Процессы переноса заряда в пленках электроактивных полимеров
Диссертация
Результаты проведенного анализа экспериментальных данных свидетельствуют о том, что модель однородной пленки формально может объяснить основные наблюдаемые закономерности: возникновение на импедансных спектрах участков диффузионного импеданса, емкостной отклик пленки и т. д. Экспериментально определяемые низкочастотные емкости пленки и эффективные коэффициенты диффузии в зависимости от потенциала… Читать ещё >
Список литературы
- Shirakawa Н., Louis E.J., MacDiarmid A., Chiang С.К., Heeger A.J. Synthesis of electrically conducting organic polymers: halogen derivatives of polyacetylene, (CH)x. // J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1977. V. 285. P. 578−580.
- Murray R. W. Chemically Modified Electrodes. // Electroanalytical Chemistry (Ed. A.J.Bard) V.13, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 1984. pp. 20−201.
- Abruna H.D. Coordination Chemistry in Two Dimensions: Chemically Modified Electrodes. // Coord. Chem. Rev. 1988. V. 86. P. 135−89.
- Itaya K., Uchida I., Nejf V.D. Electrochemistry о f polynuclear transition metal cyanides: Prussian Blue and its analogues. // Acc. Chem. Res. 1986. V. 19. P. 162 171.
- Tourillon G. Polythiophene and it derivatives. // Handbook of Conducting Polymers / Ed. Skotheim T.A. N.Y.: Marcel Dekker, 1986. P. 293−350.
- Schopf G., Kofimehl G. II Polythiophenes Electrically Conductive Polymers. Berlin: Springer, 1995. 237 P.
- Handbook of Conducting Polymers. 2nded. / Eds. Skotheim T.A., Elsebaumer R.L., Reynolds J.R. N.Y.: Marcel Dekker, 1997. 1075 P.
- Inzelt G., Pineri M., Schultze J.W., Vorotyntsev M.A. Electron and proton conducting polymers: recent developments and prospects. // Electrochim. Acta. 2000. V. 45. P. 2403−2421.
- Levi M.D., Cohen Y.S., Y. Gofer, Aurbach D. Electrochemical responses of active metal insertion electrodes and electronically conducting polymers: common features and new insights. // Electrochem. Acta, 2004, V.49, P.2236−2242.
- Gabrielli С., Takenouti H, Haas О., Tsukada A. The theory of ac and EHD impedances for a mediated reaction on a redox polymer modified electrode // J. Electroanal. Chem. 1991. V. 302. P. 59−89.
- Mathias M.F., Haas O. An Alternating Current Impedance Model Including Migration and Redox Site Interactions at Polymer-Modified Electrodes. // J. Phys. Chem. 1992. V. 96. P. 3174−3182.
- Deslouis C., Musiani MM., Tribollet В J Impedance Analysis of Conducting Polymer Films.//J. Electroanal. Chem., 1989, 264, V. 37, P.264−275.
- Vorotyntsev M.A., Daikhin L.I., Levi M.D. Modelling the impedance properties of electrodes coated with electroactive polymer films. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 1994. V. 364. P. 37−49.
- Vorotyntsev M.A. Impedance of Thin Films with Two Mobile Charge Carriers. Interfacial Exchange of Both Species with Adjacent Media. Effect of the Double Layer Charges. // Electrochim. Acta. 2002. V. 47. P. 2071−2079.
- Vorotyntsev M. A., Badiali J.-P., Inzelt G. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of thin films with two mobile charge carriers: effects of the interfacial charging // J. Electoanal. Chem. 1999 V. 472, P. 7−19
- Vorotyntsev M.A., Badiali J.P., Viel E. Multi-component diffusion approach to transport across electroactive-polymer films with two mobile charge carriers. // Electrochim. Acta. 1996. V. 41, P. 1375−1381.
- Vorotyntsev M.A., Deslouis C., Musiani M.M., Tribollet В., Aokia K. Transport across an electroactive polymer film in contact with media allowing both ionic and electronic interfacial exchange // Electrochim. Acta 1999, V. 44, P. 2105−2115.
- Малев В.В., Рубашкин А. А., Воротынцев М. А. Равновесные свойства системы: электрод, модифицированный электроактивной полимерной пленкой / раствор электролита. // Электрохимия. 1997. Т. 33. № 8. с. 945 955.
- Albery W.J., Elliott CM, Mount A.R. A Transmission Line Model for Modified Electrodes and Thin Layer Cells. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 1990. V. 288. P. 1534.
- Albery W.J., Mount A.R. Application of a Transmission Line Model to Impedance Studies on a Poly (vinylferrocene)-modified Electrode. // J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1993. V. 89. P. 327−331.
- Albery W. J., Mount A. R. A further development of the use of transmission lines to describe the movement of charge in conducting polymers. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 1995. V. 388. P. 1−9.
- Albery W.J., Mount A.R. Dual Transmission Line with Charge-Transfer Resistance for Conducting Polymers. // J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1994. V. 90. No. 8. P. 1115−1119.
- Ren X., Pickup P.G. Ion transport in polypyrrole and a polypyrrole/polyanion composite. // J. Phys. Chem. 1993. V. 97. P. 5356−5362.
- Ren X., Pickup P.G. An impedance study of electron transport and electron transfer in composite polypyrrole + polystyrenesulphonate films // J. Electroanal. Chem. 1997, V.420,P.251−256.
- Ren X., Pickup P.G. Simulation and analysis of impedance behaviour of electroactive layers with non-uniform conductivity and capacitance profiles. // Electrochimica Acta 2001, V.46, P.4177−4183.
