Многоэлектронные явления в нанокластерах металлов вблизи их перехода в неметаллическое состояние
Диссертация
Явление ОЭТ наблюдается, в нанокластерах металлов, размеры которых составляют всего лишь несколько нанометров. При этом емкость структуры нанокластер/подложка становится достаточно низкой, так что энергия зарядки нанокластера е /2С становится сравнимой с тепловой энергией квТ ~ 26 мэВ (кв — постоянная Больцмана) при комнатной температуре. Это явление (дискретность заряда) проявляется в виде… Читать ещё >
Список литературы
- Bannsman J., Baker S.H., Binns С., Magnetic and structural properties of isolated and assembled clusters // Surf. Sc. Rep. 56,189 (2005).
- Brack M., The physics of simple metal clusters: self-consistent jellium model and semiclassical approaches // Rev. Mod. Phys. 65,677 (1993)
- De Heer W. A., The physics of simple metal clusters: experimental aspects and simple models // Rev. Mod. Phys. 65, 611 (1993).
- Clusters of Atoms and Molecules. (Ed. H. Haberland). Springer-Verlag, Berlin- Heidelberg, 1994.
- Ролдугип В.И. Кваптоворазмерные металлические коллоидные системы // Успехи химии 69, 10, 899 (2000).
- Помогайло А.Д., Розенберг А. С., Уфлянд И. Е., Наночастицы металлов в панокластерах. Химия, Москва, 2000.
- Нагаев Э.Л., Малые металлические частицы // УФН 162, 49 (1992).
- Kaplan D. М., Sverdlov V. A., and Likharev К. К., Coulomb gap, Coulomb blockade, and dynamic activation energy in frustrated single-electron arrays // Phys. Rev. В 68, 45 321- (2003).
- Jing S., Gider S., Magnetic clusters in molecular beams, metals, and semiconductors.// Science 271,937(1996).
- Gatteschi D., Caneschi A., Pardi L., Sessoli R. Large clusters of metal ions: The transition from molecular to bulk magnets. // Science 265, 1054 (1994).
- Chusuei C.C., Lai X., Luo K., Goodman D.W. Modeling heterogeneous catalysts: metal clusters on planar oxide supports // Topics in Catalysis 14, 71 (2001).
- Campbell C.T. Ultrathin metal films and particles on oxide surfaces: structural, electronic ф and chemisorptive properties I I Surf. Sci. Rep. 27, 1 (1997).
- Tae-Hee Lee and Robert M. Dickson, Discrete two-terminal single nanocluster quantum optoelectronic logic operations at room temperature, Proceedings of the National Academyof Sciences of the USA, 100, 3043 (2003).
- Alivisatos A.P., Semiconductor clusters, nanocrystals, and quantum dots.// Science 271, 933 (1996).
- Carroll D.L., M. Wagner, M. R. uhle & D.A. Bonnell, Schottky-barrier formation at nanoscale metal-oxide interfaces // Phys. Rev. В 55, 9792 (1997).
- Lee Т., N.-P. Chen, J. Liu, R.P. Andres, D.B. Janes, E.H. Chen, M.R. Melloch, J.M. Woodall & R. Reifenberger, Ohmic nanocontacts to GaAs using undoped and p-doped layers of low-temperature-grown GaAs // Appl. Phys. Lett. 76,212 (2000).
- Bifone A., Casalis L. and Riva R., Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of palladium clusters supported on graphite // Phys. Rev. В 51,11 043 (1995).
- Shang T.H.P., Kern D.P., Kratschwer A.O. Nanostructure technology// IBM. J. Res. Develop. 32,462(1988).
- Shedd G.M., Russell P.E. The scanning tunnelling microscope as a tool for nanofabrication //Nanotechnology. 1, 67 (1991).
- Schneiker G., Hameroff S., Voelker M., Scanning tunneling engineering // J. of Microsc. 152,585−596(1988).ч 21. Лихарев К. К. О возможности создания аналоговых и цифровых интегральных схемна основе эффекта дискретного одноэлектроиного туннелирования //
- Микроэлектроника 16, вып. З, 195−209 (1987).
- Dorogi M., J. Gomez, R. Oschifin, R.P. Andres & R. Reifenberger, Room-temperature Coulomb blockade from a self-assembled molecular nanostructure // Phys. Rev. B 52, 9071−9077 (1995).
