К вопросу об эффектах самоорганизации в растворах полиэлектролитов
Диссертация
В наши дни изучению полиэлектролитов уделяется большое внимание. Высокий интерес к этим исследованиям обусловлен как связью полиэлектролитов с биологическими системами (например, молекула ДНК может рассматриваться как молекула полиэлектролита), так и их практическим применением. Полиэлектролиты используются как сгустители, диспергаторы, улучшители качества воды, агенты утилизации отходов, мыла… Читать ещё >
Список литературы
- П.Ж. де Жен, Физика жидких кристаллов, М.: Мир, 1977.
- Жидкокристаллический порядок в полимерах, Под ред. A.M. Блюм-штейна, М.: Мир, 1981.
- С.П. Папков, В. Г. Куличихин, Жидкокристаллическое состояние полимеров, М.: Химия, 1977.
- Liquid Crystal Polymers, Eds. M. Gordon, N.A. Plate. // Adv. Polym. Sci., 59, 60 (1984).
- L. Onsager, The effects of shape on the interaction of colloidal particles. // Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 51, 627 (1949).
- А.Ю. Гросберг, A.P. Хохлов, Статистическая физика макромолекул, М.: Наука, 1989.
- Л.Д. Ландау, Е. М. Лифшиц, Статистическая физика, Часть 1, М.: Наука, 1976.
- P.J. Flory, Phase equilibria in solutions of rod-like particles. // Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 234, 73 (1956).
- P.J. Flory, Statistical Mechanics of Chain Molecules (Wiley, New York, 1969).
- G. Lasher, Nematic ordering of hard rods derived from a scaled particle treatment. // J. Chem. Phys., 53, 4141 (1970).
- P.J. Flory, Molecular theory of liquid crystals. // Adv. Polym. Sci., 59, 1 (1984).
- A.R. Khokhlov, Conditions of formation of liquid crystals from biopolymer solutions, Intern. J. Quant. Chem., 16, 857 (1979).
- A.Yu. Grosberg, A.R. Khokhlov, Statistical theory of polymeric lyotropic liquid crystals. // Adv. Polym. Sci., 41, 53 (1981).
- A.R. Khokhlov, A.N. Semenov, On the theory of liquid-crystalline ordering of polymer chains with limited flexibility. // J. Stat. Phys., 38, 161 (1985).
- A.H. Семенов, A.P. Хохлов, Статистическая физика жидкокристаллических полимеров. // УФН, 156, 427 (1988).
- J.P. Straley, Third virial coefficient for the gas of long rods. // Mol. Cryst. and Liq. Cryst., 24, 7 (1973).
- G. Lasher, Nematic ordering of hard rods derived from a scaled particle treatment. // J. Chem. Phys., 53, 4141 (1970).
- J.D. Parsons, Nematic ordering in a system of rods. // Phys. Rev. A., 19, 1225 (1979).
- R. Alben, Pretransition effects in nematic liquid crystals: model calculations. // Mol. Cryst. and Liq. Cryst., 13, 193 (1971).
- M.A. Cotter, Hard spherocylinders in an anisotropic mean field: A simple model for a nematic liquid crystal. // J. Chem. Phys., 66, 1098 (1977).
- M.A. Cotter, Generalized van der Waals theory of nematic liquid crystals: An alternative formulation. // J. Chem. Phys., 66, 4710 (1977).
- F. Oosawa, Polyelectrolytes (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1971).
- G.S. Manning, The molecular theory of polyelectrolyte solutions with applications to the electrostatic properties of polynucleotides. // Quart. Rev. Biophys., 11, 179 (1978).
- N.V. Brilliantov, D.V. Kuznetsov, R. Klein, Cliain collapse and counterion condensation in dilute polyelectrolyte solutions. // Phys. Rev. Lett., 81, 1433 (1998).
- N. Bjerrum. // Kgl. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. Mat.-fys. Medd., 7, 1 (1926).
- M.E. Fisher, Y. Levin, Criticality in ionic fluids: Debye-Huckel theory, Bjerrum, and beyond. // Phys. Rev. Lett., 71, 3826 (1993).
- A.R. Khokhlov, E.Yu. Kramarenko, Polyelectrolyte/Ionomer behavior in polymer gel collapse. // Macrornol. Theory Simul., 3, 45 (1994).