- Paasch G., Micka K., Gersdorf P. Theory of the electrochemical impedance of macrohomogenous porous electrodes. //Electrochimica Acta, 1993, V.38, P.2653−2662.
- Paasch G., Micka K., Schwarzenberg M., JobstK., Schawchenko L. Electrochemical Impedance of porous electrodes. // Electrochimica Acta, 1992, V.37, P.2453−2458.
- Paasch G. The transmission line equivalent circuit model in solid-state electrochemistry.//Electrochem.Comm. 2000, V.2, P. 371−378.
- Romberg K., Paasch G., Dunsch L., Ludwig S. The influence of porosity and the nature of the charge storage capacitance on the impedance of electropolymerized polyaniline films. // J. Electroanal. Chem., 1998 V. 443 P. 49−62
- Laviron E. A Multilayer model of the study of space distributed redox-modified eletrodes. 11 J.Electroanal.Chem. 1980, V. l 12, P. 1−18
- Laviron E., Saveant J.-M., Electron transfer through redox polymer films. // J.Electroanal.Chem. 1980, V. l 11, P. 377−406.
- Saveant J.-M., Electron hopping between fixed sites. Diffusion and migration of counter ions in redox mambranes at stady state // J.Electroanal.Chem. 1988, V.242, P. 1−12.
- BuckR.P. Coupled electron-anion hopping displaycement in plane sheet fixed-site polymer membrane. // J.Electroanal.Chem. 1989, V.258, P. l
- Buck R.P. General votage step responses and impedances of mixed conductor films and diodes: metal-contact cell with mobile anions or cathions. // J.Phys.Chem. 1989, V.93, P.6212−6220.
- Chidsey C.E.D., Murray R.W. Redox Capacity and Direct Current Electron Conductivity in Electroactive Materials. // J. Phys. Chem. 1986. V. 90. No. 7. P. 1479−1484.
- Bard A.J., FaulknerR. Electrochemical Methods. John Wiley& Sons Inc., N.Y. 1980. 385 P.
- Kochowski S., Nitsch K. Description of the frequency behaviour of metal-Si02-GaAs structure characteristics by electrical equivalent circuit with constant phase element // Thin Solid Films, 2002, V. 415, P. 133−137
- Scrosati B. Polymer Electrodes. // Bruce P. G. (Ed.). Solid State Electrochemistry. Cambridge University Press. 1995. Chapter 9.
- Hurt R. L., Macdonald J. R. Distributed Circuit Elements in Impedance Spectroscopy: a Unified Treatment of Conductive and Dielectric Systems // Solid State Ionics 1986 V. 20 P. 111−124
- Ho C., Rastrick I.D., Higgins R.A. Application of A-C- techniques to the study of lithium diffusion in tugsten trioxide thin films. //J.Electrochem.Soc., 1980. V.370.P.95−102.
- Richpon J., Gottesfeld S. //Resolution of fast and slow charging processes in ruthenium oxide films.//J.Electrochem.Soc. 1984. V.131, P.1960−1968.
- Franceschetti D.R., Macdonald J.R. // Small-signal a-c response theory for electrochromic thin films. // J.Electrochem.Soc. 1982.V.129. P.1754−1756.
- Hasbach A., Retter U., Siegler K., Kautek W. On the impedance of porous electrodes double-layer charging and charge transfer on an inhomogeneous inside electrode surface //J. Electoanal. Chem. 2004 V. 561 P. 29−35
- Hitz C., Lasia A. Experimental study and modeling of impedance of the her on porous Ni electrodes // J. Electoanal. Chem. 2001, V. 500, P. 213−222
- Luka.es Z. Evaluation of model and dispersion parameters and their effects on the formation of constant-phase elements in equivalent circuits // J. Electoanal. Chem., 1999, V. 464, P. 68−75
- Lang G., Inzelt G. An advanced model of the impedance of polymer film electrodes, // Electrochim. Acta 1999, V. 44, P. 2037−2051
- O.Levin, V. Kondratiev, V.Malev. Charge transfer processes at poly-o-phenylenediamine and poly-o-aminophenol films // Electrochimica Acta, 2005. V.50, P. 1573−1585.
- Тананаев И.В., Сейфер Г. Б., Харитонов Ю. Я., Кузнецов В. Г., Корольков А. П. Химия ферроцианидов.М.Наука, 1971, 320 С.
- Sharpe A.G. The Chemistry of Cyanide Complexes of Transition Metals, London, 1976.
- Robin M., Day P. Mixed valence chemistry : — A survey and classification // Adv.Inorg.Chem.Radiochem. 1967.V.10. P.247−422.
- Ellis D., Eckhoff M., Neff V.D. Electrochromism in the Mixed-Valence Hexacyanides. 1. Voltammetric and Spectral Studies of the Oxidation and Reduction of Thin Films of Prussian Blue. // J. Phys. Chem. 1981. V. 85. No. 9. P. 1225−1231.
- Neff V.D. Electrochemical Oxidation and Reduction of Thin Films of Prussian Blue. //J. Electrochem. Soc. 1978. V. 125. No. 6. P. 886−889.
- Rajan K.P., Neff V.D. Electrochromism in Mixed-valence cyanides: Kinetics of the reduction of ruthenium purple and Prussian blue.// J. Phys. Chem. 1982. V. 86. P. 4361−4368.
- Keggin J.F., Miles F.D. Structures and Formulas of the Prussian Blues and Related Complexes. //Nature. 1936. V. 137. P. 577−582.