- Park K.-H., Shin M., Ha J.S., Yun W.S. & Ko Y.-J., Fabrication of lateral single-electron tunneling structures by field-induced manipulation of Ag nanoclusters on a silicon surface //Appl. Phys. Lett. 75,139−141 (1999).
- Jiang C.-S., Nakayama T. & Aono M., Spatially resolved observation of Coulomb blockade and negative differential conductance on a Ag cluster on the clean GaAs (llO) surface//Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1716−1718 (1999).
- Hasegawa H., Sato T. & Kaneshiro C., Properties of nanometer-sized metal-semiconductor interfaces of GaAs and InP formed by an in situ electrochemical process // J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 17,1856−1866 (1999).
- Gheber L.A., Gorodetsky G. & Volterra V., Studies of submicron gold islands on silicon by STM // Thin Solid Films 238, 1−3 (1994).
- Sato T., Kaneshiro C., Okada H. & Hasegawa H., Formation of size and position controlled nanometer size Pt dots on GaAs and InP subsrates by pulsed electrochemical deposition // Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 38, 2448 (1999).
- Mason M.G. Electronic structure of supported small metal clusters // Phys. Rev. B 27, 748 (1983).
- Citrin P.H., Wertheim G.K. Photoemission from surface-atom core levels, surface densities of states, and metal-atom clusters: A unified picture // Phys. Rev. B 27, 3176 (1983).
- Wertheim G.K. Auger shifts in metal clusters // Phys. Rev. B 36, 9559 (1987).
- Maeda Y., Okumura M., Tsubota S., Kohyama M., Haruta M., Local barrier height of Au nanoparticles on a Ti02(l 10)-(1×2) surface // Appl. Surf. Sc. 222, 409 (2004).
- Meiwes-Broer K.-H., in Metal clusters at surfaces, edited by K.-H. Meiwes-Broer (Springer-Verlag, Berlin), 2000.
- Garcia M.E., Pastor G.M., Bennemann K.H. Theory for the change of the bond character in divalent-metal clusters // Phys. Rev. B 67, 1142 (1991).
- Haberland H., von Issendorff B., Yufeng J., Kolar T. Transition to plasmonlike absorption in small Hg clusters // Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3212 (1992).
- First P.N., J.A. Stroscio, R.A. Dragoset, D.T. Pierce & R.J. Celotta, Metallicity and gap states in tunneling to Fe clusters on GaAs (l 10) // Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 1416−1419 (1989).
- Chusuei C.C., Lai X., Luo K., Goodman D.W. Modeling heterogeneous catalysts: metal clusters on planar oxide supports //Topics in Catalysis 14, 71 (2001).
- Xu C., Lai X., Zajac G.W., Goodman D.W. Scanning tunneling microscopy studies of the ТЮг (ПО) surface: structure and te nucleation growth on Pd // Phys. Rev. В 56, 13 464 (1997).
- Lai X., Clair T.P.St., Valden M., Goodman D.W. Scanning tunneling microscopy studies of metal clusters supported on Ti02(110): morphology and electronic structure // Prog. Surf. Sci. 59,25 (1998).
- Citrin P.H., Wertheim G.K. and Shluter Y., One-electron and many-body effects in x-ray absorption and emission edges of Li, Na, Mg and A1 metals // Phys. Rev. В 20, 3067 (1979).
- Wertheim G.K., Riffe D.M. and Citrin P.H., Bulk and surface singularity indices in the alkali metals // Phys. Rev. В 45, 8703 (1992).
- Cheung T.T. P., Lineshape studies of the x-ray photoemission of small metal clusters // Surf. Sc. 127, LI29 (1983).
- Fritsch A. and Legare P., Metal vapor deposition on carbon- an XPS study of Pd and Au cluster growth // Surf. Sc. 162, 742 (1985).
- Binns C., Nanoclusters deposited on surfaces // Surf. Sc. Rep. 44, 1 (2001).
- Nevolin V.N., Zenkevich A.V., Lai X.C., Pushkin M.A., Tronin V.N., Troyan V.I. The electronic states of copper clusters pulsed laser deposited on various substrates // Laser Physics 11,45 (2001).
- Демиховский В.Я., Вугальтер Г. А., Физика квантовых низкоразмерпых структур, М.: и Логос, 2000.