- I.A. Nyrkova, A.R. Khokhlov, Liquid crystalline ordering in polyelectrolyte solutions, Biophysics USSR, 1986, vol. 31, p. 839.
- A. Stroobants, H.N.W. Lekkerkerker, T. Odijk, Effect of electrostatic interaction on the liquid crystal phase transition in solutions of rodlike polyelectrolytes. // Macromolecules, 19, 2232 (1986).
- T. Sato, A. Teramoto, Perturbation theory of isotropic-liquid-crystal phase equilibria in polyelectrolyte solutions. // Physica A, 176, 72 (1991).
- I.A. Nyrkova, N.P. Shusharina, A.R. Khokhlov, Liquid-crystalline ordering is solutions of polyelectrolytes. // Macrornol. Theory Simul., 6, 965 (1997).
- M. Fixman, J. Skolnick, Polyelectrolyte excluded volume paradox. // Macromolecules, 11, 863 (1978).
- P. van der Schoot, T. Odijk, Structure factor of a semidilute solution of rodlike macromolecules. // Macromolecules, 23, 4181 (1990).
- T. Macda, Structure factor of a solution of charged rodlike macromolecules in the isotropic phase. // Macromolecules, 24, 2740 (1991).
- T. Odijk, Long-range attraction in polyelectrolyte solutions. // Macromolecules, 27, 4998 (1994).
- S. Forster, M. Schmidt, Polyelectrolytes in solution. // Adv. Polym. Sci., 120, 51 (1995).
- T. Liu, R. Rulkens, G. Wegner, B. Chu, Laser light scattering study of a rigid-rod polyelectrolyte. // Macromolecules, 31, 6119 (1998).
- G.A. Carri, M. Muthukumar, Attractive interactions and phase transitions in solutions of similarly charged polyelectrolytes. //J. Chern. Phys., Ill, 1765 (1999).
- J.M. Deutsch, N.D. Goldenfeld, The isotropic-nernatic transition in charged liquid crystals. // J. Phys., 43, 651 (1982).
- S.B. Chen, D.L. Koch, Isotropic-nernatic phase transitions in aqueous solutions of weakly charged, rodlike polyelectrolytes.// J. Chem. Phys., 104, 359 (1997).
- M.D. Frank-Kamenetskii, V.V. Anshelevich, and A.V. Lukashin, Polyelectrolyte model of DNA, Usp. Fiz. Nauk, 1987, vol. 151, p. 595.
- G.A. Carri, M. Muthukumar, Phase transitions in solutions of semiflexible polyelectrolytes. // J. Chem. Phys., 109, 11 117 (1998).
- K. Ghosh, G. A. Carri, M. Muthukumar, Phase transitions in solutions of semiflexible polyelectrolytes. // J. Chem. Phys., 116, 5299 (1998).
- N. Gr0nbech-Jcnsen, R.J. Mashl, R.F. Bruinsma, W.M. Gelbart, Counterion-induced attraction between rigid polyelectrolytes. // Phys. Rev. Lett., 78, 2477 (1998).
- B.-Y. Ha, A.J. Liu, Counterion-mediated attraction between two like-charged rods. // Phys. Rev. Lett., 79, 1289 (1997).
- B.-Y. Ha, D. Thirumalai, Persistent length of intrinsically stiff polyampholite chains. // J. Phys. II France, 7, 887 (1997).
- J.F. Stilck, Y. Levin, J.J. Arenzon, Thermodynamic properties of a simple model of like-charged attracting rods. //J. Stat. Phys., 106, 287 (2002).
- J.J. Arenzon, J.F. Stilck, Y. Levin, Simple model for attraction between like-charged polyions. // Eur. Phys. J. B, 12, 79 (1999).
- J. Gregory, K.C. Holmes, Methods of preparing orientated tobacco mosaic virus sols for X-ray diffraction. //J. Mol. Biol., 13, 796 (1965).
- S.F. Shulz, E.E. Maier, R. Weber, Light scattering studies on solutions of charged rod-like fd-virus at very low ionic strength. // J. Chem. Phys., 90, 7 (1989).