- Buser H.J., Schwarzenbach D., Petter W., Ludi A. The Crystal Structure of Prussian Blue: Fe4Fe (CN)6.3-xH20. // Inorg. Chem. 1977. V. 16. No. 11. P. 2704−2710.
- Christensen P.A., HamnettA., Higgins S.J. A Study of Electrochemically Grown Prussian Blue Using Fourier- Transform Infra -Red Spectroscopy. // J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1990. P. 2233−2238.
- Hamnett A., Christensen P.A., Higgins S.J. Analysis of Electrogenerated Films by Ellipsometry and Infrared Spectrometry. // Analyst. 1994. V. 119. No. 5. P. 735−747.
- Itaya K., Uchida I., Toshima S. Mediated electron transfer reactions between redox centers in Prussian blue and reactants in solution // J. Phys. Chem. 1983.1. V. 87. P. 105−110.
- Mortimer R.J., Rosseinsky D.R. Ellipsometry and IR-spectroscopy of Prussian Blue Films// J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1984. P. 2059−2066.
- Pickup P.G., Kutner W., Leidner C.R., Murray R. W. Redox conduction in single and bilayer films of redox polymer // J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1984. V. 106. P. 1991−1998.
- Cowen S., Sambles J.R., Glide A. A study of thin films of Prussian Blue on gold electrodes, using surface plasmon-polaritons. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 1989. V. 261. P. 455−462.
- Hamnett A., Higgins S.J., Mortimer R.S., Rosseinsky D.R. A Study of the Electrodeposition and Subsequent Potential Cycling of Prussian Blue Films Using Ellipsometry. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 1988. V. 255. P. 315−324.
- Crumbliss A.L., Lugg P. S., MorosoffN. Alkali Metal Cation Effects in Prussian Blue Surface Modified Electrode. // Inorg. Chem. 1984. V. 84. P. 4701−4708.
- Carpenter M.K., Conell R.S. A Single Film Electrochromic Device. // J. Electrochem. Soc. 1990. V. 137. P. 2464−2467.
- Upadhyay D.N., Kolb D.M. Optical properties of Prussian Blue modified gold and platinum single-crystal electrodes. // J. Electroanalyt. Chem., 1993. V. 358. P. 317−325.
- Поляков E.B., Денисова T.A., Максимова Л. Г., Зубков В. Г., Большакова Г. А., Суриков В. Т., Соколова JI.II. Молекулярная сорбция на ферроцианидах олова (II). // Ж. Неорганической Химии. 1997. Т. 42. № 3. с. 365−370.
- Рыжков М.В., Денисова Т. А., Зубков В. Г., Максимова Л. Г. Электронное строение и химическая связь в гексацианоферрате свинца. // Ж. Структурной Химии. 2000. Т. 41. № 6. с. 1123−1131.
- Cataldi T.R.I., De Benedetto G.E., Bianchini A. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Investigation and Electrochemistry of Polynuclear Indium (III) Hexacyanoferrate Films. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 1998. V. 448. No. 1. P. 111 117.
- Dong S., Jin Z. Electrochemistry of Indium Hexacyanoferrate Film Modified
- Electrodes. // Electrochim. Acta. 1989. V. 34. № 7. P. 963−968.
- Kulesza P.J., Faszynska M. Indium (III)-Hexacyanoferrate (III, II) as an Inorganic Material Analogous to Redox-Polymers for Modification of Electrode Surfaces. // Electrochim. Acta. 1989. V. 34. P. 1749−1753.
- Lin R.-J., Toshima N. Spectroelectrochemistry of New Prussian Blue Films Prepared by a Cast Method. // Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1991. Vol. 64. No. 1. P. 136−148.
- Каплун M.M., Смирнов Ю. Е., Микли В., Малев В. В. Структурное исследование пленок гексацианоферрата кобальта, синтезированных из комплексного электролита. // Электрохимия. 2001. Т. 37. № 9. с. 1065−1075.
- Fuller М. W., Le Broeq M.F., Leslie Е., Wilson I.R. the Fotolysis of Aqueous Solutions of Potassium Hexacyanoferrate (III). // Aust. J. Chem. 1986. V. 39. P. 1411−1419.
- Itaya K, Ataka Т., Uchida I., Toshima S. Spectroelectrochemistry and Electrochemical Preparation Method of Prussian Blue Modified Electrodes. // J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1982. V. 104. P. 4767−4773.
- Oh I., Lee H., Yang H., KwakJ. Ion and Water Transport in Prussian Blue Film Investigated with Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance. // Electrochem. Com. 2001. V.3. P. 274−280.
- Xidis A., Neff V.D. On the Electronic Conduction in Dry Thin Films of Prussia Blue, Prussian Yellow and Everitt’s Salt. // J. Electrochem. Soc. 1991. V. 138.12. P. 3637−3642.
- Feldman B.J., Murray R. W. Electron Diffusion in Wet and Dry Prussian Blue Films on Interdigitated Array Electrodes. // Inorg. Chem. 1987. V. 26. P. 17 021 708.
- Kulesza P.J., Galus Z. Mixed-Valence Electron Hopping, Redox Conduction and Migration Effects in Solid -State Electrochemistry of Transition Metal Hexacyanoferrates. III. Electroanal. Chem. 1992. V. 323. P. 261−274.
- Plichon V., Besbes S. Electrochemical Iinvestigations of K±free Prussian Blue Films. // Electrochim. Acta. 1992. V. 37. P. 501−507.
- Garda-Jareno J.J., Navarro-Laboulais J., Vicente F. Charge Transport in Prussian Blue Films Deposited on ITO Electrodes. // Electrochim. Acta. 1996. V. 41. №. 6. P. 835−841.