- Anderson P. W., Infrared catastrophe in fermi gases with local scattering potentials // Phys.• Rev. Lett. 18, 1049 (1967).
- Mahan G.D., Excitons in Metals: Infinite Hole Mass // Phys. Rev.163, 612 (1967).
- Nozieres P., De Dominicis C.T. Singularities in X-ray absorption and emission of metals. III. One-body theory exact solution // Phys. Rev. 178, 1097(1969).
- Langreth D.C., Singularities in the x-ray spectra of metals // Phys. Rev. B 1,471 (1970).
- Hopfield J. J., Infrared divergences, X-ray edges and all that // Comments Solid State Phys. 2,2(1969).
- Doniach S., Sunjic M., Many electron singularity in X-ray photoemission and X-ray line spectra from metals // J. Phys. C 3,285 (1970).
- Alfred L.C.R. and Van Ostenburg D.O., New scheme for the construction of phase shifts with application on nuclear magnetic resonance, Phys. Rev.161, 569 (1967).
- Fridel J., Comments Solid State Phys. 2,21 (1969).
- Minnhagen P., Exact numerical solutions of a Nozieres-De Dominicis-type model problem //Phys. Lett. 56 A, 327(1976).
- Shung K. and Langreth D.C., Dynamical KLL Auger process in simple metals and their plasmon gain satellites // Phys. Rev. B 28,4976 (1983).
- Ascarelli P., A simple model for the quantitative evaluation of the XPS line shape asymmetries in nearly free electron and noble metals // Sol.St.Comm. 21,205 (1977).
- Kato M., Singularity index of the core-level x-ray photoemission spectrum from surface atoms // Phys. Rev. B 38,10 915 (1988).
- Citrin P.H. High-resolution x-ray photoemission from sodium metal and its hydroxide // Phys.Rev. B 8, 5545 (1973).
- Hufner S., Wertheim G.K., Buchanan D.N.E., West K.W., Core line asymmetries in XPS-spectra of metals // Phys. Lett. 46 A, 420 (1974).
- Wertheim G.K., Citrin P.H., Photoemission in solids // Topics in Applied Physics, edited by Cordona M. and L. Ley (Springer, Heidelberg, Berlin) 26, 197 (1978).
- Hufner S., Wertheim G.K., Core line asymmetries in the x-ray photoelectron spectra of metals // Phys. Rev. B 11,678 (1975)
- Hufner S., Wertheim G.K., X-ray photoemission spectra of metals // Phys. Lett. 51. A, 301 (1975).
- Wertheim G.K., Hufner S., Many-body line shape in x-ray photoemission from metals // Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 53 (1975).
- Hufner S., Wertheim G.K., Wernick J.H., XPS core line asymmetries in metals // Sol. Stat. Comm. 17,417(1975).
- Kotani A. and Toyozawa Y., Optical Spectra of Core Electrons in Metals with an Incomplete Shell. I. Analytic Features // J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 35, 1073 (1973).
- Hufner S., Wertheim G.K., Core line asymmetries in the x-ray photoelectron spectra of metals: a comment //Phys. Rev. B 11, 5197 (1975).
- Janak J. F., Uniform susceptibilities of metallic elements // Phys. Rev. B 16, 255 (1977).
- Estermann I., Friedberg S. A., and Goldman J. E., The Specific Heats of Several Metals between 1.8° and 4.2°K// Phys. Rev. 87, 582 (1952).
- Daunt J. G. and Heer C. V., Some Properties of Superconductors below 1°K. II. Aluminum and Zinc // Phys. Rev. 76,1324 (1949).
- Pessa V. M., Influence of many-body effects and intra-atomic exchange interactions on the shape of x-ray emission and photoemission lines of 3 d metals // Phys. Rev. B 15, 1223 (1977).
- Cheng C. H., Wei C. T., and Beck P. A., Low-Temperature Specific Heat of Body-Centered Cubic Alloys of 3d Transition Elements // Phys. Rev. 120,426 (1960).
- Hodges L., Ehrenreich H., and Lang N.D., Interpolation Scheme for Band Structure of Noble and Transition Metals: Ferromagnetism and Neutron Diffraction in Ni // Phys. Rev. 152, 505 (1966).
