ΠŸΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒ Π² написании студСнчСских Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚
АнтистрСссовый сСрвис

Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы для типирования ΠΈ изучСния ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ вирусной ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹

Π”ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡΠŸΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈΠ£Π·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΠΌΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹

Π’Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ соврСмСнного здравоохранСния, Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ обусловлСнной интСнсивным ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², являСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° формирования лСкарствСнной устойчивости, Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠΌ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚роля Π² Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ лСчСния. Π’Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹, основанныС Π½Π° Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… срСдах, Π·Π°Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡƒΡŽ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚… Π§ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΅Ρ‰Ρ‘ >

Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы для типирования ΠΈ изучСния ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ вирусной ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ (Ρ€Π΅Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚, курсовая, Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ)

Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅

  • Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
  • 2. ΠžΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹
    • 2. 1. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Ρƒ Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°
      • 2. 1. 1. ΠšΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ микробиология Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅ Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²
      • 2. 1. 2. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ молСкулярного Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ
    • 2. 2. Масс-спСктромСтричСскиС Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ — соврСмСнный способ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° биологичСских ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡƒΠ»
      • 2. 2. 1. Масс-спСктромСтрия ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… кислот
      • 2. 2. 2. Масс-спСктромСтрия Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
        • 2. 2. 2. 1. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ²
        • 2. 2. 2. 2. ΠŸΡ€ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ
      • 2. 2. 3. Масс-спСктромСтрия Π½ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… кислот 34 2.2.3.1 ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ масс-спСктромСтрии Π½ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… кислот
    • 2. 3. ΠžΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡ‹ возникновСния ΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ранСния рСзистСнтности ΠΊ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ
    • 2. 4. ЧастныС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ²
      • 2. 4. 1. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² — ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠ°, ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π°
      • 2. 4. 2. ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Ρƒ Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ
      • 2. 4. 3. Π‘ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ состояниС Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ диагностики ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° транс-Ρ„ΡƒΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… вирусных Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π’ ΠΈ Π‘
    • 2. 5. Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ типирования ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π΅ рСформирования ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… систСм ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° клиничСски-Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ
  • 3. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. 87 3.1 ΠžΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹ исслСдования
    • 3. 1. 1. Π‘Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ
    • 3. 1. 2. ΠšΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»
    • 3. 1. 3. АнализируСмыС ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π”ΠΠš/РНК
    • 3. 2. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹
    • 3. 2. 1. ΠŸΡ€ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠœΠΠ›Π”Π˜ масс-спСктромСтричСскоС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ
    • 3. 2. 2. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
    • 3. 3. ГСнСтичСскиС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹
    • 3. 3. 1. Π’Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π”ΠΠš
    • 3. 3. 2. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ
    • 3. 3. 3. ΠžΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… для постамплифи-ΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… манипуляций
    • 3. 3. 4. ΠœΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-спСктромСтричСский Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ
    • 3. 3. 5. Π‘Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°
    • 3. 3. 6. ИсслСдованиС Π½Π° Π”ΠΠš-Ρ‡ΠΈΠΏΠ΅
    • 3. 3. 7. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ молСкулярного типирования
    • 3. 3. 8. Вранскрипционный Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·
    • 3. 4. Π‘ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΡ‚атистичСскиС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ 110 4 Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹
    • 4. 1. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ молСкулярного сканирования — ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ тСхнологичСской ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹
    • 4. 1. 1. ΠŸΡ€ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠœΠΠ›Π”Π˜ масс-спСктромСтричСскоС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ²
    • 4. 1. 2. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅
  • ΠœΠΠ›Π”Π˜ Π’ΠœΠ‘ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ выявлСния ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎ-Ρ‚ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π² Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π”ΠΠš Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡΠΎΠ²
    • 4. 1. 3. Π”ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ Π”ΠΠš-ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ† ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π° исслСдования Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΈ Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ…ΠΎ-Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²

НСсмотря Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… мСроприятий ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŽ Π½Π°Π΄ распространСниСм Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², достигнутыС успСхи Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, доля ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ заболСваСмости насСлСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ [16]. Π‘ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, происходят измСнСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π² Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ популяции ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ с ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ лСкарствСнной ΡƒΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΉΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ большСй Π²ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚огСнностыо. На ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ, связанныС с ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… эффСктивных срСдств Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡ… ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ типирования ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ профиля лСкарствСнной устойчивости, выглядят особСнно Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ.

ПослСднСС дСсятилСтиС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° сущСствСнно ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ наши прСдставлСния ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… явлСниях-ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°Ρ…, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅. Π’ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ это обусловлСно интСнсивным Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° биологичСских ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ. ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ чтСния. гСнСтичСских ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² обнаруТСния ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ структуры ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ², ΠΊ Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… относятся ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡƒΠ»Ρ‹ Π”ΠΠš, РНК ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ.

Π’ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈ клиничСской ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ измСнились прСдставлСния ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΌΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…-процСссов, измСнчивости Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ слСдствиС Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ устойчивости ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ^Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠ΅Π²Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅-ским Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ. Π’ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ с ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠΌ, Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ диагностичСского ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΈ, практичСских Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΉ. Вакая модСрнизация Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ, быстрой ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ Π΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡΡ‡Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΡ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ прСдставлСниС ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΌ сообщСствС Π² ΠΈΡΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒ клиничСски Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Π΅ свойства ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ сТатыС сроки.

Π’Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ возбудитСля, основанныС Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ микробиологичСского посСва, Π½Π΅ Π»ΠΈΡˆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ ряда нСдостатков — Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ исслСдования, лимитированная ΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ дСлСния Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ привлСчСния большого числа ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… спСциалистов Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Ρƒ слоТности Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ аналитичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ², Π² Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ности прСдставитСли анаэробной^Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π»ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ„актичСски Π½Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ся Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅ клиничСских микробиологичСских Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΉ.

Π’Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ соврСмСнного здравоохранСния, Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ обусловлСнной интСнсивным ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², являСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° формирования лСкарствСнной устойчивости, Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠΌ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚роля Π² Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ лСчСния. Π’Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹, основанныС Π½Π° Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… срСдах, Π·Π°Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡƒΡŽ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ Π² ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ сТатыС сроки ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ся ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Ρƒ рСтроспСктивности Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°.

ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ исслСдованиС Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ клиничСской ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, связанных с ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ срСдств быстрого выявлСния ΠΈ Ρ…арактСристики Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ичСским использованиСм, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ для осущСствлСния молСкулярного ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ получСния Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ях молСкулярной ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ².

ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ шаги ΠΊ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ сдСланы Π² 90Ρ… Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° с Π²Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ПЦР-диагностики, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ сроки Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° клиничСского ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π° для ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π»ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡΠΎΠ² [2]. Π’Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅, этот ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ оказался нСдостаточным для Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ свойств ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² — ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ типирования, установлСния профиля лСкарствСнной Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… для Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ стратСгии лСчСния, Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ.

БлоТившаяся ситуация Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° клиничСски Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ создания комплСксных систСм, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ молСкулярныС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹ формирования лСкарствСнной устойчивости, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ события исходя ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° измСнчивости Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… популяций.

ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исслСдования состоит Π² Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ этой ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ комплСксного Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°, основанного Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ гСнСтичСского ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ типирования с ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ врСмяпролСтной ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π°Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ дСсорбции/ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ (ΠœΠΠ›Π”Π˜) масс-спсктромСтрии, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°.

РСализация Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° позволяСт Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π±Ρ‹ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π»ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹, ΠΎΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ молСкулярноС Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ², провСсти ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΡƒ лСкарствСнной Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΡΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹ формирования клиничСски Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² — толСрантности ΠΊ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, патогСнности.

Для ΠΈΠ»Π»ΡŽΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ возмоТностСй создаваСмой ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ исслСдования Π²Ρ‹Π±Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ клиничСски Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ².

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, вирусы Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π° Π’ ΠΈ Π‘.

Π’Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² основан Π½Π° Π±Π΅Π·ΡƒΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ изучСния этих ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² для практичСского Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ России. Π’Π°ΠΊ, Π² 2007 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ заболСваСмости Π½Π° 100 тыс. насСлСния составил 82,9 для Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π°- 60,34 для Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ€Π΅ΠΈ- 5,8 ΠΈ 3,58 для вирусных Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π’ ΠΈ Π‘, соотвСтствСнно [16].

Π’ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅ стран распространСниС ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, процСссы формирования лСкарствСнной устойчивости ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ…. ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) (www.iuatld.org) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and Π’Π’ Prevention (NCHHSTP) БША (www. cdc.gov/nchhstp).

Π’ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ находятся Π² ΡΡ‚Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ формирования ΠΈ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ся Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ срСдств эффСктивного молСкулярного ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ, Π² Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ности ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π°, ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠ°, Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠ°, вирусов Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π° Π’ ΠΈ Π‘.

ЦСль Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹: созданиС ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ типирования ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ (Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊ, ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊ, ΠΌΠΈ-ΠΊΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π°) ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ (вирусы Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π° Π’ ΠΈ Π‘) ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ для обСспСчСния ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ эпидСмиологичСского ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, опрСдСлСния' Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² вирулСнтности ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚огСнности ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… молСкулярных ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² формирования лСкарствСнной устойчивости.

Π—Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ:

1. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒ комплСксной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ врСмяпро-Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠœΠΠ›Π”Π˜ масс-спСктромСтрии для Π²Ρ‹ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ выявлСния Π½ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎ-Ρ‚ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π² Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ… Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡΠΎΠ². ДСмонстрация возмоТности ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π”ΠΠš-Ρ‡ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-спСктромСтричСского исслСдования.

2. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ молСкулярно-гСнСтичСских тСстов для типирования вирусов Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π° Π‘ ΠΈ Π’, ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ… Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‚ичСских характСристик.

3. ΠžΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ прямого масс-спСктромСтричСского профилирования Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° возмоТности Π΅Π³ΠΎ примСнСния для типирования ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ клиничСски Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ².

4. Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ срСдств молСкулярного типирования российской популяции М. tuberculosis ΠΈ N. gonorrhoeae. БопоставлСниС информативности ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ типирования Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ.

5. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±Π½Ρ‹Ρ… молСкулярно-эпидСмиологичСских исслСдований гСографичСски Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ (ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ) изолятов Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠ°, ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π°, ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠ°. ΠžΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° основных Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ гСнСтичСской измСнчивости Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Ρ… популяциях Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ Π Π€.

6. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚рация Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ° обнаруТСния нСизвСстных молСкулярных ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² лСкарствСнной устойчивости Ρƒ Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠ° с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… (мСтаболичСских) сСтСй.

2 ΠžΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹.

6 Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹.

1. ΠžΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ Π² ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ» прямого ΠœΠΠ›Π”Π˜ масс-спСктромСтричСского профилирования Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ для Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎ-ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… (S pneumoniae) ΠΈ Π³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… (N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis) ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ².

2. Π’ Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ клиничСской Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π”ΠΠš-ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ† продСмонстрирована Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ выявлСния анаэробной Ρ„Π»ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ обслСдовании ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π΄ΠΈΡΠ±ΠΈΠΎ-тичСскими явлСниями ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π° — Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π²Π°Π³ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ· ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½, нСспСцифичСский баланопостит ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ особСнно Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ эффСктивности. спСцифичСской Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ.

3. На ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠœΠΠ›Π”Π˜ масс-спСктромСтрии Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π½ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… кислот, сопряТСнной с ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ рСакциями Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π²Ρ‹ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ систСмы обнаруТСния ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π² Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ… Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ для ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ лСкарствСнной устойчивости S. pneumoniae, М. tuberculosis, N. gonorrhoeae ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‚ипирования вирусов Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π° Π’ ΠΈ Π‘, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ², Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅.

4. ΠœΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΡ… ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ичСски Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΊ изолятов S. pneumoniae, М. tuberculosis, N. gonorrhoeae ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΉ устойчивый Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΏ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… пСрСстроСк Π² Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π”ΠΠš. Π’ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Сля ΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ АМП прогностичСская Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ рСгистрируСмых ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² гСпСтичСски-Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ лСкарствСнной устойчивости составила ΠΎΡ‚ 82% Π΄ΠΎ 96%.

5. ΠžΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ вирусов Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π° Π’ ΠΈ Π‘ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ способа рСгистрации ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ², Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-спСктромСтричСском Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Π”ΠΠš, ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ пСрспСктивы ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ эпидСмиологичСским исслСдованиям Π² ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΉ области.

6. Π Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ формирования устойчивости N gonorrhoeae ΠΊ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ Π·Π° ΡΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² Ρ€ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ΅ S5- объяснСн Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ сниТСния Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠ° ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ, обусловлСнный Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎ-Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π²Ρ‹Π·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² внСшнСй ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΈΠΌΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠ° ΠΊ ΡΡƒΠ±Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ концСнтрациям цСфтриаксона ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹, отвСтствСнныС Π·Π° Π²Ρ‹ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡƒΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ… осмотичСского стрСсса.

ΠŸΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ вСсь тСкст

Бписок Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹

  1. М. Π›., Π“Π°Π»Π»ΡŒ JI. Н., ΠšΡ€Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ² Н. Π’. ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€. Экстракция ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ атмосфСрном Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ масс-спСктромСтричСского Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° // ДАН Π‘Π‘Π‘Π . — 1984. -Π’. 277.-№ 2.-Π‘. 379−383.
  2. ., ΠŸΠ°ΡΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°ΠΊ Π”ΠΆ. ΠœΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡΡ€Π½Π°Ρ биотСхнология. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡ‹ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Москва, ΠœΠΈΡ€, 2002.
  3. М. Н., Π“ΡƒΠ³ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠ΄Π·Π΅ Π•. Н. ΠœΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ аспСкты диагностики ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΉ //I
  4. ΠŸΡƒΠ»ΡŒΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ. 1997. — Π’. 1. — Π‘. 41−45.
  5. И., Π•Ρ€ΡˆΠΎΠ² Π“., ΠœΠΈΡ€Π·Π°Π±Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ² А. ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€. Диагностика гСнСтичСских ΠΌΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ½ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ… // ΠœΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡΡ€Π½Π°Ρ Биология. 1997. — Π’.31. — Π‘. 159−167.
  6. Π•. Н., АртСмов Π• .К., Π“ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΠ½ Π’. М., Иванова Π›. М., Иваников И. О. Π“Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°-Π½ΠΈΠ΅ РНК вируса Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π° Π‘ Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ // ΠšΡ€Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠœΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠšΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ вСстник. 2002. — β„– I. — Π‘. 38 — 41.
  7. Π’. М., Π’ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Н. Н., Π•Ρ„ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² Π‘. А. ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€. ΠœΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π²Π»Π°Π³Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‰Π°. ΠšΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π»ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Π°Π³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… дисбактСриозах. Москва. 1999. с. 80.
  8. Π”. К. ВирусныС Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹: ΠΎΡ‚, А Π΄ΠΎ G ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅ // Π–ΡƒΡ€Π½Π°Π» ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, эпидСмиологии, ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. 1997. — № 1. — Π‘. 70 — 77.
  9. Π”. К., Π‘Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ…Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π•. И., ΠœΠΈΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎ Π‘., ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€. ЗакономСрности распространСния вируса Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π° Π‘ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π°Ρ… БНГ // Вопросы вирусологии. — 1997. № 4. — Π‘. 157 — 161.
  10. И.И. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ. ЭнциклопСдичСский справочник. Москва, АБВ-ΠŸΡ€Π΅ΡΡ, 1994, с. 365−367.
  11. . А., ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°Π΅Π² Π’. И., Π¨ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΊ Π”. Π’., Π—Π°Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΠ½ Π’. А. Масс-Ρ€Π΅Ρ„Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ½: Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ врСмяпролСтный масс-спСктромСтр высокого Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ //Π–ΡƒΡ€Π½Π°Π» ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ‚СорСтичСской Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. 1973. -Π’. 64. — Π’Ρ‹ΠΏ. 1. — Π‘. 82 — 89.
  12. А.Π”., ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎ Π”. Π’., Π§Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈΠ½ Π’. Π . ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² с ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π”ΠΠš Π² Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Π΅. Π˜Π½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-биологичСскиС Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ (ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Ρ€Π΅Π΄. Π’. А. КняТСва ΠΈ К.Π’. Π‘ΡƒΠ΄Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°). Π“Π­ΠžΠ’ΠΠ -ΠœΠ•Π”, Москва, 2002, с. 166 198.
  13. ΠœΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ здравоохранСния Π Π€. О ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… мСроприятий Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ // ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π· № 109 ΠΎΡ‚ 21 ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π° 2003 Π³.
  14. Π’.Π•., Π—ΡƒΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ² М. Н., Π“ΡƒΠ³ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠ΄Π·Π΅ Π•. Н. Этиология острых ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Ρƒ Π»ΠΈΡ† ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡ‚арчСского возраста//ВСрапСвтичСский Π°Ρ€Ρ…ΠΈΠ². 1990.-Π’. Π—.-Π‘. 30−33.
  15. О ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎ-эпидСмиологичСской обстановкС Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² 2007 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ. // ГосударствСнный Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄. М.: Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ Π³ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ РоспотрСбнадзора. — 2008.
  16. Π“. Π., Π”Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° A.M. Π₯Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎ-масс-спСктромСтричСскоС ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π² Π°Π½Π°ΡΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… процСссах // ВСстник РАМН. 1996. -Π’. 2. — Π‘. 52−59.
  17. М.М. ΠœΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡΡ€Π½ΠΎ-биологичСскиС особСнности вируса Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π° Π’ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΡƒ-Ρ‚Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ Π² Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ… российской Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ // АвторСфСрат диссСртации Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΉ стСпСни ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π° биологичСских Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊ, Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ‚-ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π±ΡƒΡ€Π³, 2007
  18. Π‘.Π’. Π‘Π΅Ρ‚Π°-Π»Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠ°Π·Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ спСктра дСйствия: клиничСскоС Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ // Π˜Π½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π½Ρ‚имикробная тСрапия. 2002. — Π’. 4. — № 6. — Π‘. 23−29.
  19. Π‘.Π’. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ этиотропной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Ρ‹Ρ…Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ // Π˜Π½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π½Ρ‚имикробная тСрапия. 1999. — Π’. 4. — № 1. — Π‘. 4—9.
  20. Π‘.Π’. Π Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ тСрапия // Русский мСдицинский ΠΆΡƒΡ€Π½Π°Π». 1998. — Π’. 6. — № 11.
  21. Бтрачунский J1.C., ΠšΡ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° О. И., РСшСдько Π“. К. ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€. Π§ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ², Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ‚ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² // ΠšΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ микробиология ΠΈ Π°Π½Ρ‚имикробная химиотСрапия. -1999. Π’. 1. — № 1. — Π‘. 31 — 39.
  22. М.Π’. Π Π°ΡΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π° Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ /М.Π’. Π¨ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π° // Π“Π»Π°Π²Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‡. 2005. — № 3. — Π‘. 73−87.
  23. Abeck D., Johnson А.Π ., Grimm W. et al. Plasmid content, serotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Munich in 1987−1988 // Eur J Epidemiol. 1989. -Vol. 5.-P. 170−172.
  24. Abel A., Sanchez S., Arenas J. et al. Bioinformatic analysis of outer membrane proteome of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica // Int Microbiol. 2007. —Vol. 10. — P. 5−11.