- Garda-Jareno J.J., Navarro-Laboulais J., Roig A.F., Scholl H., Vicente F. Impedance Analysis of Prussian Blue Films Deposited on ITO Electrodes. // Electrochim. Acta. 1995. V. 40. № 9. P. 1113−1119.
- Garda-Jareno J.J., Navarro-Laboulais J., Sanmatias A., Visente F. The Correlation Between Electrochemical Impedance Spectra and Voltammograms of PB Films in Aqueous NH4C1 and CsCl. // Electrochim. Acta. 1998. V. 43. № 9. P. 1045−1052.
- Garcia-Jareno J.J., Sanmatias A., Navarro-Laboulais J., Vicente F. Chronoamperometry of Prussian Blue Films on ITO Electrodes: Ohmic Drop and Film Thickness Effect. // Electrochim. Acta. 1999. V. 44. No. 26. P. 475 362.
- Viehbeck A., DeBerry D. W. Electrochemistry of Prussian Blue Films on Metal and Semiconductor Electrodes. // J. Electrochem. Soc. 1985. V. 132. No. 6. P. 1369−1375.
- Humphrey B.D., Sinha S., Bocarsly A.B. Diffuse Reflectance Spectroelectrochemistry as a Probe of the Chemically Derivatized Electrode Interface. The Derivatized Nickel Electrode. // J. Phys. Chem. 1984. V. 88. No. 4. P. 736−743.
- Kelly M.T., Arbuckle-Keil G.A., Johnson L.A., Su E.Y., Amos L.J., Chun J., Bocarsly A.B. Nickel Ferrocyanide Modified Electrodes as Active Cation
- Exchange Matrices: Real Time XRD Evaluation of Overlayer Structure and Electrochemical Behaviour. //J. Electroanal. Chem. 2001. V. 500. P. 311−321.
- Bharathi S., Joseph J., Jeyakumar D., Prabhakara Rao G. Modified Electrodes with Mixed Metal Hexacyanoferrates. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 1991. V. 319. P. 341−345.
- Bacskai J., Martinusz K, Czirok E., Inzelt G., Kulesza P., Malik M.A. Polynuclear Nickel Hexacyanoferrates: Monitoring of Film Growth and Hydrated Counter-Cation Flux/Storage During Redox Reactions. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 1995. V. 385. P. 241−248.
- Cataldi T.R.I., Guascito R., Salvi A.M. XPS Study and Electrochemical Behaviour of the Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Film Electrode upon Treatment in Alkaline Solutions. //J. Electroanal. Chem. 1996. V. 417. P. 83−88.
- Chen S.-M. Preparation, Characterization, and Electrocatalytic Oxidation Properties of Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, and Indium Hexacyanoferrate. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 2002. V. 521. P. 29−52.
- Cataldi T.R.I., De Benedetto G.E. On the Ability of ruthenium to Stabilize Polynuclear Hexacyanometallate Film Electrodes. // J. Elecrtroanal. Chem. 1998. V. 458. P. 149−154.
- Kulesza P.J., Jedral Т., Galus Z. A New Development in Polynuclear Inorganic Films: Silver (I)/"Crosslinked" Nickel (II)-Hexacyanoferrate (III, II) Microstructures. //Electrochim. Acta. 1989. V. 34. № 6. P. 851−853.
- Kulesza P.J., Malik M.A., Zamponi S., Berrettoni M., Marassi R. Electrolyte
- Gao Z., Bobaska J., Ivaska A. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Cobalt-Hexacyanoferrate Film Modified Electrode. // Electrochim. Acta. 1993. V. 38. P. 379−385.
- Каплун M.M. Диссертация на соискание ученой степени канд. хим. наук, СПбГУ, 2000.
- Chen S.-M. Characterization and Electrocatalytic Properties of Cobalt Hexacyanoferrate Films. //Electrochim. Acta. 1998. V. 43. P. 3359−3369.
- Каплун M.M., Смирнов Ю. Е., Микли В., Малев В. В. Структурное исследование пленок гексацианоферрата кобальта, синтезированных из комплексного электролита. //Электрохимия. 2001. Т. 37. с. 1065−1075.
- Moon S.B., Xidis A., Neff V.D. Kinetics of Electrolysis of Transition-Metal Hexacyanide Films and Reduction of Silver Ferricyanide. // J. Phys. Chem. 1993. V. 97. No. 8. P. 1634−1638.
- Kahlert H., Scholz F. Graphite Silver (I) Hexacyanoferrate (III) Composite Electrode for Determination of Iron (III) Ions. // Electroanal. 1997. V. 9. № 12. P. 922−925.
- Jin Z., Dong S. Spectroelectrochemical Studies of Indium Hexacyanoferrate Film Modified Electrodes. // Electrochim. Acta. 1990. V. 35. № 6. P. 1057−1060.
- Csahok E., Vieil E., Inzelt G. Probe Beam Deflection Study of the Transport of Ions During the Redox Reaction of Indium Hexacyanoferrate Films. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 1998. V. 457. P. 251−255.
- Liu S., Wang Y., Zhu G., Dong S. Study of Cupric Hexacyanoferrate Modified Platinum Electrodes Using Probe Beam Deflection and Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques. // Electrochim. Acta. 1997. V. 42. № 12. P. 1795−1800.
- H.Kahlert, U. Retter, H. Lohse, K. Siegler, Scholz F. Impedance study of copper hexacyanoferrate films.// J. Phys. Chem., 1998. V. 2, P.301−307.
- Siperko L.M., Kuwana T. Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Studies of Metal Hexacyanometallate Films. I. Cupric Hexacyanoferrate. // J. Electrochem. Soc. 1983. V. 130. No. 2. P. 396−402.