- Smith T.S. and Daunt J.G., Some Properties of Superconductors below 1°K. III. Zr, Hf, Cd, and Ti // Phys. Rev. 88,1172 (1952).
- Wexler A. and Corak W.S. Superconductivity of Vanadium // Phys. Rev. 85, 85 (1952).
- Manning M.F., Chodorow M.I., Electronic Energy Bands in Metallic Tungsten // Phys. Rev. 56,787(1939).
- Smith N.V., Wertheim G. K., Hufner S., et al Photoemission spectra and band structures of d-band metals. IV. X-ray photoemission spectra and densities of states in Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, and Au // Phys. Rev. B 10, 3197 (1974).
- Citrin P.H., Wertheim G.K., Baer Y. Core-Level Binding Energy and Density of States from the Surface Atoms of Gold // Phys. Rev. Lett. 41,1425 (1977).
- Spanjaard D., Guillot C., Desjonquieres M-C., Surface core level spectroscopy of transition metals: A new tool for the determination of their surface structure // Surf. Sei. Rep. 5, 1 (1985).
- Riffe D.M., Wertheim G.K., Citrin P.H., Enhanced vibrational broadening of core-level photoemission from the surface of Na (l 10) // Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 116 (1991).
- Wertheim G.K., Buchanan D.N.E., and Rowe J.E., Bulk and surface properties of Rb metal // Solid State Commun. 77, 903 (1991).
- Riffe D.M., Wertheim G.K., Citrin P.H., Different core-hole lifetime and screening in the surface of W (110) //Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 1976 (1989).
- Wertheim G.К., Riffe D.M., and Citrin P.H., Bulk and surface singularity indices in the alkali metals // Phys. Rev. В 45, 8703 (1992).
- Mason M.G., Gerenser L.J., and Lee S.T., Electronic Structure of Catalytic Metal Clusters Studied by X-Ray Photoemission Spectroscopy // Phys. Rev. Lett. 39, 288 (1977).
- Messmer R.P., Knudson S.K., Johnson K.H. et al Molecular-orbital studies of transition-and noble-metal clusters by the self-consistent-field-Xa scattered-wave method // Phys. Rev. В 13, 1396(1976).
- Борман В.Д., Борисюк П. В., Лебидько В. В., Пушкин М. А., Тронин В. Н., Троян В. И., Антонов Д. А., Филатов Д. О., Исследование многочастичных явлений в нанокластерах металлов (Au и Си) вблизи их перехода в неметаллическое состояние //ЖЭТФ 129,1 (2006).
- Cini M., and Ascarelli P., J. Phys. F: Metal Phys. 4,1998 (1974).
- Fritsch A. and Legare P., XPS study of small iridium clusters- comparison with the Ir4(CO)i2 molecule // Surf. Sci. 145, L517 (1984).
- Fritsch A. and Legare P., Metal vapor deposition on carbon- an XPS study of Pd and Au cluster growth // Surf. Sci. 162, 742 (1985).
- Baumer M., Freund H.-J. Metal deposits on well-orderd oxide films // Progress in Surf. Sci. 61, 127(1999).
- Cryot-Lackmann F. Sur le calcul de la cohesion et de la tension superficielle des metaux de transition par une methode de liaisons fortes // J. Phys. Chem. Solids 29, 1235 (1968).
- Spanjaard D., Guillot C., Desjonqueres M.-C., Treglia G. Surface core spectroscopy of transition metals: a new tool for the determination of their surface structure // Surf. Sci. Rep. 5, 1 (1985).
- Citrin P.H., Wertheim G.K., Bayer Y. Core-level binding energy and density of states from the surface atoms of gold // Phys.Rev.Lett. 41,1425 (1978).
- Mehta M., Fadley C.S. Surface d-band narrowing in copper from angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectra//Phys. Rev. Lett. 39, 1569 (1977).
- Jirka I. An ESCA study of copper clusters on carbon // Surf. Sci. 232, 307 (1990).
- Wu Y., Garfunkel E., Madey Т.Е. Initial stages of Cu growth on ordered A1203 ultrathin films //J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 14, 1662 (1996).
- Steiner P., Hiifer S., Core level binding energy shifts in Ni on Au and Au on Ni overlayers, Solid State Communications 37, 279 (1981).