  25. Adam H.J., Schurek K.N., Nichol K.A. Molecular characterization of increasing fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Canada, 1997 to 2005 // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. -2007. -Vol. 51. P. 198−207.
  26. Ahmad S., Jaber A.A., Mokaddas E. Frequency of embB codon 306 mutations in ethambutol-susceptible and -resistant clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Kuwait. // Tuberculosis. 2007. -Vol. 87.-P. 123−129.
  27. Ahmad S., Mokaddas E., Jaber A.-A. Rapid detection of ethambutol-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains by PCR-RFLP targeting embB codons 306 and 497 and iniA codon 501 mutations // Mol Cell Probes. 2004. -Vol. 18. -P. 299−306.
  28. Akhras M.S., Unemo M., Thiyagarajan S. et al. Connector inversion probe technology: a powerful one-primer multiplex DNA amplification system for numerous scientific applications // PLoS ONE. -2007.-Vol. 2.-P. e915.
  29. Alangaden G.J., Kreiswirth Π’., Aouad A. et al. Mechanism of resistance to amikacin and kana-mycin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998. — Vol. 42. — P. 12 951 297.
  30. Albrethsen J. Reproducibility in Protein Profiling by MALD1-TOF Mass Spectrometry // Clinical Chemistry. 2007. — Vol. 53. — P. 852−858.
  31. A. Fernardo, Pfyffer G.E., Telenti A. Role of embB in Natural and Acquired Resistance to Ethambutol in Mycobacteria//Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997.-Vol. 41.-P. 2270−2273.
  32. Alexander S., Martin I.M., Fenton K., Ison C.A. The prevalence of proline iminopeptidase negative Neisseria gonorrhoeae throughout England and Wales // Sex Transm Infect. 2006. -Vol. 82. — P. 280−282.
  33. Al-Haroni M., Skaug N., Bakken V., Cash P. Proteomic analysis of ampicillin-resistant oral Fu-sobacterium nucleatum. // Oral Microbiol Immunol. -2008. -Vol. 23. P. 36−42.
  34. Allix-Beguec C., Supply P., Fauville-Dufaux M. Utility of fast mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat genotyping in clinical mycobacteriological analysis // Clin Infect Dis. -2004. -Vol. 39. -P. 783−789.
  35. Anhalt J.P., Fenselau C. Identification of bacteria using mass spectrometry // Analytical Chemistry. -1975. -Vol. 47. -P. 219−225.
  36. Annenkov V.V., Levina A.S., Danilovtseva E.N., et al. Functionalized nanocomposite coating of a glass surface for oligonucleotide immobilization // Bioorg Khim. -2006. -Vol. 32. -P. 511−519.
  37. Anthony R.M., Brown T.J., French G.L. Rapid diagnosis of bacteremia by universal amplification of 23S ribosomal DNA followed by hybridization to an oligonucleotide array // J Clin Microbiol. 2000. -Vol.38.-P. 781−788.
  38. Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in the world. // The WHO/IUATLD Global Project on Antituberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance., 4th global report. 2008.
  39. Araus-Ruiz P., Norder H., Visona K.A., et al. Genotype F prevails in HBV infected patients of hispanic origin in Central America and may carry the precore stop mutant // J Med Virol. -1997. —Vol. 51. -P. 305−312.
  40. Arauz-Ruiz P., Norder H., Robertson B.H., Magnius L.O. Genotype H: a new Amerindian genotype of hepatitis Π’ virus revealed in Central America// J. Gen. Virol. -2002. -Vol. 83. -P. 2059−2073.
  41. Arbique J.C., Poyart C., Trieu-Cuot P. et al. Accuracy of phenotypic and genotypic testing for identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae and description of Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae sp // J Clin Microbiol. 2004. -Vol. 42. -P. 4686−4696.
  42. Arlet G., Philippon A. PCR-based approaches for the detection of bacterial resistance. // G. D. Ehrlich and S. J. Greenberg. PCR-based diagnostics in infectious diseases / Blackwell Scientific Publications. Oxford, United Kingdom. 1994. — P. 665−687.
  43. Ayer V., Tewodros W., Manoharan A., et al. Tetracycline resistance in group a streptococci: emergence on a global scale and influence on multiple-drug resistance // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. -2007.-Vol. 51.-P. 1865−1868.
  44. Backman M., Ruden A.K., Bygdeman S.M., et al. Gonococcal serovar distribution in Stockholm with special reference to multipule infections and infected partners //'Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand. -1985. Vol. 93. — P. 225 — 232.
  45. Balsalobre L., Ferrandiz M.J., Linares J. et al. Viridans group streptococci are donors in horizontal transfer of topoisomerase iv genes to streptococcus pneumoniae // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. -2003. Vol. 47. — P. 2072−2081.
  46. Balsalobre L., Hernandez-Madrid A., Llull D. et al. Molecular characterization of disease-associated streptococci of the mitis group that are optochin susceptible // J Clin Microbiol. 2006. — Vol. 44. — P. 4163−4171.
  47. Banerjee A., Dubnau E., Quemard A., et al. InhA, a gene encoding a target for isoniazid and ethionamide in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. // Science. 1994. — Vol. 263. — P. 227−230.
  48. Banerjee A., Sugantino M., Sacchettini J.C., Jacobs W.R.Jr. The mabA gene from the inhA ope-ron of Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes a 3-ketoacyl reductase that fails to confer isoniazid resistance // Microbiology. 1998. — Vol. 144. -P. 2697−2707.
  49. Barun M., Kurepina N.E., Bifani P.J. and Kreiswirth B.N. Molecular Epidemiology of Tuberculosis: Current Insights // Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2006. — Vol. 19. — P. 658−685.
  50. Baiimert T.F., Rogers S.A., Hasegawa K., Liang T.J. Two Core Promotor Mutations Identified in a Hepatitis Π’ Virus Strain Associated with Fulminant, Hepatitis Result in Enhanced Viral Replication // J Clin Invest. 1996. — Vol. 98. — P. 2268−2276.
  51. Beavis R.C., Chait B.T. Cinnamic acid derivatives as matrices for ultraviolet laser desorption mass spectrometry of proteins // Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. -1989. -Vol. 3. -P.432−435.
  52. Beavis R.C., Chaudhary Π’., Chait B.T. a-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid as a matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry // Org. Mass Spectrom. 1992. — Vol. 27. — P. 156−158.
  53. Behr Π’., Koob C., Schedl M. et al. A nested array of rRNA targeted probes for the detection and identification of enterococci by reverse hybridization // Syst Appl Mycrobiol. 2000. — Vol. 23. — P. 563 572.
  54. Belland R.J., Morrison S.G., Ison C., Huang W.M. Neisseria gonorrhoeae acquires mutations in analogous regions of gyrA and parC in fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates // Mol Microbiol. 1994. — Vol. 14.-P. 371−380.
  55. Ben L.M. van Baar. Characterisation of bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation and electrospray mass spectrometry // FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 2000. — Vol. 24. — P. 193−219.
  56. Bennett J.S., Jolley K.A., Sparling P.F., et al. Species Status of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Evolutionary and Epidemiological Inferences from MLST// BMC Biol. 2007. — Vol. 5. — P. 35
  57. Bergey D.H. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. 9th ed. // Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.-1994.-ISBN.
  58. Berlin K., Ballhause M. and Cardon K. Improved bisulfite conversion of DNA // 2005 Patent PCT/WO/2005/38 051.
  59. Bernardini G., Braconi D., Santucci A. The analysis of Neisseria meningitidis proteomes: reference maps and their applications // Proteomics. 2007. -Vol. 7. -P. 2933−2946.
  60. Bernardini G., Braconi D., Martelli P., Santucci A. Postgenomics of Neisseria meningitidis for vaccines development// Expert Review of Proteomics. -2007. Vol. 4. — P. 667−677.
  61. Bifani P.J., Mathema Π’., Kurepina N.E. and Kreiswirth B.N. Global dissemination of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis W-Beijing family strains// Trend Microbiol. -2002. -Vol. 10. -P. 45 52.
  62. Bilek N., Martin I.M., Bell G. et al. Concordance between Neisseria gonorrhoeae genotypes recovered from known sexual contacts // J Clin Microbiol. -2007. -Vol. 45. -P. 3564−3567.
  63. Bjellqvist Π’., Ek K., Righetti P.G. et al. Isoelectric focusing in immobilized, pH gradients: Principle, methodology and some applications Hi Biochem Biophys Methods. 1982. — Vol. 6. — P. 317−339.
  64. Blumberg B.S., Sutnick A.I., London W.T. Australia antigen and hepatitis-// JAMA. 1969. -Vol. 207.-P. 1895−1896.
  65. Bos M.P., Tommassen J. Biogenesis of the Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane // Current Opinion in Microbiology.-2004.-Vol. 7.-P. 610−616.
  66. Boslego J.W., Tramont E.C., Takafuji E.T. et al. Effect of spectinomycin use on the prevalence of spectinomycin-resistant and penicillinase-producing Neisseria4 gonorrhoeae // N Engl J Med. 1987. -Vol. 317.-P. 272−278.
  67. Bottger E.C. and Springer B. Tuberculosis: drug resistance, fitness, and strategies for global control//Eur J Pediatr. 2008. — Vol. 167.-P. 141−148.
  68. Bouchara J.P., Hsieh H.Y., Croquefer S. et al. Development of an oligonucleotide array for direct detection of fungi in sputum samples from patients with cystic fibrosis // J CliniMicrobiol. — 2009. Vol. 47.-P. 142−152.
  69. Bozdogan Π’., Appelbaum P.C., Kelly L.M. et al. Activity of telithromycin and seven other agents against 1034 pediatric Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from ten central and eastern European centers// Clin Microbiol Infect 2003. — Vol. 9. — P. 653−661.
  70. Brennan P.J. The envelope of mycobacteria. // Ann Rev Biochera. 1995. — Vol. 64. — P. 29−63.236
  71. Brown S.D., Farrell D.J. Antibacterial susceptibility among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from paediatric and adult patients as part of the PROTEKT US study in 2001−2002. // J. Antimicrob Chemother. 2004. — Vol. 54. — P. i23-i29.
  72. Brunham R.C., Plummer F., Slaney L. et al. Correlation of auxotype and protein I type with expression of disease due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae // J Infect Dis. -1985. Vol. 152. — P. 339 — 343.
  73. Bukh J., Purcell R.H. and Miller R.H. Sequence analysis of the 5' noncoding region of hepatitis Π‘ virus // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992. — Vol. 89. -P. 4942−4946.
  74. Bukh J., Purcell R.H., Miller R.H. Sequence analysis of the core gene of the 14 hepatitis Π‘ virus genotypes. // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994. — Vol. 91. — P. 8239−8243.
  75. Bumann D., Jungblut P.R., Meyer T.F. Helicobacter pylori vaccine development based on combined subproteome analysis// Proteomics 2004. — Vol. 4. — P. 2843−2853.
  76. Bygdeman S.M., Mardh P.A., Sandstrom E.G. Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to rifampi-cin and thiamphenicol: correlation with protein I antigenic determinants // Sex Transm Dis. 1984. — Vol. 11.-P. 366−370.
  77. Cannon J.G., Buchanan T.M., Sparling P.F. Confirmation of association of protein I serotype of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with ability to cause disseminated infection // Infect Immun. -1983. Vol. 40. — P. 816−819.
  78. Carapito R., Chesnel L., Vernet T. and Zapun A. Pneumococcal D-Lactam Resistance Due to a Conformational Change in Penicillin-binding Protein 2x. // J Biol Chem. 2006. — Vol. 281. — P. 17 711 777.