- Tourillon G., Gamier F. New electrochemically generated organic conducting polymers. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 1982. V. 135. P. 173−178.
- W&.Elsenbaumer R.L., Jen K.-Y., Oboodi R. Processible and environmentally stable conducting polymers. // Synth. Met. 1986. V. 15. P. 169−174.
- Jen K.-Y., Miller G.G., Elsenbaumer R.L. Highly Conducting, Soluble, and Environmentally-stable Poly (3-alkylthiophenes). // J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1986. P. 1346−1347.
- RoncaliJ., Garreau R., Garnier F., Yassar A., Marque P., LemaireM. Effects of steric factors on the electrosynthesis and properties of conducting poly (3-alkylthiophenes). //J. Phys. Chem. 1987. V. 91. P. 6706−6714.
- RoncaliJGarnier F. Control of the electrical and electrochemical properties of poly-3-methylthiophene films by the synthesis conditions. // New. J. Chem. 1986. V.10. № 4−5. P. 237−241.
- Marque P., Roncali J., Garnier F. Electrolyte effect on the electrochemical properties of poly (3-methylthiophene) thin films. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 1987. V. 218. P.107−118.
- Chorro C., Moukala В., Lere-Porte J.-P., Petrissans J. Optimization of the electrosynthesis of polythiophene and polyselenophene films. // Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1990. V. 187. P. 199−205.
- Barsch U., Beck F. Anodic overoxidation of polythiophenes in wet acetonitrile electrolytes. // Electrochim. Acta. 1996. V. 41. P. 1761−1771.
- Yassar A., Roncali J., Garnier F. Conductivity and Conjugation Length in Poly (3-methylthiophene) Thin Films. // Macromolecules. 1989. V. 22. P. 804
- Wegner G. A Survey on Structure and Properties of Polymers with Metal-like Conductivity. //Macromol. Chem., Macromol. Symp. 1986. № 1. P. 151−171.
- Delabouglise D., Garreau R., Lemaire M. Study of polythiophene structure using monomers selectively labeled with deutherium. // New J. Chem. 1988. V. 12. P. 155−161.
- Baughman R.H., Shacklette L.W. The dependence of electronic conductivity upon conjugation length for conducting polymers. // Synth. Met. 1987. V. l7. P. 173−181.
- Refaey S.A.M. Electrochemical impedance studies on the electrochemical properties of poly (3-methylthiophene) in aqueous solutions. // Synth. Met. 2004. V. 140. P. 87−94.
- Chao F., Costa M., Tian C. Modification of poly (3-methylthiophene) (PMeT) structure during electrochemical doping-undoping, studied by in situ atomic force microscopy (ECAFM). // Synth. Met. 1995. V. 75. P. 85−94.
- Waltman R.J., Bargon J., Diaz A.F. Electrochemical studies of some conducting polythiophene films. //J. Phys. Chem. 1983. V. 87. P. 1459−1463.
- Yumoto Y., Yoshimura S. Synthesis and electrical properties of a new conducting polythiophene prepared by electrochemical polymerization of a-terthienyl.//Synth. Met. 1986. V. 13/P. 185−191.
- Reynolds J .R., Hsu S., ArnottHJ. The effect of e lectrolyte-controlled growth morphology on the charge transport properties of poly (3-methylthiophene). // J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polymer Physics. 1989. V. 27. P. 2081−2103.
- Chao F., Costa M., Tian C. Different steps in electrodeposition of poly (3-methylthiophene) films on platinum electrodes studied by ellipsometry, SEM and AFM techniques. // Synth. Met. 1993. V. 53. P. 127−147.
- Semenikhin O.A., Jiang L., Hashimoto K, Fujishima A. Kelvin probe force microscopic study of anodically and cathodically doped poly-3-methylthiophene. // Synth. Met. 2000. V. 110. P. 115−122.
- Christensen P.A., Hamnett A., Read D.C. Infrared dichroic studies on the electrochemical cycling of polythiophene. // Synth. Met. 1994. V.62. P. 141 152.
- Tourillon G., Gamier F. Structural effect on the electrochemical properties of polythiophene and derivatives. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 1984. V. 161. P. 51−58.
- Vinocur M.J. Structural Studies of Conducting Polymers. // Handbook of Conducting Polymers. 2-nd ed. / Eds Skotheim T.A., Elsebaumer R.L., Reynolds J.R. N.Y.: Marcel Dekker, 1997. P. 707−726.
- McCullough R.D., Ewbank P.C. Regioregular, Head-to-Tail Coupled Poly (3-alkylthiophene) and its Derivatives. // Handbook of Conducting Polymers. 2-nd ed. / Eds Skotheim T.A., Elsebaumer R.L., Reynolds J.R. N.Y.: Marcel Dekker, 1997. P. 225−258.
- Roncali J., Garreau R., Gamier F., Lemaire M. Enhancement of the mean conjugation length in conducting polythiophenes. // Synth. Met. 1987. V. 18, P. 139−144.
- Chance R.R., Boudreaux D.S., Bredas J.L., Silbey R. Solitons, Polarons, and Bipolarons in Conjugated Polymers. // Handbook of Conducting Polymers / Ed. Skotheim T.A. N.Y.: Marcel Dekker, 1986. P. 825−857.
- Kawai Т., Nakazono M., Yoshino K. Effects of Doping on the Crystal Structure of Poly (3-alky lthiophene). // J. Mater. Chem. 1992. № 2. P. 903−906.