- E.E. Maier, R. Krause, M. Deggelmann, M. Ilagenbiichle, R. Weber, S. Fraden, Liquidlike order of charged rod-like particle solutions. // Macromolecules, 25, 1125 (1992).
- L. Wang, V.A. Bloomfeld, Small-angle X-ray scattering of semidilutc rod-like DNA solutions: Polyelectrolyte behaviour. // Macromolecules, 24, 5791 (1991).
- M. Bockstaller, W. Kohler, G. Wegner, D. Vlassopoulos, G. Fytas, Characterization of association colloids of amphiphilic poly (pphenylene)sulfonates in aqueous solution. // Macromolecules, 34, 6353 (2001).
- M. Bockstaller, W. Kohler, G. Wegner, D. Vlassopoulos, G. Fytas, Levels of structure formation in aqueous solutions of anisotropic association colloids consisting of rodlike polyelectrolytes. // Macromolecules, 34, 6359 (2001).
- Yu.D. Zaroslov, V.l. Gordeliy, A.I. Kuklin, A.H. Islamov, O.E. Philippova, A.R. Khokhlov, G. Wegner, Self-assembly of polyelectrolyte rods in polymer gel and in solution: small-angle neutron scattering study. // Macromolecules, 35, 4466 (2002).
- R. Rulkens, G. Wegner, T. Thurn-Albrecht, Cylindrical micelles of wormlike polyelectrolytes. // Langmuir, 15, 4022 (1999).
- J. Ray, G.S. Manning, Formation of loose clusters in polyelectrolyte solutions. // Macromolecules, 33, 2901 (2000).
- A.R. Khokhlov, On the collapse of weakly charged polyelectrolytes. // J. Phys. A, 13, 979 (1980).
- E. Raphael, J.-F. Joanny, Annealed and quenched polyelectrolytes. // Europhys. Lett, 13, 623 (1990).
- P.G. Higgs, E. Raphael, Conformation changes of a polyelectrolyte chain in a poor solvent. //J. Phys. I, 1, 1 (1991).
- A.V. Dobrynin, M. Rubinstein, S.P. Obukhov, Cascade of transitions of polyelectrolytes in poor solvents. // Macromolecules, 29, 2974 (1996).
- Y. Kantor, M. Kardar, Instabilities of charged polyampholites. // Phys. Rev. E, 51, 1299 (1994).
- V.Yu. Boruc, I.Ya. Erukhimovich, A statistical theory of weakly charged polyelectrolytes: fluctuations, equation of state and lnicrophase separation. // Macromolecules, 21, 3240 (1988).
- J.-F. Joanny, L. Leibler, Weakly charged polyelectrolytes in a poor solvent. 11 J. Phys. (Paris), 51, 545 (1990).
- E.E. Dormidontova, I.Ya. Erukhimovich, A.R. Khokhlov, Microphase separation in poor-solvent polyelectrolyte solutions: phase diagram. // Macromol. Theory Simul., 3, 661 (1994).
- I.A. Nyrkova, A.R. Khokhlov, M. Doi, Microdomain structures in polyelectrolyte systems: calculation of the phase diagrams by direct minimization of the free energy. // Macromolecules, 27, 4220 (1994).
- A.V. Dobrynin, M. Rubinstein, Hydrophobic polyelectrolytes. // Macromolecules, 32, 915 (1999).
- A.V. Dobrynin, M. Rubinstein, Counterion condensation and phase separation in solutions of hydrophobic polyelectrolytes. // Macromolecules, 34, 1964 (2001).
- M. Castelnovo, R Sens and J.-F. Joanny, Charge distribution on annealed polyelectrolytes. // Eur. Phys. J. E, 1, 115 (2000).
- S. Biggs, J. Selb, F. Candau, Copolymers of acrylainide/N-alkylacrylamide in aqueous solution: the effects of hydrolysis on hydrophobic interactions. // Polymer, 34, 580 (1993).
- Y. Chang, C.L. McCormick, Water-soluble copolymers: 57. Amphiphilic cyclocopolymers of diallylalkoxybenzyl-methylammonium chloride and diallyl-dimethylammonium chloride. // Polymer, 35, 3503 (1994).
- G. Bokias, D. Hourdet, I. Iliopoulos, Positively charged amphiphilic polymers based on poly (N-isopropylacrylamide): Phase behavior andshear-induced thickening in aqueous solution. // Macromolecules, 33, 2929 (2000).