  79. Carvalho M.G.S., Steigerwalt A.G., Thompson T. et al. Confirmation of nontypeable Streptococcus pneumoniae-like organisms isolated from outbreaks of epidemic conjunctivitis as Streptococcus pneumoniae. //J Clin Microbiol. -2003. Vol.41. — P. 4415−4417.
  80. Castanheira M., Gales A.C., Mendes R.E., et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Latin America: results from five years of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program // Clin Microbiol Infect 2004. — Vol. 10. — P. 645−651.
  81. Chan H.L., Wong M.L., Hui A.Y. et al. Hepatitis Π’ virus genotype Π‘ takes a more aggressive disease course than hepatitis Π’ virus genotype Π’ in hepatitis Π’ e antigen-positive patients Hi Clin Microbiol. 2003. — Vol. 41. — P. 1277−1279.
  82. Chan S.W., McOmish F., Holmes E.C. et al. Analysis of a new hepatitis Π‘ virus type and its phy-logenetic relationship to existing variants //J Gen Virol. 1992. — Vol. 73. — P. 1131−1141.
  83. Chandler L.J., Reisner B.S., Woods G.L. and Jafri A.K. Comparison of four methods for identifying Streptococcus pneumoniae // Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. -2000. Vol. 37. P. 285−287.
  84. Chee M., Yang R., Hubbell E., et al. Accessing genetic information with high-density DNA arrays // Science. 1996. — Vol. 274, — P. 610−614.
  85. Chen Π‘. C., Teng L. J., Kaiung S., Chang Π’. C. Identification of clinically relevant viridans streptococci by an oligonucleotide array //J Clin Microbiol. -2005. -Vol. 43. -P. 1515−1521.
  86. Cheng V.C., Yew W.W., Yuen K.Y. Molecular diagnostics in tuberculosis. // Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2005. — Vol. 24. — P. 711−720.
  87. Chi F., Nolte O., Bergmann C., lp M., Hakenbeck R. Crossing the barrier: Evolution and spread of a major class of mosaic pbp2x in Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. mitis and S. oralis. // Int J Med Microbiol. 2007. — Vol. 297. — P. 503−512.
  88. Cho J.C., Tiedje J. M. Quantitative detection of mycrobial genes by using DNA // Appl Environ Mycrobiol. 2000. — Vol. 66. — P. 1425−1430.
  89. Choo Q.L., Kuo G., Weiner J. et al. Isolation of cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B hepatitis genome // Science. 1989. — Vol. 244. — P. 359−362.
  90. Chopra I., Roberts M. Tetracycline antibiotics: mode of action, applications, molecular biology, and epidemiology of bacterial resistance // Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. -2001. -Vol. 65. -P. 232−260.
  91. Chouchane S., Lippai 1. and Magliozzo R.S. Catalaseperoxidase (Mycobacterium'tuberculosis KatG) catalysis and isoniazid activation // Biochemistry 2000. — Vol. 39. — P. 9975−9983.
  92. Chung G.T., Yoo J.S., Oh II.B. et al. Complete Genome Sequence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae NCCP11945 // J Bacteriol. -2008. -Vol. 190. -P. 6035−6036.
  93. Claudio P., A. Olivieri, L. Benacchio, C. Scarparo. Current Perspectives on Drug Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex: the Automated Nonradiometric Systems // J Clin Microbiol. 2006. — Vol. 44. — P. 20−28.
  94. Cole J.N., Henningham A., Gillen C.M. et al. Human pathogenic streptococcal proteomics and vaccine development // Proteomics Clin. Appl. 2008. — V. 2. — P. 387110.
  95. Cole S.T., Brosch R., Parkhill J. et al. Deciphering the biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the complete genome sequence // Nature. 1998. -Vol. 393. — P. 537−544.
  96. Connell S.R., Tracz D.M., Nierhaus K.H., Taylor D.E. Ribosomal protection proteins and their mechanism of tetracycline resistance // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. —2003. —Vol. 47. —P. 3675−3681.
  97. Cooksey R.C., Morlock G.P., Mcqueen A. et al. Characterization of streptomycin resistance mechanisms among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from New York City // Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996. — Vol. 40. — P. 1186−1188.
  98. Corkill J.E., Percival A., Lind M. Reduced uptake of ciprofloxacin in a resistant strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and transformation of resistance to other strains // J Antimicrob Chemother. 1991. -Vol. 28.-P. 601−604.
  99. Courvalin P. Genotypic approach to the study of bacterial resistance to antibiotics // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991.-Vol. 35.-P. 1019−1023.
  100. Criswell D., Tobiason V.L., Lodmell J.S., Samuels D.S. Mutations conferring aminoglycoside and spectinomycin resistance in Borrelia burgdorferi // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006. — Vol. 50. .p. 445−452.
  101. Csonka L.N. Physiological and Genetic Responses of Bacteria to Osmotic Stress// Microbiological Reviews. 1989. — Vol. 53. — P. 121−147.
  102. Currie G.J. and Yates J.R. Analysis of oligodeoxynucleotides by negative-ion matrix-assisted la-ser-desorption mass-spectrometiy //J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 1993. — Vol. 4. — P. 955−963.
  103. Cynamon M.H., Klemens S.P. Antimycobacterial activity of a series of pyrazinoic acid esters // J Med Chem. 1992. — Vol. 35. — P. 1212−1215.
  104. Davidson F., Simmonds P., Ferguson J.C., et al. Survey of major genotypes and subtypes of hepatitis Π‘ virus using RFLP of sequences amplified from the 5' non-coding region // J Gen Virol. 1995. -Vol. 76.-P. 1197−1204.
  105. De Barber A.E., Mdluli K., Bosman M. et al. Ethionamide activation and sensitivity in multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000.- - Vol. 97. — P. 9677−9682.
  106. De Castillo M.C., de Saab O.A., de Nader O.M., de Ruiz Holgado A.P. In vitro comparison of disk diffusion and agar dilution antibiotic susceptibility test methods for Neisseria gonorrhoeae // Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1998: -Vol. 93. — P. 517−522.
  107. De Jongh M., Dangor Y., Ison C., Hoosen A. Neisseria gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) of ciprofloxacin resistant isolates of Pretoria, South Africa // J Clin Pathol. 2008. -Vol. 61.-P. 686−687.
  108. Deguchi Π’., Yasuda M., Asano M, et al. DNA gyrase mutations in fluoro-quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995. — Vol. 39. — P.' 561 563.
  109. Dillon J. R, Li H., Yeung K.H., Aman T.A. A PCR assay for discriminating Neisseria gonorrhoeae P-lactamase-producing plasmids // Mol Cell Probes. 1999. — Vol. 13. — P. 89−92.
  110. Distler A.M. and Allison J. 5-MethoxysaIicylic acid and spermine: a new matrix for the matrix-assisted laser, desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis of oligonucleotides // J Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2001. — Vol. 12. — P. 456−462.
  111. Dowson C.G., Jephcott A.E., Gough K.R., Spratt B.G. Penicillin-binding protein 2 genes of non-beta-lactamase-producing, penicillin-resistant strains of Neisseria’gonorrhoeae // Mol Microbiol. 1989. -Vol. 3.-P. 35−41.
  112. Drlica K. and Malik M. Fluoroquinolones: action. and resistance // Curr Top Med Chem. 2003. -Vol. 3.-P. 249−282.
  113. Drobniewski F., Balabanova Y., Nikolayevsky V. et al. Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Clinical Virulence, and the Dominance of the Beijing Strain Family in Russia // JAMA. 2005. -Vol. 293. -P. 2726−2731.
  114. Drummelsmith J., Winstall E., Bergeron M.G. et al. Comparative proteomics analyses reveal a potential biomarker for the detection of vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus strains // J Proteome Res. 2007. — Vol. 6. — P. 4690−4702.
  115. Ecker J.A., Massire C., Hall T.A. et al. Identification of Acinetobacter Species and Genotyping of Acinetobacter baumannii by Multilocus PCR and Mass Spectrometry // J Clin. Microbiol. 2006. — Vol. 44.-P. 2921−2932.
  116. Ecker D.J., Sampath R., Blyn L.B. et al. Rapid identification and strain-typing of respiratory pa- j thogens for epidemic surveillance // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. -2005. -Vol. 102. -P. 8012−8017.
  117. Edwards J.R., Ruparel H., Ju J. Mass-spectrometry DNA sequencing (review) // Mutation Research.-2005. Vol. 573.-P. 3−12.
  118. Edwards S. Balanitis and balanoposthitis: a review. // Genitourinary Medicine. — 1996. — Vol. 72. -P. 155−159.
  119. Elliott B. Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Oligonucleotide Syntheses // Integrated DNA Technologies. — 2005. — Technical bulletin.
  120. Enomoto N., Kurosaki M., Tanaka Y. et al. Fluctuation of hepatitis Π‘ virus quasispecies in persistent infection and interferon treatment revealed by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis // J Gen. Virol. 1994. -Vol. 75. — P. 1361−1369.
  121. EUCAST. http://www.escmid.org/sites/indexf.aspx?par=2.4
  122. Facklam R. What happed to the streptococci: overview of taxonomic and nomenclature changes // Clin. Microbiol. Rev. -2002. Vol. 15. — P. 613−630.
  123. Facklam R., Pigott N. Description of phenotypic characteristics to aid in the identification of Streptococcus pneumonia // A. Totollan. Pathogenic streptococci: present and future. / Lancer Publications, St. Petersburg, 1994.
  124. Farrell D.J., Douthwaite S., Morrissey I. et al. Macrolide Resistance by Ribosomal Mutation in Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from the PROTEKT 1999−2000 Study // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. -2003. Vol. 47. — P. 1777−1783.
  125. Farrell D.J., Morrissey I., Bakker S., et al. Molecular Epidemiology of Multiresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae with Both erm (B) — and’mef (A)-Mediated Macrolide Resistance // J Clin Microbiol. -2004. Vol. 42. — P. 764−768.
  126. Farrell D.J. Evaluation of AMPLICOR Neisseria gonorrhoeae PCR Using cppB Nested PCR and 16S rRNA PCR // J Clin Microbiol. 1999. — Vol. 37. — P. 386−390.
  127. Feavers 1.М., Fox A.J., Gray S. et al. Antigenic diversity of meningococcal outer membrane protein PorA has implications for epidemiological analysis and vaccine design // Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. -1996.-Vol.3.-P. 444−450.
  128. Fei Z., Ono Π’., Smith L.M. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric typing of single nucleotide polymorphisms with mass-tagged ddNTPs // Nucleic Acids Research. -1998. -Vol. 26. -P. 2827−2828.
  129. Felmingham D., Canton R., Jenkins S.G. Regional trends in beta-lactam, macrolide, fluoroquinolone and telithromycin resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates 2001−2004. // J Infect. -2007.-Vol. 55.-P. 111−118.
  130. Fenselau C., Demirev P.A. Characterization of intact microorganisms by MALDI mass spectrometry // Mass Spectr Rev. -2001. Vol. 20. — P. 157−171.
  131. Ferrandiz M.J., Fenoll A., Linares J., De La Campa A.G. Horizontal transfer of parC and gyrA in fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000. — Vol. 44. — P. 840−847.
  132. Francois P, Huyghe A, Charbonnier Y et al. Use of an automated multiple-locus, variable-number tandem repeat-based method for rapid and high-throughput genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus isolates. U J Clin Microbiol -2005. Vol. 43. — P. 3346−3355.
  133. Friedrichs C., Rodloff A.C., Chhatwal G.S. et al. Rapid identification of viridans streptococci by mass spectrometric discrimination // J Clin Microbiol. — 2007. — Vol. 45. — P. 2392−2397.