- Sun Z.W., Frank A.J. Charaterization of the interchain charge-generation mechanism of electronically conductive poly (3-methylthiophene). // J.Phys.Chem., 1991, V.94. P.4600−4608.
- Visy C., Kankare J. Polythiophene puzzle a plausible solution. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 1998. V. 442. P. 175−188.
- Visy C., Kankare J. Direct in situ conductance evidence for non-faradaic electrical processes in poly (3-methylthiophene). // Electrochim. Acta. 2000. V.45. P. 1811−1820.
- Mukoyama /., Aoki K, Chen J. Electrochemical dissolution of polythiophene films. //J. Electroanal. Chem. 2002. V. 531. P. 133−139.
- Abrantes L.M., Correia J.P., Gonzalez J. On the cathodic doping of poly (3-methylthiophene). // J. Chim. Phys. Phys. Chim. Biol. 1998. V. 95. P. 11 721 175.
- Abrantes L.M., Correia J.P. On the initiation and growth of polymer films onto electrode surfaces. I I Electrochim. Acta. 1999. V. 44. P. 1901−1910.
- Tourillon G., Garnier F. Effect of dopant on the physicochemical and electrical properties of organic с onducting p olymers. // J. P hys. С hem. 1983. V. 8 7. P. 2289−2292.
- Neugebauer H., Nauer G., Neckel A., Tourillon G., Garnier F., Lang P. In Situ Investigations of the 3-Methylthiophene Polymer with Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. // J. Phys. Chem. 1984. V. 88. P. 652−654.
- Kobel W., Kiess H., Egli M., Keller R. Characterization of poly (3-methylthiophene) films by IR, elemental analysis, thermogravimetry and mass spectrometry. // Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1986. V. 137. P. 141−150.
- Kaeriyama K., Sato M., Tanaka S. Electrochemical preparation о f с onducting polyalkylthiophene films. // Synth. Met. 1987. V. 18. P. 233−236.
- Wang J. IR spectroelectrochemical investigations of solvent roles in deactivation of poly (3-methylthiophene) films. // Electrochim. Acta. 1997. V. 42. P. 25 452 554.
- Latonen R.-M., Kvarnstrom C., Ivaska A. In situ UV-vis and FTIR attenuated total reflectance studies on the electrochemically synthesized copolymer from biphenyl and 3-octylthiophene. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 2001. V. 512. P. 36−48.
- Skompska M. Alternative explanation of asymmetry in cyclic voltammograms for redox reaction of poly (3-methylthiophene) films in acetonitrile solutions. // Electrochim. Acta. 1998. V. 44. P. 357−362.
- Tourillon G., Jugnet Y. Electronic and structural characteristics of five poly membered heterocycles (polythiophene, polypyrrole): An ultraviolet and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study. // J. Chem. Phys. 1988. V. 89. P. 1905−1913.
- Qiao X., Wang X., Mo Z. The effects of different alkyl substitution on the structures and properties of poly (3-alkylthiophenes). // Synth. Met. 2001. V. 118. P. 89−95.
- Tourillon G., Gourier D., Garnier F., Vivien D. Electron Spin Resonance Study of Electrochemically Generated Poly (thiophene) and Derivatives. // J. Phys. Chem. 1984. V. 88. P. 1049−1051.
- Harima Y., Shiotani M., Kojima K., Yamashita K., Eguchi T. An in situ ESRstudy on poly (3-methylthiophene): charge transport due to polarons and bipolarons before the evolution of metallic conduction. // Synth. Met. 1999. V. 105. P. 121−128.
- Demirboga В., Onal A.M. ESR and conductivity investigations on electrochemically synthesized polyfuran and polythiophene. // Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 2000. V. 61. P. 907−913.
- Sercheli M.S., Walmsley L., Rettori C., Correa A.A., Bulhdes L.O.S., Pereira E.C. Polarons, Bipolarons, and Crystallization in Conducting Polymers: An ESR Study, //physica status solidi (b). 2000. V. 220. P. 631−634.
- Lang P., Chao F., Costa M., Gamier F. Electrochemical grafting of poly (methylthiophene) onto platinum in acetonitrile. // Polymer. 1987. V. 28. P. 668−674.
- Lang P., Chao F., Costa M., Lheritier E., Garnier F. Electrochemical Grafting of Poly-3-Methylthiophene on Platinum in Acetonitrle Studied by In-Situ Ellipsometry and Electrochemistry. // Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem. 1988. V. 92. P. 1528−1536.
- Chao F., Costa M. The asymmetry between the mechanism of oxidation and reduction of PMeT studied by ellipsometry. //Synth. Met. 1990. V. 39. P. 97 102.
- Abrantes L.M., Correia J.P., Jin G. The heterogeneous growth of P (3MeTh) -an ellipsometric study. // Electrochimica Acta. 2001. V. 46. P. 3993−3999.
- Meerholz K., Heinze J. Electrochemical solution and solid-state investigations on conjugated oligomers and polymers of the a-thiophene and the p-phenylene series. // Electrochimica Acta. 1996. V. 41. P. 1839−1854.
- Dietrich M., Heinze J. Poly (4,4'-dimethoxybithiophene) — A new conducting polymer with extraordinary redox and optical properties. // Synth. Met. 1991. V. 41. P. 503−506.
- Grande H.-G., Otero T.F. Conformational movements explain logarithmic relaxation in conducting polymers. // Electrochim. Acta. 1999. V. 44. P. 18 931 900.
- Aoki К. Nernst equation complicated by electric random percolation at conducting polymer-coated electrodes. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 1991. V. 310. P. 1−12.
