Elimination of Ethyl Fluoride. The Importance of High-Level Opimizations in ab Initio and DFT Studies // J. Org. Chem. -1994. -59. № 23. -p. 488−489.
- Bickebhaupt.F.M., Buisman G.J.H., de Koning L.J., Nibbering.N.W.M., Baerends.E.J. Gas-Phase Base-Induced 1,4-Eliminations: Occurrence of Single-, Double-, and Triple- Well Elcb Mechanisms //J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1995. -117. № 39. -p. 9889−9899.
- Sicher J. Stereochemistry. LXII. Hoffmann Saytzeff and the syn-anty elimination dichotomy. Reaction between the two phenomena // Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. -1972.-11. № 1.-p. 200−212.
- Damrauer R., Kass S.R., DePuy C.H. Gas-phase acidities of methylsilanes: carbon-hydrogen versus silicon-nytrogen // Organometallics. -1988. -7. № 2. -p. 637−639.
- Glad S.S., Jensen F. Inference of Transition State Geometries from Kinetic Isotope Effects: An ab Initio Study of an E2 Model System //J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1994. -116. № 20.-p. 9302−9310.
- Nielsen P.A., Glad S.S., Jensen F. Influence of Substituents on Kinetic Isotope Effects //J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1996. -118. № 43. -p. 10 577−10 583.
- Glad S.S., Jensen F. Basis Set and Correlation Effects on Transition State Geometries and Kinetic Isotope Effects // J. Phys. Chem. -1996. -100. № 42. -p. 16 892−16 898.
- Glad S.S., Jensen F. Kinetic Isotope Effects and Transition State Geometries. A Theoretical Investigation of E2 Model Systems // J. Org. Chem. -1997. -62. № 2. -p. 253−260.
- Якушкина Н.И., Болесов И. Г. Стереоселективность при дегидрогалогенировании некоторых бромциклопропанов // ЖОрХ. -1980. -16. Вып.6. -С. 1335−1336.
- Billups W.E., Reed L.E., Casserly E., Lin L.P. Generation of bicyclo4.1.0.heptatrienes. Generation of bicyclo[4.1 .OJheptatrienes //J. Org. Chem. -1981.-46. № 7. -p. 1326−1333.
- Halton В., Officer D.I. Dehydrohalogenation of endo-l-chloro-la, 9b-dihydro-cyclopropal.phenanthrene // Tet. Lett. -1981. -22. № 37. -p. 3687−3688.
- Parcer R.H., Jones W.M. Attempts to generate a homocycloheptatrienylidene // Tet. Lett. -1984. -25. № 12. -p. 1245−1248.
- AMI: A New general purpose quantum mechanical molecular model. / Dewar M.J.S., Zoebisch E.G., Healy E.F., Stewart J.J.P. // J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1985. -107. № 13.-p. 3902−3909.
- Dewar M.J.S., Dieter K.M. Evaluation of AMI calculated proton affinities and deprotonation enthalpies // J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1986. -108. № 25. -p. 8075−8086.
- Mclver J.W., Komornicki A. Symmetry selection rules for transition states // J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1972. -94. № 8. -p. 2625−2633.
- Болесов И.Г., Племенков В. В. Новое в синтезе циклопропанов // Современные проблемы органической химии. Вып.9. межвуз.сб. под ред. Оглоблина К. А. -Л.: ЛГУ -1987. 248с. -С. 137−161.
- Dhar M.L., Hughes E.D., Ingold С.К., Masterman S. Mechanism of elimination reactions. Part IX. Kinetics of olefin elimination from n-propyl, n-butyl, n-amyl, and isoButyl bromides in alkaline alcoholic media // J. Chem. Soc. -1948. № 12. -p. 2055−2061.
- Su Т., Bowers M.T. In Gas Phase Ion Chemistry. Ed.: Academic Press: New York, -1979. -1.74. de Koning L.J., Nibbering N.M.M. On the mechanism of base-induced gas-phase elimination reactions of ethers // J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1987. -109. № 6. -p. 1715−1722.