  134. Frothingham R., Meeker-O'Connell W.A. Genetic diversity in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex based on variable numbers of tandem DNA repeats II Microbiol. -1998. -Vol. 144. -P. 11 891 196.
  135. Fu D.J., Tang K., Braun A. et al. Sequencing exons 5 to 8 of the p53 gene by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry //Nat Biotechnol. 1998. — Vol. 16. — P. 381−384.
  136. Fu Y., Xu S., Pan C. et al. A matrix of 3,4-diaminobenzophenone for the analysis of oligonucleotides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry // Nucleic Acids Research 2006, — Vol. 34. — P. e94.
  137. Fudyk T.C., Maclean I.W., Simonsen J.N. et al. Genetic Diversity and Mosaicism at the por Locus of Neisseria gonorrhoeae // J Bacteriol. 1999. — Vol. 181. — P.5591−5599.
  138. Galimand M., Gerbaund G., Courvalin P. Spectinomycin resistance in Neisseria spp. due to mutations in 16S rRNA// Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000. — Vol. 44. — P. 1365−1366.
  139. Gangadharam P.R., Pratt P.F., Perumal V.K., Iseman M.D. The effects of exposure time, drug concentration, and temperature on the activity of ethambutol versus Mycobacterium tuberculosis// Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990. — Vol. 141. — P. 1478−1482.
  140. Gill M. J., Simjee S., Al-Hattawi K., et al. Gonococcal resistance to p-lactams and tetracycline involves mutation in loop 3 of porin encoded at the penB locus. // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998. -Vol. 42.-P. 2799−2803.
  141. Gillespie D., Spiegelman S. A quantitative assay for DNA-RNA hybrids with DNA immobilized on a membrane // J Molecular Biology. 1965. — Vol.12. — P.829−842.
  142. Global prevalence and incidence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections. Overview and estimates // WHO. 2007. — P: 43.
  143. Glynn J.R., Whiteley J., Bifani P.J. et al. Worldwide occurrence of Beijing/W strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a systematic review // Emerg Infect Dis. -2002. -Vol.8. -P.843−849.
  144. Gohlke R.S. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gas-liquid partition chromatography // Anal Chem. —1959. -Vol. 31.-P. 535−541.
  145. Gohlke R.S., McLafferty F.W. Early gas chromatography/mass spectrometry // J Am Soc. Mass Spectrom. -1993. -Vol. 4. -P. 367−371.
  146. Gonzalez-Peralta R.P., Liu W.Z., Davis G.L. et al. Modulation of hepatitis Π‘ virus quasispecies heterogeneity by interferon-alpha and ribavirin therapy // J Viral Hepat. -1997. -Vol. 4. -P. 99−106.
  147. Gonzalez-Peralta R.P., Qian K.P., She J. Y et al. Clinical implications of viral quasispecies heterogeneity in chronic hepatitis Π‘ // J Med Virol. 1996. -Vol. 49. — P. 242−247.
  148. Goswami M., Jawali N. Glutathione-mediated augmentation of 6-Iactam antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli // J Antimicrob Chemother. -2007. -Vol. 60. -P. 184−185.
  149. Goswami M., Mangoli S.H. and Jawali N. Effects of glutathione and ascorbic acid on streptomycin sensitivity of Escherichia coli // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. -2007. -Vol. 51. -P. 1119−1122.
  150. Goswami M., Mangoli S.H., Jawali N. Involvement of reactive oxygen species in the action of ciprofloxacin against Escherichia coli // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. -2006. -Vol. 50. -P. 949−954.
  151. Gould R.G. Glutathione as an essential growth factor for certain strains of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae //J Biological Chemistry. -1944. -P. 143 150.
  152. Grissa I., Bouchon P., Pourcel C., Vergnaud G. On-line resources for bacterial micro-evolution studies using MLVA or CRISPR typing // Biochimie. -2008. -Vol. 90. -P. 660−668.
  153. Gryadunov D., Mikhailovich V., Lapa S. et al. Evaluation of hybridisation on oligonucleotide microarrays for analysis of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis // Clin Microb Infect. -2005. -Vol.11.-P. 531−539.
  154. Haag A.M., Taylor S.N., Johnston K. H, Cole R.B. Rapid identification and speciation of Haemophilus bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry // J Mass Spectrom. -1998. -Vol. 33. -P. 750−756.
  155. Hafner R., Cohn J.A., Wright D.J. et al. Early bactericidal activity of isoniazid in pulmonary tuberculosis // Am J Respir Crit Care Med. -1997. -Vol. 156. -P. 918−923.
  156. Hagman K.E., Pan W., Spratt B.G. et al. Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antimicrobial hydrophobic agents is modulated by the mtrRCDE efflux system // Microbiology. -1995. -Vol. 141. -P. 611−622.
  157. Hail M.E., Elliott B. and Anderson A. High-throughput analysis of oligonucleotides using automated electrospray ionization mass spectrometry // Am Biotech Lab. -2004. —Vol. 22. -P. 12−14.
  158. Hartmer R., Storm N., Boecker S. et al. RNase T1 mediated base-specific cleavage and MALDI-TOF MS for high-throughput comparative sequence analysis // Nucleic Acids Research. -2003. -Vol.31. -P. e47.
  159. Hayashi J., Ohmiya M., Kishihara Y. et al. A statistical analysis of predictive factors of response to human lymphoblastoid interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis Π‘ // Am J Gastroenter. -1994. -Vol. 89.-P.2151−2156.
  160. Hayashi J., Kishihara Y., Yoshimura E. et al. Relationship of genotype to level of hepatitis Π‘ vi-raemia determined by competitive polymerase chain reaction // J Infect. -1995. —Vol. 30. -P. 235−239.
  161. Hazbon M.H., Brimacombe M., Bobadilla del Valle M. Population Genetics Study of Isoniazid Resistance Mutations and Evolution of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. -2006. -Vol. 50. -P. 2640−2649.
  162. Heym Π’., Stavropoulos E., llonore N. et al. Effects of Overexpression of the Alkyl Hydroperoxide Reductase AhpC on the Virulence and Isoniazid Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis // lnflm-mun.-1997. -Vol. 65.-P. 1395−1401.
  163. Hill C., Cotter P.D., Sleator R.D., Gahan C.G.M. Bacterial stress response in Listeria monocytogenes: jumping the hurdles imposed by minimal processing // International Dairy Journal. -2002. -Vol.12.-P.273−283.
  164. Hill C. S. Gen-Probe Transcription-Mediated Amplification: System Principles // Gen-Probe Incorporated. — 1996.
  165. Hiller K., Schobert M., Hundertmark C. et al. JVirGel: calculation of virtual two-dimensional protein gels //Nucleic Acids Res. -2003. -Vol. 31. -P. 3862−3865.
  166. Hobbs M.M., Alcorn T.M., Davis R.H. et al. Molecular typing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae causing repeated infections: evolution of porin during passage within a coMMunity // J Infect Dis. -1999. -Vol. 179.-P. 371−381.
  167. Hodinka R.L. The clinical utility of viral quantitation using molecular methods// Clin Diagn Virol.-1998.-Vol. 10.-P. 25−47.
  168. Hofstadle S.A., Cummins L.L. Method for rapid purification of nucleic acid for subsequent analysis by mass spectrometry by solution capture // Partent Application Publication. 2005. β„–: US 2005/164 215 Al.
  169. Hofstadle S.A., Sampath R., Blyn L.B. et al. TIGER: the universal biosensor // International Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 2005. -Vol. 242. -P. 2311.
  170. Holland J.J., De La Torre J.C., Steinhauer D.A. RNA virus populations as quasispecies // Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1992. -Vol. 176. — P. 1−20.
  171. Honisch C., Chen Y., Mortimer C. et al. Automated comparative sequence analysis by base-specific cleavage and mass spectrometry for nucleic acid-based microbial typing // Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. -2007.-Vol. 104.-P. 10 649−10 654.
  172. Ilina E.N., Malakhova M.V., Generozov E.V. et al. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization -Time of Flight (Mass Spectrometry) for Hepatitis Π‘ Virus Genotyping // J Clin Microbiol. -2005. -Vol. 43.-P.2810−2815.
  173. Inoue M., Farrell D.J., Kaneko K. et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens in Japan during PROTEKT years 1−5 (1999−2004) // Microb Drug Resist. -2008. -Vol. 14. -P. 109−17.
  174. Inoue M., Lee N.Y., Hong S.W. et al. PROTEKT 1999−2000: a multicentre study of the antibiotic susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens in Hong Kong, Japan and South Korea // lnt J Antimicrob Agents. -2004. -Vol. 23. -P. 44−51.
  175. Interim recommendations for the surveillance of drug resistance in tuberculosis. // WHO document. 2007.
  176. Ito M., Deguchi Π’., Mizutani K.S. et al. Emergence and spread of Neisseria gonorrhoeae clinical isolates harboring mosaic-like structure of penicillin-binding protein 2 in central Japan // Antimicrob Agents Chemother.-2005.-Vol. 49.-P. 137−143.
  177. Ito Π’., Mukaigawa J., Zuo J. et al. Cultivation of hepatitis Π‘ virus in primary hepatocyte culture from patients with chronic hepatitis Π‘ results in release of high titre infectious virus // J Gen Virol. — 1996.-Vol. 77.-P. 1043−1054.
  178. Jacoby G.A., Walsh K.E., Mills D.M. et al. qnrB, Another Plasmid-Mediated Gene for Quinolone Resistance // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006. -Vol. 50. — P. 1178−1182.
  179. Janoir C., Zeller V., Kitzis M.D. et al. High-level fluoroquinolone-resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae requires mutations in parC and gyrA // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996. — Vol. 40. -P. 2760−2764.
  180. Jiao W., Mokrousov I., Sun G. et al. Evaluation of New Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Systems for Typing Mycobacterium tuberculosis with Beijing Genotype Isolates from Beijing, China // J Clin Microbiol. 2008. -Vol. 46. -P. 1045−1049.
  181. Jolley K. A., Feil E.J., Chan M.S., Maiden M.C. Sequence type analysis and recombinational tests (START) // Bioinform. 2001. -Vol. 17. — P. 1230−1231.
  182. Kamerbeek J., Schouls L., Kolk A. Simultaneous detection and strain differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for diagnosis and epidemiology //J Clin Microbiol. 1997. — Vol. 35. — P. 907−914.
  183. Kao J.H., Chen P.J., Lai M.Y., Chen D.S. Hepatitis Π’ genotypes correlate with clinical outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis Π’ // Gastroenterology. 2000. — Vol. 118. — P. 554−559.
  184. Kao J.H., Wu N.H., Chen P.J. et al. Hepatitis Π’ genotypes and’the response to interferon therapy // J Hepatol. 2000. — Vol. 33. — P. 998−1002.
  185. Karas M.", Hillenkamp F. Laser desorption ionization of proteins with molecular masses exceeding 10 000 daltons H Anal Chem. 1988. — Vol. 60. — P. 2299- 2301.
  186. Kawamura Y., Whiley R-.A., Shu S.-E. et al. Genetic approaches to the identification of the mitis group within the genus Streptococcus // Microbiology. 1999. — Vo. 145. — P. 2605−2613.
  187. Kearns A.M., Wheeler J., Freeman R. et al. Pneumolysin detection identifies atypical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae // J Clin Microbiol. 2000. — Vol. 38. — P. 1309−1310.
  188. Kehrenberg C., Schwarz S. Mutations in 16S rRNA and ribosomal protein S5 associated with high-level spectinomycin resistance in Pasteurella multocida // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007. -Vol. 51.-P. 2244−2246.
  189. Kelley C.L., Rouse D.A., Morris S.L. Analysis of ahpC Gene Mutations in Isoniazid-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997. -Vol. 41. — P. 2057−2058.