- Kohiki S., Ikeda S. Photoemission from small palladium clusters supported on various substrates // Phys. Rev. В 34, 3786 (1986).
- Wertheim G.K., DiCenzo S.B., Buchanan D.N.E. Noble- and transition-metal clusters: The d bands of silver and palladium // Phys. Rev. В 33, 5384 (1986).
- Hovel H., Grimm В., Bodecker M., Fieger К., Reihl В. Tunneling spectroscopy on silver clusters at T=5 K: size dependence and spatial energy shifts // Surf. Sei. 463, L603 (2000).
- Лай С. Особенности электронных состояний металлических нанокластеров на различных подложках при импульсном лазерном осаждении / Автореферат диссертации на соискание ученой степени кандидата физ.-мат. паук. М.: МИФИ, 2000.
- Yang D.-Q., Sacher Е., Initial- and final-state effects on metal clustersubstrate interactions, as determined by XPS copper clusters on Dow Cyclotene and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite //Appl. Surf. Sei. 195, 187 (2002).
- Zafeiratos S., Kennou S. A study of gold ultrathin film growth on yttria-stabilized Zr02 (100) // Surf. Sei. 443,238 (1999).
- Ohgi Т., Fujita D. Consistent size dependency of core-level binding energy shifts and single-electron tunneling effects in supported gold nanoclusters // Phys. Rev. В 66, 115 410−1 (2002).
- Wertheim G.K. and DiCenzo S.B., Cluster growth and core-electron binding energies in supported metal clusters // Phys. Rev. В 37, 844 (1988).
- DiCenzo S. В., Berry S. D., and Hartford E. H., Photoelectron spectroscopy of single-size Au clusters collected on a substrate // Phys. Rev. В 38, 12, 8465 (1988).
- Zhao J., Chen X., and Wang G., Critical size for a metal-nonmetal transition in transition-metal clustersPhys. Rev. В 50,15 424 (1994).
- Wang J., Wang G., and Zhao J., Nonmetal-metal transition in Zn" (n = 2−20) clustersPhys. Rev. A 68, 13 201 (2003).
- Kreibig U., The transition cluster-solid state in small gold particles // Sol. St. Commun. 28, 767(1978).
- Knight W.D., Clemenger K., de Heer W.A., Saunders W.A. Polarizability of alkali clusters //Phys. Rev. В 31, 2539 (1985).
- Lubcke M., Sonntag В., Niemann W., Rabe P. Size-dependent valence change in small Pr, Nd, and Sm clusters isolated in solid Ar// Phys. Rev. В 34, 5184 (1986).
- Stietz F., Trager F., Surface plasmons in nanoclusters elementaryelectronic excitations and their applications, Philos. Mag. В 79,1281 (1999).
- Rademann К., Keiser В., Even U., Hensel F. Size dependence of the gradual transition to metallic properties in isolated mercury clusters // Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2319 (1987).
- Wertheim G.K., Core electron binding energies in free and supported metal clusters, Z. Phys. D 12,319(1989).
- Brechignac C., Broyer M., Cahuzac Ph., Delacretaz G., Labastie P., Wolf J.P., Woste L. Probing the Transition from van der Waals to Metallic Mercury Clusters // Phys. Rev. Lett. 66,275 (1988).
- Apai G., Lee S.-T., Mason M.G., Valence band formation of small metall silver clusters // Sol. St. Commun. 37,213 (1981).
- Vijayakrishnan V., Cbainani A., Sarma D. D., and Rao C. N. R., Metal-Insulator Transitions In Metal Clusters: A High-Energy Spectroscopy Study of Pd and Ag Clusters J. Phys. Chem. 96, 8679 (1992).
- Boyen H.-G., X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study on gold nanoparticles supported on diamond // Phys. Rev. B 65, 75 414 (2002).
- Roulet H. Size dependence of the valence bands in gold clusters // J.Phys. F: Metal phys. 10, 1025 (1980).
- Boyen H.-G., Ethirajan A., Kastle G., Weigl F., and Ziemann P. Alloy Formation of Supported Gold Nanoparticles at Their Transition from Clusters to Solids: Does Size Matter? // Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 16 804 (2005).
- Egelhoff W.F., Tibbetts Jr. and G.G., A photoelectron study of palladium, nickel, and copper clusters on carbon surfaces // Sol. St. Commun. 29, 53 (1979).