- Lum R.G., Grabowski J.J. Substitution competes with elimination in a gas-phase. anion-molecule reaction // J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1988. -110. № 25. -p. 8568−8570.
- Suh E.M., Kishi Y. Synthesis of palytoxyn from palytoxin carboxylic acid // J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1994. -116. № 24. -p. 11 205−11 206.
- Tietze L.F. Domino reactions in organic synthesis //Chem. Rev. -1996. -96. № 1. -p. 115−136.
- Epiotis N.D., Cherry W.R., Sgaik S., Yates R., Bernardi. Structural theory of organic chemistry. -Top. Curr. Chem. -1977. -70. -p. 250.
- Comprehensive Organic Chemistry. Vol.1. Stereochemist, Hydrocarbons, Halo Compounds /Ed. Stoddart. Oxf.-N.Y.-Tor.-Syd.-Par.-Frank.: Pergamon Press, -1979.-p.54.
- Смит B.A. Новое в реакциях электрофильиого присоединения по двойной связи //ЖВХО. -1977. Т.22. Вып. 3. -е. 300−314.
- Csizmadia V.M., Schmid G.H., Mezey P.G., Csizmadia I.G. Ab initio SCF-MO Study of the reaction intermediates formed by addition of thiohypochlorous acid to ethylene // J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. II. -1977. № 8. -p. 1019−1024.
- Schmid G.H., Garratt D.G. A comparison of transition states in nucleophilic displacement by alkenes at bivalent sulfur and selenium //Tet. Lett. -1983. -24. № 48. -p. 5299−5302.
- Бородкин Г. И., Гатилов Ю. В., Черняк Е. И., Шубин В. Г. Первое рентгеноструктурное исследование эписульфониевых ионов: 1,2-диметилаценафтилен-8-фенилэписульфониевый тетрахлоралюминат // Изв. АН СССР. Сер. хим. -1985. № 12. -с. 2826−2833.
- Бородкин Г. И., Гатилов Ю. В., Черняк Е. И., Шубин В. Г. Наблюдение методом ЯМР превращения «долгоживущих» эписульфониевого и p-SR-замещенного катионов // Ж. Общей, хим. -1986. № 13. -с. 663−666.
- Rosnati Vittorio, Di Vona M. Luisa, Tradi Pietro. Neighboring-group participation. A «quasi-SNi» mechanism in the acetolysis and thio- acetolyses of 1-(phenylthio)-2-(p-tolylsulfonyl)oxy.ethane // J. Org. Chem. -1989. -54. № 4. -p. 761−764.
- Растейкене Л.П., Мишкинене B.A. Реакции производных 2,3-метил (и фенил) -тиохлоркарбоновых кислот с ацетат анионами // Тр. АН Лит. ССР. В. -1984. № 6/145. -с. 51−62.
- Ермолаева В.Н., Садовая Н. К., Зефиров Н. С. Перегруппировка Вагнера -Меервейна в реакции бензнорборнадиена с арилсульфенилхлоридами //ЖОрХ. -1981. Т. 17. № 7. -с. 1554−1555.
- Гриценко Е.И., Бутенко Г. Г., Племенков В. В., Балуева А. И., Болесов И. Г. Синтез циклопр опил сульфидов и циклопропилсульфонатов сульфенилхлорированием 3,3-дизамещенных циклопропенов //ЖОХ. -1986. Т.56. Вып. 3. -с. 632−638.
- Гриценко Е.И., Бутенко Г. Г., Племенков В. В. Поведение циклоалкенов в реакциях сульфенилхлорирования дегидрохлорирования //ЖОрХ. -1984. Т.20. № 4. -с. 741−746.
- Dewar M.J.S., Zoebisch E.G., Healy E.F., Stewart J.J.P. AMPAC (IBM), QCPE № 527. -1980.
- Dupuis M., Spangler D., Wendolosky J.J. GAMESS. National resourse for computations in chemistry. Software catalog. V.l. Programm 0001. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. -1980.