  190. Keys C.J., Dare D.J., Sutton H. et al. Compilation of a MALDI-TOF mass spectral database for the rapid screening and characterisation of bacteria implicated in human infectious diseases // Infect Genet Evol. 2004. — Vol.- 4. — P: 221−242.
  191. Kidd-Ljunggren K., Miyakawa Y., Kidd A.H. Genetic variability in hepatitis Π’ viruses // J Gen Virol. 2002. — Vol! 83. — P. 1267−1280.
  192. Kim H. J., Park S. H., Lee Π’. H. et al. Microarray detection of food-borne pathogens using specific probes prepared by comparative genomics // Biosens Bioelectron. 2008. -Vol. 24. — P. 238−246.
  193. Kim S.J. Drug-susceptibility testing in tuberculosis: methods and reliability of results // Eur Res-pir J. 2005. — Vol. 25. — P. 564−569.
  194. Kinter M., Sherman N.E. Protein Sequencing and Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry / New York: Wiley-Interscience- 2000.
  195. Kirpekar F., Nordhoff E., Kristiansen K. et al. 7-Deaza purine bases offer a higher ion stability in the analysis of DNA by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry // Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 1995. — Vol. 9. — P. 525 — 531.
  196. Kirpekar F., Nordhoff E., Kristiansen K. et al. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of enzymatically synthesized RNA up to 150 kDa // Nucleic Acids Res. 1994. — Vol. 22. -P. 3866−3870.
  197. Kirpekar F., Nordhoff E., Larsen L.K. et al. DNA sequence analysis by MALDI mass spectrometry // Nucleic Acids Research. 1998. -Vol. 26. — P. 2554−2559.
  198. Kirschberg O., Schuttler C., Repp R., Schaefer S. A multiplex-PCR to identify hepatitis Π’ virus genotypes A-F // J Clin Virol. 2004. -Vol. 29. — P. 39−43.
  199. Kirthi N, Roy-Chaudhuri B, Kelley T, Culver GM. A novel single amino acid change in small subunit ribosomal protein S5 has profound effects on translational fidelity. // RNA. 2006. — Vol. 12. -P. 2080−2091.
  200. Knapp J.S., Tam M.R., Nowinski R.C. et al. Serological classification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with use of monoclonal antibodies to gonococcal outer membrane protein I // J Infect Dis. 1984. — Vol. 150.-P. 44−48.
  201. Koh Π’.Н., Sng L.-H., Babini G.S. et al. Hall Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Singapore Producing IMP-1 b-Lactamase and Lacking an Outer Membrane Protein // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. -2001. -Vol. 45. -P. 1939−1940.
  202. Kremer K., Glynn J.R., Lillebaek T. et al. Definition of the Beijing/W lineage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on the basis of genetic markers // J Clin Microbiol. -2004. -Vol. 42. -P. 4040−4049.
  203. Kumar M.P., Vairamani M., Raju R.P. et al. Rapid discrimination between strains of beta haemo-lytic streptococci by intact cell mass spectrometry // Indian J Med Res. 2004. — Vol. 119. — P. 283−288.
  204. Kumar S., Tamura K., Nei M. MEGA3: Integrated software for Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment // Brief Bioinform. -2004. Vol. 5. — P.150−163.
  205. Lapierre P., Huletsky A., Fortin V. et al. Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection of Fluoroquinolone Resistance Associated with grlA Mutations in Staphylococcus aureus // J Clin Microbiol. 2003. — Vol. 41.-P. 3246−3251.
  206. Larsen M.H., Vilcheze C., Kremer L. et al. Overexpression of inhA, but’not kasA, confers resistance to isoniazid and ethionamide in Mycobacterium smegmatis, M. bovis BCG and M. tuberculosis // Molec Microbiol. 2002. -Vol 46. — P. 453−466.
  207. Laszlo A., Gill P., Handzel V. et al. Conventional and radiometric drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex// J Clin Microbiol. 1983. -Vol. 18. -P. 1335−1339.
  208. Lavender Π‘., Globan M., Sievers A. et al. Molecular Characterization of Isoniazid-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates Collected in Australia // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005. -Vol. 49. — P.4068—4074.
  209. Lay J.O.Jr. MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry of Bacteria // Mass Spectr Rev. 2001. — Vol. 20. -P. 172−194.
  210. Le Fleche P., Fabre M., Denoeud F. et al. High resolution, on-line identification of strains from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex based on tandem repeat typing // BMC Microbiol. 2002. -Vol. 2. -P. 37−49.
  211. Le Fleche P., Hauck Y., Onteniente L. et al. A tandem repeats database for bacterial genomes: application to the genotyping of Yersinia pestis and Bacillus anthracis // BMC Microbiology. 2001. -Vol. 1.-P.2.
  212. Le Guillou-Guillemette H., Vallet S., Gaudy-Graffin C. et al. Genetic diversity of the hepatitis Π‘ virus: impact and issues in the antiviral therapy // World J Gastroenterol. 2007. -Vol. 13. -P. 24 162 426.
  213. Lee J.H., Stripf Π’., Roth W.K., Zeuzem S. Non-isotopic detection of hepatitis Π‘ virus quasispe-cies by single strand conformation polymorphism // J Med Virol. 1997. -Vol. 53. — P. 245−251.
  214. Lee A.S.G., Teo A.S.M. and Wong S.Y. Novel mutations in ndh in isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001.- Vol. 45. — P. 2157−2159.
  215. Lee A.S., Othman S.N., Ho Y. M'. and Wong S.Y. Novel mutations within the embB gene in ethambutol-susceptible clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004. — Vol. 48. — P. 4447−4449.
  216. Lee H.Y., Myoung H.J., Bang H.E. et al. Mutations in the embB locus among Korean clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to ethambutol // Yonsei Med J. 2002. — Vol. 43. — P. 59−64.
  217. Lefmann M., Honisch C., Bocker S. et al. Novel mass spectrometry-based tool for genotypic identification of mycobacteria // J Clin Microbiol. 2004. — Vol. 42. — P. 339−346.
  218. Lei Π’., Wei C.J. and Tu S.C. Action mechanism of antitubercular isoniazid. Activation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis KatG, isolation, and characterization of InhA inhibitor // J Biol Chem. 20 002. — Vol. 75. — P. 2520−2526.
  219. Levin M. E, Hatfull G.F. Mycobacterium smegmatis RNA polymerase: DNA supercoiling, action of rifampicin and mechanism of rifampicin resistance // Mol Microbiol. 1993. — Vol. 8. — P. 277−285.
  220. Li Z., Yokoi S., Kawamura Y. et al. Rapid detection of quinolone resistance-associated gyrA mutations in Neisseria gonorrhoeae with a LightCycler // J Infect Chemother. 2002. — Vol. 8. — P. 145 150.
  221. Liang T.J., Hasegawa K., Rimon N. et al. A hepatitis Π’ virus mutant associated with an epidemic of fulminant hepatitis //New England Journal of Medicine. 1991. -Vol. 324. — P. 1705−1709.
  222. Liao M., Helgeson S., Gu W.-M. et al. Comparison of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Multiantigen Sequence Typing and porB Sequence Analysis for Identification of Clusters of N. gonorrhoeae Isolates // J Clin Microbiol. 2009. -Vol. 47. — P. 489 — 491.
  223. Lindbiick E., Islam S., Unemo M. et al. Transformation of ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae gyrA, parE and porBlb genes // lnt J Antimicrob Agents. 2006. — Vol. 28. — P. 206−211.
  224. Lindenbach B.D., Evans M.J., Syder A.J. et al. Rice complete replication of hepatitis Π‘ virus in cell culture // Science. 2005. — Vol. 309. — P. 623−626.
  225. Lindh M., Gonzalez J.E., Norkrans G., Horal P.' Genotyping of hepatitis Π’ virus by restriction pattern analysis of a pre-S amplicon // J Virol Methods. 1998. — Vol. 72. — P. 163−174.
  226. Lindh M., Hannoun C., Dhillon A.P. et al. Core promoter mutations and genotypes in relation to viral replication and liver damage in East Asian hepatitis Π’ virus carriers // J Infect Dis. 1999. — Vol. 179.-P. 775−782.
  227. Lindroos K., Liljedahl U., Raitio M., Syvanen A.C. Minisequencing on oligonucleotide microar-rays: comparison of immobilisation chemistries // Nucleic Acids Res. 2001. -Vol. 29 — P. e69.
  228. Little D.P., Thannhauser T.W., McLafferty F.W. Verification of 50- to 100-mer DNA and RNA sequences with high-resolution mass spectrometry // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995. — Vol. 92. — P. 2318−2322.
  229. Luna V.A., Cousin S., Whittington W.L.Jr. and Roberts M.C. Identification of the conjugativemef gene in clinical Acinetobacter junii and Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates // Antimicrob Agents Chermother. 2000. — Vol. 44. — P. 2503−2506.
  230. Lunel F., Cresta P., Vitour D. et al. Comperetive evolution of hepatitis Π‘ virus RNA quantitation by branched DNA, NASBA and monitor assay// Hepatology. -1999. -Vol. 29. P. 528−535.
  231. Lynn E.C., Chung M.C., Tsai W.C., Han C.C. Identification of Enterobacteriaceae-Bacteria by Direct Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/ionization Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Whole Cells // Rapid Comm Mass Spectrom. 1999. — Vol. 13. — P. 2022−2027. Β¦ 7
  232. Mager D.L., Ximenez-Fyvie L.A., Haffajee A.D. and Socransky S.S. Distribution of selected bacterial species on intraoral surfaces // J Clin Periodontal. 2003. — Vol. 30. — P. 644−654.
  233. Maggi F., Fornai C., Vatteroni M.L. et al. Differences in hepatitis Π‘ virus quasispecies composition between liver, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma // J Gen Virol. — 1997. -Vol. 78. P. 1521−1525.
  234. Magnius L.O. and Norder H. Subtypes, genotypes and molecular epidemiology of the hepatitis Π’ virus as reflected by sequence variability of the S-gene // Intervirology. -1995. -Vol. 38. -P. 24−34.
  235. Maiden M.C., Bygraves J.A., Feil E. et al. Multilocus sequence typing: A portable approach to the identification of clones within populations of pathogenic microorganisms // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.- 1998. Vol. 95.-P. 3140−3145.
  236. Maier Π’., Klepel S., Renner U., and Kostrzewa M. Fast and reliable MALDI-TOF MS-based microorganism identification II Nature Methods, Nature Publishing Group. Application notes. — 2006.
  237. Markiewicz Z., Tomasz A. Variation in pcnicillin-binding proteins of penicillin-resistant clinical isolates of pneumococci // J Clin Microbiol. 1989. -Vol. 27.- P. 405−410.
  238. Marshall D.J., Heisler L.M., Lyamichev V. et al. Determination of hepatitis Π‘ virus genotypes in the United States by cleavase fragment length polymorphism analysis // J Clin Microbiol. 1997. — Vol. 35.-P. 3156−3162.
  239. Martin C.J. Maiden Population genomics: diversity and virulence in the Neisseria // Curr Opin Microbiol. 2008. — Vol. 11. — P. 467−471.
  240. Martin I., Foreman E., Hall V. et al. Non-cultural detection and molecular genotyping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from a piece of clothing // J Med Microbiol. 2007. -Vol. 56. — P. 487−490.
  241. Martin 1., Ison C., Aanensen D. et al. Rapid sequence-based identification of gonococcal transmission clusters in a large metropolitan area // J Infect Dis. 2004. -Vol. 189. — P. 1497−1505.
  242. Marttila H.J., Soini H., Huovinen P. and Viljanen M.K. katG Mutations in Isoniazid-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates Recovered from Finnish Patients II Antimicrob Agents Chemother.- 1996. -Vol. 40.-P. 2187−2189.
  243. Masip L., Veeravalli K., Georgiou G. The Many Faces of Glutathione in Bacteria // Antioxid Redox Signal. 2006. -Vol. 8. — P. 753−762.
  244. Maurer P., Koch B. and Hakenbeck R. Penicillin-binding Protein 2x of Streptococcus pneumoniae: Three New Mutational Pathways for Remodelling an Essential Enzyme into a Resistance Determinant//J Mol Biol.-2008.-Vol. 376.-P. 1403−1416.