- P. Perrin, F. Lafuma, R. Audebert, Emulsions stabilized with hydrophobically modified poly (acrilic acid). // Prog. Colloid Polym. ScL, 105, 228 (1997).
- P. Perrin, F. Lafuma, Low hydrophobically modified poly (acrylic acid) stabilizing macroemulsions: Relationship between copolymer structure and emulsions properties. //J. Colloid Interface Sci., 197, 317 (1998).
- E. Millet, J.J. Benattar, P. Perrin, Vertical free-standing films of amphiphilic associating polyelectrolytes. // Phys. Rev. E, 60, 2045 (1999).
- V.V. Vasilevskaya, I.I. Potemkin, A.R. Khokhlov, Swelling and collapse of physical gels formed by associating telechelic polyelectrolytes. // Langmuir, 15, 7918 (1999).
- I.I. Potemkin, V.V. Vasilevskaya, A.R. Khokhlov, Associating polyelectrolytes: Finite size cluster stabilization versus physical gel formation. //J. Chem. Phys., Ill, 2809 (1999).
- I.I. Potemkin, K.B. Zeldovich, A.R. Khokhlov, Statistical physics of associating polyelectrolyte solutions. // Highmolecular compounds C, 42, 2265 (2000).
- I.I. Potemkin, S.A. Andreenko, A.R. Khokhlov, Associating polyelectrolyte solutions: Normal and anomalous reversible gelation. // J. Chem. Phys, 115, 4862 (2001).
- A.N. Kudlay, I.Ya. Erukhimovich, A.R. Khokhlov, Microphase Separation in Weakly Charged Annealed Gels and Associating Polyelectrolyte Solutions. // Macromolecules, 33, 5644 (2000).
- Lord Rayleigh. // Philos. Mag., 14, 184 (1882).
- C. Marques, J.-F. Joanny, L. Leibler, Adsorbtion of block copolymers in selective solvents. // Macromolecules, 21, 1051 (1988).
- I.M. Lifshitz, A.Yu. Grosberg, A.R. Khokhlov, Some problems of the statistical physics of polymer chains with volume interaction. // Rev. Mod. Phys., 50, 683 (1978).
- L. Zhang, A. Eisenberg, Multiple morphologies and characteristics of «crew-cut» micelle-like aggregates of polystyrene-b-poly (acrylic acid) diblock copolymers in aqueous solutions. //•"/. Am. Chem. Soc., 118, 3168 (1996).
- Y. Yu, A. Eisenberg, Control of morphology through polymer-solvent interactions in crew-cut aggregates of amphiphilic block copolymers. // J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119, 8383 (1997).
- L. Desbaumes, A. Eisenberg, Single-solvent preparation of crewcut aggregates of various morphologies from an amphiphilic diblock copolymer. // Langmuir, 15, 36 (1999).
- A.N. Naimushin, B.S. Fujimoto, M.J. Schurr, Effect of intermolecular electrostatic interactions on the end-over-end rotational dynamics of 200-base-pair DNAs. // Macromolecules, 32, 8210 (1999).
- Л.Д. Ландау, E.M. Лифшиц, Теория поля, ч.1, М.: Наука, 1976.
- Л.Д. Ландау, Е. М. Лифшиц, Электродинамика сплошных сред, М.: Наука, 1976.
- K.B. Zeldovich, E.E. Dormidontova, A.R. Khokhlov and T.A. Vilgis, Microphase separation transition for polyelectrolyte gels in poor solvents. //J. Phys. II France, 7, 627 (1997).
- T. Ohta, K. Kawasaki, Equilibrium morphology of block copolymer melts. // Macromolecules, 19, 2621 (1986).
- C. Esquenet, E. Buhler, Phase behaviour of associating polyelectrolyte polysaccharides. 1. Aggegation process in dilute solution. // Macromolecules, 34, 5287 (2001).
- А Корреляционная свободная энергия
- Тогда выражения под знаком логарифма в формуле (2.11) есть бесконечные произведения интегралов по переменным фк и Квадратичную форму, выражение (А.1), можно диагонализовать, если провести следующую замену переменных: т2Р1к = & + ФкквТтр1 +1. ФкФ-к (1