- Cha Chia-Yen, Gantefur G., and Eberhardt W., Photoelectron spectroscopy of Cun-clusters: Comparison with jellium model predictions // J. Chem. Phys. 99, 6308 (1993).
- Dalacu D., Klemberg-Sapieha J.E., Martinu L, Substrate and morphology effects on photoemission fromcore-levels in gold clusters // Surface Science 472, 33 (2001).
- Valden M., Lai X., Goodman D.W. Onset on catalytic activity of gold clusters on titania with the appearance of nonmetallic properties // Science 281,1647 (1998).
- Suzuki M., Fukuda T. Scanning-tunneling-microscopy observation of aluminium on GaAs (l 10) surfaces // Phys. Rev. B 44, 3187 (1991).
- Bettac A., Koller L., Rank V., Meiwes-Broer K.H. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy on deposited platinum clusters // Surf. Sei. 402, 475 (1998).
- Nilius N., Ernst N., Freund H.-J. Photon Emission Spectroscopy of Individual Oxide-Supported Silver Clusters in a Scanning Tunneling Microscope // Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3994 (2000).
- Hemantkumar N. Aiyer, Vijayakrishnan V., Subbanna G. N., and Rao C. N. R., Investigations of Pd clusters by the combined use of HREM, STM, high-energy spectroscopies and tunneling condactance measurements Surf. Sc. 313, 392 (1994).
- Vinod G.U., Kulkarni C.P., Rao C. N. R., Size-dependent changes in the electronic structure of metal clusters as investigating by scanning tunneling spectroscopy // Chem. Phys. Lett. 279, 329 (1998).
- Hovel H., Clusters on surfaces: high-resolution spectroscopy at low temperatures // Appl. Phys. A 72, 295 (2001).
- Gu X., Ji M., Wei S. H., and Gong X. G., AuN clusters (N=32, 33, 34, 35): Cagelike structures of pure metal atoms // Phys. Rev. В 70, 205 401 (2004).
- Kools J.C.S. Pulsed Laser Deposition of Metals in: Chirsley, Hubler (Eds), Pulsed Laser Deposition of Thin Films, Whiley, New York, 1994.
- Willmott P.R., Huber J.R. Pulsed Laser Vaporization and Deposition // Rev. Mod. Phys. 72,315(2000).
- Зенкевич. A.B. Особенности структуро- и фазообразования в лазерно-осажденных слоях силицидов металлов. Диссертация на соискание ученой степени к. ф.-м. н. -М.: МИФИ, 1997.
- Эдельман B.C. // Приборы и техника эксперимента, 1989, 5, с. 25−49.
- Kubby J.A., Boland J.J. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Semiconductor Surfaces // Surf. Sci. Rep. 26,61 (1996).
- Трояновский A.M., Эдельман B.C., Хайкин. M.C. Сканирующая туннельная микроскопия многослойной полупроводниковой структуры. // Письма в ЖТФ 13, 1359(1987).
- Зигбан К. Электронная спектроскопия атомов, молекул и конденсированног вещества // УФН 138,223 (1982).
- Нефедов В.И. Рентгеноэлектронная спектроскопия химических соединений. М.: Химия, 1984.
- Бриггс Д., Сих М.П. Анализ поверхности методами Оже- и фотоэлектронной спектроскопии. М.: Мир, 1987.
- Немошкаленко В.В., Алешин В. Г. Электронная спектроскопия кристаллов. Киев: Наукова думка, 1976.
- Вудраф Д., Делчер Т. Современные методы исследования поверхности. М.: Мир, 1989.
- Wertheim G.K. Core-electron binding energies in free and supported metal clusters // Z. Phys. В 66, 53 (1987).
- Interaction of charged particles with solids and surfaces, ed. by A. Gras-Marti, H. M. Urbassek, Arista N.R. and Flores F., Plenum press, New York and London (1991).
- Tanuma S., Powell C.J., Penn D.R. Calculations of electron Inelastic Mean Free Paths: Data for 15 Inorganic compounds over the 50−2000 eV range // Surf.& Interface. Anal. 17, 927-(1991).