  245. Mazars E., Lesjean S., Banuls A.-L. et al. High-resolution minisatellite-based typing as a portable approach to global analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis molecular epidemiology // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.-2001.-Vol. 98.-P. 1901−1906.
  246. McAvin J.C., Reilly P.A. and Lohman K.L. Sensitive and specific method for rapid identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae using real-time fluorescence PCR // J Clin Microbiol. 2001. — Vol. 39. -P.3446−3451.
  247. McCammon M.T., Gillette J.S., Thomas D.P. Detection of rpoB mutations associated with rifampin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis // Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. -2005. -Vol. 49. -P. 2200−2209.
  248. McLuckey S.A., Habibi-Goudarzi S. Ion Trap Tandem Mass Spectrometry Applied to Small Multiply Charged Oligonucleotides with a Modified Base // J Am Sot Mass Spectrom. 1994. — Vol. 5. — P. 740−747.
  249. Mikusova K., Slayden R.A., Besra G.S. and Brennan P.J. Biogenesis of the mycobacterial cell wall and the site of action of ethambutol 11 Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995. — Vol. 39. — P. 24 842 489.
  250. Miller L. P, Crawford J. T, Shinnick T.M. The rpoB gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994. — Vol. 38. — P. 805−811.
  251. Mizokami M., NakanoT., Orito E. et al. Hepatitis Π’ virus genotype assignment using restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns // FEBS Lett. 1999. — Vol. 450. — P. 66−71.
  252. Moazed D., Noller H.F. Interaction of antibiotics with functional sites in 16S ribosomal RNA // Nature. 1987. — Vol. 327. — P. 389−394.
  253. Mokrousov I., Bhanu N.V. and Schouls L.M. Multicenter evaluation of reverse line blot assay for detection of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates // J Microbiol Methods. -2004. Vol. 57. — P. 323−335.
  254. Mokrousov I., Narvskaya O., Limeschenko E. et al. Detection of ethambutol-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains by multiplex Allele-Specific PCR assay targeting embB306 mutations // J Clin Microb. -2002. -Vol. 40. -P. 1617−1720.
  255. Moonan P.K., Bayona M., Quitugua T.N. et al. Using GIS technology to identify areas of tuberculosis transmission and incidence // International Journal of Health Geographies. 2004. — Vol. 3. — P. 23.
  256. Morozov V.M., Pisareva M.M., Groudinin M.P. Homologous recombination between different genotypes of hepatitis Π’ virus // GENE. 2000. — Vol. 260. — P. 55−65.
  257. Morrison K.E., Lake D., Crook J. et al. Confirmation of psaA in all 90 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae by PCR and potential of this assay for identification and diagnosis // J Clin Microbiol. -2000. Vol. 38. — P. 434−437.
  258. Morrissey I., George J. Activities of Fluoroquinolones against Streptococcus pneumoniae Type II Topoisomerases Purified as Recombinant Proteins // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999. — Vol. 43. -P. 2579−2585.
  259. Morse S.A., Johnson S.R., Biddle J.W. and Roberts M.C. High-level tetracycline resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is result of acquisition of streptococcal tetM determinant // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1986. — Vol. 30. — P. 664−670.
  260. Mouz N., Di Guilmi A.M., Gordon E. et al. Mutations in the active site of penicillin-binding protein PBP2x from Streptococcus pneumoniae. Role in the specificity for p-lactam antibiotics // J Biol Chem. 1999,-Vol. 274.-P. 19 175−19 180.
  261. Mullis K., Faloona F., Scharf S. et al. Specific enzymatic amplification of DNA in vitro: the polymerase chain reaction. 1986II Biotechnology. 1992. -Vol. 24. — P. 17−27.
  262. Mundy L.S., Janoff E.N., Schwebke K.E. et al. Ambiguity in the identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Optochin, bile solubility, Quellung, and the AccuProbe DNA probe tests // Am J Clin Pathol. 1998. — Vol. 109. — P. 55−61.
  263. Munoz R., Fenoll A., Vicioso D., Casal J. Optochin-resistant variants of Streptococcus pneumonia// Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1990. — Vol. 13. — P. 63−66.
  264. Naito H., Hayashi S., Abe K. The entire nucleotide sequence of two hepatitis G virus isolates belonging to a novel genotype: isolation in Myanmar and Vietnam // J Gen Virol. 2000. -Vol. 81. — P. 189−194.
  265. Navas S., Martin J., Quiroga J.A. et al. Genetic diversity and tissue compartmentalization of the hepatitis Π‘ virus genome in blood mononuclear cells, liver, and serum from chronic hepatitis Π‘ patients // J Virol. 1998. — Vol. 72. — P. 1640−1646.
  266. NCCLS. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing- ninth informational supplement M100-S9. 1999. — Vol. 19. -N. 1.
  267. Ndiweni D. and Klugman K.P. Altered PBP 2A and Its Role in the Development of Penicillin, Cefotaxime, and Ceftriaxone Resistance in a Clinical Isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae II Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005. — Vol. 49. — P. 2002−2007.
  268. Ng L.K., Martin I., Liu G., Bryden L. Mutation in 23S rRNA Associated with Macrolide Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002. — Vol. 46. — P. 3020−3025.
  269. Nicholas R.A., Zhao S., Tomberg J., Unemo M., Davies C. Genetics of intermediate resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Neisseria gonorrhoeae P054 II 16th International Pathogenic Neisseria Conference.- 2008. Abstract book.
  270. Nikaido H. Multiple antibiotic resistanse and efflux // Current opinion of microbiology. 1998. -Vol. 1.- P. 516−523.
  271. Nikolayevsky V., Brown Π’., Balabanova Y. et al. Detection of Mutations Associated with Isoniazid and Rifampin Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Samara Region, Russian Federation // JCM. 2004. -Vol. 42. — P. 4498−4502.
  272. Nordhoff E., Cramer R., Karas M. et al. Ion stability of nucleic acids in infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry //Nucleic Acids Res. 1993. -Vol. 21.- P. 3347−3357.
  273. Nordhoff E., Luebbert C., Thiele G. et al. Rapid determination of short DNA sequences by the use of MALDI-MS // Nucleic Acids Research. 2000. — Vol. 28. — P. 86−92.
  274. Nordor H., Courouce A.M., Magnius L.O. Molecular basis of hepatitis Π’ virus serotype variations within the four major subtypes//J General Virology. 1992. -Vol. 73. — P. 3141−3145.
  275. Nordor H., Couroucee A.M. and Magnius L.O. Complete genomes, phylogenetic relatedness, and structural proteins of six strains of the hepatitis Π’ virus, four of which represent two new genotypes // Virology. 1994. — Vol. 198. — P. 489−503.
  276. Null A.P., Hannis J.C. and Muddiman D.C. Genotyping of simple and compound short tandem repeat loci using electrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry // Anal Chem. 2001. — Vol. 73. — P. 4514−4521.
  277. O’Neill A.M., Gillespie S.H. and Whiting G. C. Detection of penicillin susceptibility in Streptococcus pneumoniae by pbp2b PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis // J Clin Microbiol. 1999. -Vol.37.-P. 157−160.
  278. Obregon V., Garcia P., Garcia E. Et al. Molecular peculiarities of the lytA gene isolated from clinical pneumococcal strains that are bile insoluble // J Clin Microbiol. 2002. — Vol. 40. — P. 25 452 554.
  279. O’Farrell P.Z., Goodman H.M. and O’Farrell P.H. High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of basic as well as acidic proteins // Cell. 1977. — Vol. 12. — P. 1133−1142.
  280. O’Farrell P.H., O’Farrell P.Z. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic fractionation // Methods in Cell Biol. 1977. — Vol." 16. — P. 407.
  281. Ohno H., Koga H., Kohno S. et al. Relationship between rifampin MICs for and rpoB mutations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in Japan // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996. — Vol. 40.-P. 1053−1056.
  282. Okamoto H., Kojima M., Sakamoto M. et al. The entire nucleotide sequence and classification of a hepatitis Π‘ virus isolate of a novel genotype from an Indonesian patient with chronic liver disease // J Gen Virol. 1994. — Vol. 75. — P. 629−635.
  283. Okamoto H., Sugiyama Y., Okada S. et al. Typing hepatitis Π‘ virus by polymerase chain reaction with type-specific primers: application to clinical surveys and tracing infectious sources // J Gen Virol. -1992.-Vol. 73.-P. 673−679.
  284. Okuda M., Hino К., Korenaga M. et al. Differences in hypervariable region 1 quasispecies of hepatitis Π‘ virus in human serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and liver // Hepatology. 1999. -Vol. 29.-P. 217−222.
  285. Olsen Π’., Hadad R., Fredlund H., Unemo M. The Neisseria gonorrhoeae population in Sweden during 2005-phenotypes, genotypes and antibiotic resistance // АРМ IS. -2008. Vol. 116. — P. 181−189.
  286. Pagliero E., Chesnel L., Hopkins J. et al. Biochemical characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae penicillin-binding protein 2b and its implication in beta-lactam resistance // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004. — Vol. 48. — P. 1848−1855.
  287. Pagotto F., Aman Π’., Ng L.-K. et al. Sequence analysis of the family of penicillinase-producing plasmids of Neisseria gonorrhoeae based on DNA sequencing // Plasmid. 2000. — Vol. 43. — P. 24−34.
  288. Palmer H.M., Young H., Graham C. and Dave J. Prediction of antibiotic resistance using Neisseria gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing // Sex. Transm. Inf. 2008. — Vol. 84 — P. 280−284.
  289. Palmer H.M., Leeming J.P., Turner A. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction to differentiate p-lactamase plasmids of Neisseria gonorrhoeae // J Antimicrob Chemoter. 2000. -Vol. 45. — P. 777−782.
  290. Pan X.S., Fisher L.M. Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV: overex-pression, purification, and differential inhibition by fluoroquinolones // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. -1999.-Vol. 43.-P. 1129−1136.
  291. Pan C., Xu S., Zhou II. et al. Recent developments in methods and technology for analysis of biological samples by MALDI-TOF-MS // Anal Bioanal Chem. -2007. -Vol. 387. -P. 193−204.
  292. Paris M. and Jones M.G.K. Microsatellite genotyping by primer extension and MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry // Plant Molecular Biology Reporter. 2002. — Vol. 20. — P. 259−263.
  293. Parsons L.M., Salfinger M., Clobridge A. Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates Resistant to both Isoniazid and Ethambutol// Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005. -Vol. 49. -P. 2218−2225.
  294. Payungporn S., Tangkijvanich P., Jantaradsamee P. et al. Simultaneous quantitation and genotyping of hepatitis Π’ virus by real-time PCR and melting curve analysis // Journal of Virological Methods. -2004. — Vol. 120.-P. 131−140.
  295. Persing D.H., Relman D.A., Tenover F.C. Genotypic detection of antimicrobial resistance // D. H. Persing. PCR protocols for emerging infectious diseases / ASM Press, Washington, D.C., 1996.
  296. Pestova E., Millichap J.J., Noskin G.A., Peterson L.R. Intracellular targets of moxifloxacin: a comparison with other fluoroquinolones // J Antimicrob Chemother. 2000. -Vol. 45. — P. 583−590.