- Aoki K., Cao J., Hoshino Y. Coulombic irreversibility at polyaniline-coated electrodes by electrochemical switching. // Electrochim. Acta. 1993. V. 38. P. 1711−1716.
- Nechtschein M" Devreux F., Genoud F., Vieil E., Pernaut J.M., Gerties E. Polarons, bipolarons and charge interactions in polypyrrole: Physical and electrochemical approaches. // Synth. Met. 1986. V. 15. P. 59−78.
- Otero T.F., Grande H.-G., Rodrigez J. Reinterpretation of Polypyrrole Electrochemistry after Consideration of Conformational Relaxation Processes. // J. Phys. Chem. B. 1997. V. 101. P. 3688−3697.
- Doblhofer K. The non-metallic character of solvated conducting polymers. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 1992. V. 331. P. 1015−1027.
- Feldberg S.W. Reinterpretation of polypyrrole electrochemistry. Consideration of capacitive currents in redox switching of conducting polymers. // J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984. V.106. P. 4671−4674.
- TezukaY., Aoki K., Shinozaki K. Kinetics of oxidation of polypyrrole-coated transparent electrodes by in situ linear sweep voltammetry and spectroscopy. // Synth. Met. 1989. V. 30. P. 369−379.
- Barsukov V.Z., Chivikov S. The «capacitor» concept of the current-producing process mechanism in polyaniline-type conducting polymers. // Electrochim. Acta. 1996. V.41.P. 1773−1779.
- Heinze J., Tschunsky P., Smie A. The oligomeric approach the electrochemistry of conducting polymers in the light of recent research. // J. Solid State Electrochem. 1998. V. 2. P. 102−109.
- Smie A., Heinze J. Reversible Dimerization of Diphenylpolyene Radical Cations: An Alternative to the Bipolaron Model. // Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997. V. 36. P. 363−367.
- Tschunsky P., Heinze J., Smie A., Engelmann G., Kossmehl G. Reversible dimerization of 3,3', 5,5',-tetramethyl-2,2'-bithiophene cations. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 1997. V. 433. P. 223−226.
- Vorotyntsev M.A., Heinze J. Charging process in electron conducting polymers: dimerization model. // Electrochim. Acta. 2001. V. 46. P. 3309−3324.
- Nekrasov A.A., Ivanov V.F., Vannikov A.V. Analysis of the structure of polyaniline absorption spectra based on spectroelectrochemical data. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 2000. V. 482. P. 11−17.
- Yoshino K., Kuwabara Т., Kawai T. Learning effect in the doping process of conducting polymer. // Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1990. Part 2. V. 29. P. L995- L997.
- Inzelt G. Role of polymeric properties in the electrochemical behaviour of redox polymer-modified electrodes. // Electrochim. Acta. 1989. V. 34. P. 83−91.
- Kalaji M., Peter L.M., Abrantes L.M., Mesquita J.C. Microelectrode studies of fast switching in polyaniline films. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 1989. V. 274. P. 289−295.
- Алпатова H.M., Семенихин O.A., Овсянникова E.B., Эренбург М. Р., Ефимов О. Н., Белов М. Ю., Казаринов В. Е. Два вида заторможенного заряда в электронпроводящих полимерах тиофенового ряда. // Электрохимия. 2000. Т. 36. № 9. С. 1045−1052.
- Алпатова Н.М., Овсянникова Е. В., Казаринов В. Е. Катодное и анодное допирование электронно-проводящих полимеров: Квазиравновесные изаторможенные процессы. //Электрохимия. 1997. Т. 33. № 1. С. 36−40.
- Tourillon G., Gamier F. Electrochemical doping of polythiophene in aqueous medium. Electrical properties and stability. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 1984. V. 161. P. 407−414.
- Алпатова H.M., Леей М. Д., Овсянникова E.B. Особенности поведения поли-3-метилтиофена в водных растворах. // Электрохимия. 1994. Т. 30. № 5. С. 606−610.
- Ми S., Park S.-M. Electrochemistry of conductive polymers XVII. Preparation and characterization of polythiophene in aqueous solutions. // Synth. Met. 1995. V. 69. P. 311−312.
- Hagen G., Thoresen A.H., Sunde S., Hesjevik S.M., Odegard R. Electrochemical Response of Poly-(3-Methyl-Thiophene) to Various Anions in Aqueous Solutions. // Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1990. V. 189. P. 213−219.
- Sunde S., Hagen G., Odegard R. The electrochemical response of polythiophenes in aqueous solutions. // Synth. Met. 1991. V. 43. P. 2983−2986.
- Refaey S.A.M., Schwitzgebel G. Effect of anion and cation exchange on the electrochemical properties of poly (3-methylthiophene) in aqueous solutions. // Designed Monomers and Polymers/New Polymeric Materials. 2000. V. 3. P. 389−398.
- Tanguy J., Baudoin J.L., Chao F., Costa M. Study of the redox mechanism ofpoly-3-methylthiophene by impedance spectroscopy. // Electrochim. Acta. 1992. V. 37. P. 1417−1428.
- Tanguy J., Pron A., Zagorska M., Kulszewicz-Bajer I. Poly (3-alkylthiophenes) and poly (4,4'-dialkyl-2,2'-bithiophenes): a comparative study by impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. 11 Synth. Met. 1991. V. 45. P. 81−105.
- Bobacka J., Ivaska A., Grzeszczuk M. Electrochemical study of poly (3-octylthiophene) film electrodes II. Reversible redox/conductivity state switching. Impedance study. // Synth. Met. 1991. V. 44. P. 21−34.