- Souda R., Yamamoto K., Hayami W., Aizawa Т., and Ishizawa Y., Low-energy H+, He+, N+, 0+, and Ne+ scattering from metal and ionic-compound surfaces: Neutralization and electronic excitation // Phys. Rev. В 51, 4463 (1995).
- Zinke-Allmang M. Phase separation on solid surfaces: nucleation, coarsening and coalescence kinetics // Thin Solid Films 346,1 (1999).
- Rainer D. R. and Goodman D. W., Metal clusters on ultrathin oxide films: model catalysts for surface science studies // J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 131,259 (1998).
- Пушкин M.A. Фрактальная структура и электронные свойства нанокластеров металла, сформированных при высоких скоростях осаждения // Автореферат диссертации на соискание ученой степени кандидата физ.-мат. наук. М.: МИФИ, 2003.
- Francis G.M., Kuipers L., Cleaver J.R.A., Palmer R.E., Diffusion controlled growth of metallic nanoclusters at selected surface sites. // J.Appl. Phys. 79,2942, (1996).
- Борман В.Д., Зенкевич А. В., Пушкин М. А., Тронин В. Н., Троян В. И. Наблюдение фрактальных нанокластеров при импульсном лазерном осаждении золота // Письма в ЖЭТФ73, 684 (2001).
- Endo Т., Sumomogi Т., Maeta Н., Ohara S., Fujita Н. STM study on nanostructures of au and A1 deposits on HOPG and amorphous carbon // Materials Transactions, JIM 40, 903 (1999).
- Williams A. R. and Lang N. D., Core-Level Binding-Energy Shifts in Metals // Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 954(1978).
- Gronbeck H. and Broqvist P., Comparison of the bonding in Aug and Cug: A density functional theory study // Phys. Rev. В 71, 73 408 (2005).
- Н.Ашкрофт, Н. Мермии, Физика твёрдого тела, т.1, М: Мир, 1979.
- Д. Займан, Принципы теории твёрдого тела, М: Мир, 1974.
- Ascarelli P., Cini М., Missoni G., Nistico N., XPS line broadening in small metal particles J. Physique Colloq., 38, C22−125 (1977).
- Stern E.A., Electronic Properties of Alloys // Phys. Rev. 188,1163 (1969).
- Lee S.-T., Apai G., Mason M. G., Benbow R., Hurych Z., Evolution of band structure in gold clusters as studied by photoemission // Phys. Rev. В 23, 505 (1981).
- Ahuja R, Auluck S., Eriksson O. and Johansson B. Calculated electronic and optical properties of a graphite intercalation compound: ЫСб // J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 9, 9845 (1997).
- Batallan F. and Rosenman I. Band structure and Fermi surface of hep ferromagnetic cobalt //Phys. Rev. В 11,545 (1975).
- Wang C. S. and Callaway J. Band structure of nickel: Spin-orbit coupling, the Fermi surface, and the optical conductivity // Phys. Rev. B9,4897 (1974).
- Koelling D. D., Mueller F. M., Arko A. J. and Ketterson J. B. Fermi surface and electronic density of states of molybdenum // Phys. Rev. В 10,4889 (1974).
- Worley R. D., Zemansky M. W., and Boorse H. A. Heat Capacities of Vanadium and Tantalum in the Normal and Superconducting Phases // Phys. Rev. 99,447 (1955).
- Sette F., Wertheim G. K., Ma Y., and Meigs G. Lifetime and screening of the С Is photoemission in graphite // Phys. Rev. В 41, 9766 (1990).
- Wertheim G. K., Riffe D. M. Evidence for crystal-field splitting in surface-atom photoemission from potassium // Phys. Rev. В 52,14 906 (1995).
- Wertheim G. K. and Buchanan D. N. E. Core-electron line shapes in x-ray photoemission spectra from semimetals and semiconductors // Phys. Rev. В 16,2613 (1977).
- Wertheim G. K. Shape of core-electron photoemission spectra from metals // Phys. Rev. В 25, 1987 (1982).
- Wertheim G. K. and Citrin P. H. Line shapes in surface-atom core-level photoemission from Ta (l 11), W (111), and W (100) // Phys. Rev. В 30,4343 (1984).
- Тейлор Дж., Теория рассеяния, Мир, Москва, 1975
- Марч Н., Паринелло М., Коллективные эффекты в твёрдых телах, М: Мир, 1986.6. Благодарность.