- Kvarnstrom C., Ivaska A. Electrochemical study on poly (paraphenylene)/poly (3-octylthiophene) bilayer electrodes. // Synth. Met. 1997. V. 84. P. 593−594.
- Bobacka J., Grzeszczuk M., Ivaska A. Electron Transfer at Conducting polymer Film Electrodes: Mechanism and kinetics of Ferrocene oxidation at poly (3-octylthiophene). //J. Electroanal. Chem. 1997. V. 427. P. 63−69.
- Semenikhin O.A., Ovsyannikova E. V., Alpatova N.M., Rotenberg Z.A. Dynamic impedance measurements on a thin-film poly-3-methylthiophene electrode: memory effects and space charge formation. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 1996. V. 408. P. 67−75.
- Visy C., Kankare J. Direct in situ conductance evidence for non-faradaic electrical processes in poly (3-methylthiophene). // Electrochim. Acta. 2000. V. 45. P. 1811−1820.
- Deslouis C., Musiani M.M., Tribollet В., Vorotyntsev M.A. Comparison of the AC Impedance of conducting Polymer Films Studied as Electrode-Supported and freestanding Membranes. // J. Electrochem. Soc. 1995. V. 142. P. 1902
- Musiani M.M. Characterization of electroactive polymer layers by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). // Electrochim. Acta. 1990. V. 35. P. 1665−1670.
- Ferloni P., Mastragostino M., Meneghello L. Impedance analysis of electronically conducting polymers. // Electrochim. Acta. 1996. V. 41. P. 27−33.
- Jiittner K., Schmitz R.J.H., Hudson A. A parameter study on the impedance of poly (3-methylthiophene) film electrodes. // Electrochim. Acta. 1999. V. 44. P. 4177−4187.
- C.Montella Discussion of three models used for the investigation of insertion-extarction processes by the potential step chronoamperometry technique.// J.Electroanal.Chem. 2002, V.518, P.61−69.
- ДобошД. Электрохимические константы. M.: Мир, 1980. 27−36 с.
- Sauerbray G. The use of quartz crystals as microbalance for electrochemical investigations //Z. Phys. 1959. V. 155. P. 206.
- QCM100 Quartz Crystal Microbalance Analog Controller. QCM25 Crystal Oscillator. Operation and service manual. Stanford Research Systems. 2002.
- Bard A. J., Denuault G.F., Friesner R.A. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: Theory and Application of the Transient (Chronoamperometric) SECM Response. // Anal. Chem. 1991. V. 63. No. 13. pp. 1282−1288.
- Bard A. J., Fan F.-R.F., KwakJ., Lev O. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Introduction and Principles. // Anal. Chem. 1989. V. 61. No. 2. pp. 132−138.
- Рыков C.A. Сканирующая зондовая микроскопия полупроводниковых материалов и наноструктур. СПб: Наука, 2001. -52 с.
- Коттон Ф., Уилкинсон Дж. Современная неорганическая химия. М., Мир, 1969. Т.З. 592 с.
- Кравцов В.И. Равновесие и кинетика электродных реакций комплексов металлов. Л.: Химия. 1985. 176 с.
- Walker R.G., Watkins КО. Kinetics of complex formation between hexacyanoferrate (III) ions and iron (III) to form FeFe (CN)6 (Prussian brown) // Inorg.Chem., 1968, V.7, P.885.
- Espenson J.H., Wolenuk S.G. Kinetics and mechanisms of some substitution reactions of pentacyanoferrate (III) complexes. // Inorg.Chem., 1972, V. ll, P. 2034.
- Emschwiller G., Jorgensen C. K Electron transfer bands of binuclear iron (II, III) complexes containing two cyanide bridges // Chem.Phys.Lett., 1970, V.5,P.561.
- Ibers I.A., Davidson N. Ion-pairing processes in solutions containing of Fe (3+) and Fe (CN)63″. // J.Amer.Chem.Soc., 1951, V.73, P.476.
- Goldstein E.L., Van de Mark M.R. Electrode Cleaning and Anion Effects on ks for K3Fe (CN)6 Couple. // Electrochim. Acta. 1982.V.27.pp. 1079−1085.
- Bindra P., Gerischer H., Peter L.M. The Dependence of the Rate of the Fe (CN)63"/4″ Couple on Ionic Strength in Concentrated Solutions. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 1974. V.57.pp.435−438.
- Kuta J., Yeager E. The Influence of Cation on the Electrode Kinetics of Ferricyanide-Ferrocyanide Sysytem on the Rotating Gold Electrode.// J. Electroanal. Chem. 1975. V.59.pp.l 10−112.
- Zardonecki M, Wrona P. K, Galus Z.J. EQCM s tudy о f Prussian b lue films. //J.Electrochem.Soc., 1999, V. 146, P.620.
- Sigimura H., Shimo N., Kitamura N., Masuhara H., Itaya К Topographical Imaging of Prussian Blue Surfaces by direct -mode Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. // J. Electroanal. Chem. 1993. V.346., P. 147−160.
- Накамото К. ИК-спектры и спектры КР неорганических и органических соединений: перевод с англ. М. Мир, 1991ю 536 С.
- Stability Constants of Metal Ions Complexes. Ed. by L.G.Sillen A.E.Martell, London, The Chemical Society, 1964, N 17, 1974, N 25.
- Sigimura H., Sato К. Electronic Spectra of Prussian blue film under redox cycling process.// Chem.comm. 1996, V.48, P.2345−2349.
- Алпатова H.M., Овсянникова E.B., Казаринов B.E. Влияние природы растворителя на редокс-поведение электронно-проводящих полимеров // Электрохимия. 1998. Т. 34. № 1. С. 83−89.