  297. Phillips G., Barker R. and Brogan O. Optochin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae // Lancet. -1988. — P. П281.
  298. Piddock L.J.V. Clinically Relevant Chromosomally Encoded Multidrug Resistance Efflux Pumps in Bacteria // Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2006. — Vol. 19. — P. 382−402.
  299. Piddock L.J.V., Johnson M.M., Simjee S., Pumbwe L. Expression of efflux pump gene pmrA in fluoroquinolone-resistant and -susceptible clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae // Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy. 2002. -Vol. 46. — P. 808−812.
  300. Piersimoni C., Olivieri A., Benacchio L. and Scarparo C. Current Perspectives on Drug Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex: the Automated Nonradiometric Systems // JCM. 2006. -Vol. 44. — P. 20−28.
  301. Pignone M., Greth K.M., Cooper J. et al. Identification of Mycobacteria by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry // J Clin Microbiol. 2006. — Vol. 44. — P. 1963−1970.
  302. Pikis A., Campos J.M., Rodriguez W.J. and Keith J.M. Optochin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: mechanism, significance and clinical implications // J Infect Dis. 2001. -Vol. 184. — P. 582−590.
  303. Pitarch A., Abian J., Carrascal M., et al. Proteomics-based identification of novel Candida albicans antigens for diagnosis of systemic candidiasis in patients with underlying hematological malignancies // Proteomics. 2004. — Vol. 4. — P. 3084−3106.
  304. Plinke C., Riisch-Gerdes S., Niemann S. Significance of mutations in embB codon 306 for prediction of ethambutol resistance in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates// Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006. -Vol. 50. -P. 1900−1902.
  305. Poh C.L., Lau Q.C., Chow V.T. Differentiation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae IB-3 and IB-7 serovars by direct sequencing of protein IB gene and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis // J. Med. Microbiol. 1995. -Vol 43.-P. 201−207.
  306. Poole K. Efflux-mediated resistance to fluoroquinolones in gram-negative bacteria // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000. — Vol. 44. — P. 2233−2241.
  307. Posada G.D., Crandall K.A., Nguyen M. et al. Population Genetics of the porB Gene of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Different Dynamics in Different Homology // Mol. Biol. Evol. 2000. -Vol. 17. — P. 423 -436.
  308. Poynten M., Andresen D.N., Gottlieb T. Laboratory cross-contamination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: an investigation and analysis of causes and consequences // Intern Med J. 2002. -Vol. 32. -P. 511−512.
  309. Purcell R. The hepatitis Π‘ virus: Overview // Hepatology. 1997. -Vol. 26. — Suppl 1. — P. 1 ISMS
  310. Ragoussis J, Elvidge GP, Kaur K, Colella S. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation, time-of-flight mass spectrometry in genomics research // PLoS Genet. -2006. Vol. 2. — P. el00.
  311. Ramaswamy S.V., Reich R., Dou S.-J., et al. Graviss Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Genes Associated with Isoniazid Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. -2003. -Vol. 47. P. 1241−1250.
  312. Ramaswamy S.V., Amin A.G., Goksel S. et al. Molecular genetic analysis of nucleotide polymorphisms associated with ethambutol resistance in human isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000. — Vol. 44. — P. 326−336.
  313. Ray K., BalaM., Kumari S. and Narain J.P. Antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in selected World Health Organization Southeast Asia Region countries: an overview // Sex Transm Dis. -2005. -Vol. 32. P. 178−84.
  314. Ray S.C., Wang Y.M., Laeyendecker O. et al. Acute hepatitis Π‘ virus structural gene sequences as predictors of persistent viremia: hypervariable region 1 as a decoy // J Virol. 1999. -Vol. 73. — P. 2938−2946.
  315. Reinert R.R., Ringelstein A., van der Linden M. et al. Molecular Epidemiology of Macrolide-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Europe // J Clin Microbiology. 2005. -Vol. 43. — P. 1294−1300.
  316. Reinert R.R., Wild A., Appelbaum P. et al. Ribosomal mutations conferring resistance to macro-lides in Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical strains isolated in Germany. // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003. -Vol. 47. — P. 2319−2322.
  317. Rengarajan J., Sassetti C.M., Naroditskaya V., et al. The folate pathway is a target for resistance to the drug para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) in mycobacteria // Mol Microbiol. 2004. -Vol. 53. — P. 275 282.
  318. Richter S.S., Heilmann K.P., Dohrn C.L. et al. Changing Epidemiology of Antimicrobial-Resistant Streptococcus pneumonia in the United States, 2004−2005 // Clinical infectious diseases. -2009. -Vol. 48. P. e23−33.
  319. Richter S.S., Heilmann K.P., Beekmann S.E. et al. The molecular epidemiology of streptococcus pneumoniae with quinolone resistance mutations // Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2005. — Vol. 40. — P. 225−235.
  320. Richter S.S., Heilmann K.P., Dohrn C.L. et al. Accuracy of Phenotypic Methods for Identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates Included in Surveillance Programs // J Clin Microbiol. 2008. — Vol.46. P. 2184−2188.
  321. Rinder H., Mieskes K.T., Tortoli, E. et al. Detection of embB codon 306 mutations in ethambutol resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly from sputum samples: a low-cost, rapid approach // Mol. Cell. Probes. 2001. — Vol. 15. — P. 3712.
  322. Riska P.F., Jacobs W.R.Jr., Alland D. Molecular determinants of drug resistance in tuberculosis // lnt J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2000. — Vol. 4. — P. 4−10.
  323. Roberts M.C., Chung W.O., Roe D. et al. Erythromycin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae and oral commensal Neisseria spp. carry known rRNA methylase genes // Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1999. -Vol.43.-P. 1367−1372.
  324. Robertson, J.A. and Stemke G.W. Expanded serotyping scheme for Ureaplasma urealyticum strains isolated from humans // J Clin Microbiol. 1982. — Vol. 15. — P. 873−878.
  325. Roepstorff P., Fohlman J. Proposal for a common nomenclature for sequence ions in mass spectra ofpeptides//Biomed. Mass Spectrom. 1984.-Vol. 11.-P. 601.
  326. Roskey M.T., Juhasz P., Smirnov I.P. et al. DNA sequencing by delayed extraction-matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionizaton time of fight mass spectrometry // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1996. -Vol. 93.-P. 4724−4729.
  327. Ross P., Belgrader P. Analysis of short tandem repeat polymorphisms in human DNA by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry //Anal Chem. 1997. -Vol. 69. — P. 3966−3972.
  328. Ross P., Hall L., Smirnov I., and Haff L. High level multiplex genotyping by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry // Nature Biotechnology. 1998. — Vol. 16. — P. 1347−1351.
  329. Rothberg J.M. and Leamon J.H. The development and impact of 454 sequencing // Nature Biotechnology. 2008. — Vol. 26, — P. 1117- 1124.
  330. Rouquette-Loughlin C., Dunham S.A., Kuhn M. et al. The NorM Efflux Pump of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis Recognizes Antimicrobial Cationic Compounds // J Bacteriol. — 2003.-Vol. 185.-P. 1101−1106.
  331. Ruddy M., McHugh T.D., Dale J.W. et al. Estimation of the Rate of Unrecognized Cross-Contamination with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in London Microbiology Laboratories// J Clin.Microbiol. 2002. -Vol. 40. -P. 4100−4104.
  332. Ruiru S., Zhang J., Li C. et al. Detection of streptomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from China as determined by denaturing HPLC analysis and DNA sequencing // Mi-crob Infect. 2007. -Vol. 9. -P. 1538−1544.
  333. Ryzhov V. and Fenselau C. Characterization of the Protein Subset Desorbed by MALDI from Whole Bacterial Cells // Anal Chem. 2001. -Vol. 73. — P. 746−750.
  334. Sandstrom E.G., Knapp J.S., Reller L.B. et al. Serogrouping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: correlation of serogroup with disseminated gonococcal infection // Sex Transm Dis. -1984- -Vol. 11. P. 77 — 80.
  335. Sandstrom E. and Danielsson D. Serology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Classification by co-agglutination // Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand Sect. B. 1980. — Vol. 88. — P. 27−38.
  336. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. RI DNA sequencing with chain terminating inhibitors // Proc. Natl. Academ. Sci. USA. 1977. — Vol.74. — P. 5463−5467.
  337. Sarandopoulos S. and Davies J.K. Genetic Organization and Evolution of the Cryptic Plasmid of Neisseria gonorrhoeae // Plasmid. 1993. -Vol. 29. — P. 206−221.
  338. Sauer S. The essence of DNA sample preparation for MALDI mass spectrometry // J Biochem Biophys Methods. 2007. -Vol. 70. — P. 311−318.
  339. Sauer S., Lehrach H. and Reinhardt R. MALDI mass spectrometry analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms by photocleavage and charge-tagging // Nucleic Acids Research. 2003. — Vol. 31. — P. 63.
  340. Sauer, S. Typing of single nucleotide polymorphisms by MALDI mass spectrometry: Principles and diagnostic applications // Clinica Chimica Acta. 2006. — Vol. 363. — P. 95 — 105.
  341. Schatz P., Dietrich D. and Schuste M. Rapid analysis of CpG methylation patterns using RNase T1 cleavage and MALDI-TOF // Nucleic Acids Research. 2004. -Vol. 32. — P. e 167.
  342. Schatz P., Distler J., Berlin K. and Schuster M. Novel method for high throughput DNA methylation marker evaluation using PNA-probe library hybridization and MALDI-TOF detection // Nucleic Acids Research. 2006. — Vol. 34. — P. 59.
  343. , M., Shalon D., Davis R.W. & Brown P.O. Quantitative Monitoring of Gene Expression Patterns with a Complementary DNA Microarray // Science. 1995. — Vol. 270. — P. 467−470.
  344. Scorpio A., Lindholm-Levy P., Heifets L. et al. Characterization of pncA mutations in pyrazina-mide-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997. -Vol. 41. — P. 540 543.
  345. Seib K.L., Wu H.J., Kidd S.P. et al. Defenses against oxidative stress in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a system tailored for a challenging environment // Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2006. — Vol. 70(2). — P. 344 361.
  346. Selander R.K., Caugant D.A., Ochman H. et al. Methods of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis for bacterial population genetics and systematic // Appl Environ Microbiol. -1986. -Vol. 51. -P. 873−884.
  347. Shafer W.M., Veal W.L., Lee E.-H. et al. Genetic organization and regulation of antimicrobial efflux systems possessed by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis // J Mol Microbiol Bio-technol. 2001. — Vol. 3. — P. 219−224.
  348. Shafer W.M. and Folster J.P. Towards an Understanding of Chromosomally Mediated Penicillin Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Evidence for a Porin-Efflux Pump Collaboration // J Bacteriol. -2006. Vol. 188. — P. 2297−2299.
  349. Shen X., Shen G., Wu J., et al. Association between embB Codon 306 Mutations and Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis// Antimicrob Agents Chemother. -2007. -Vol. 51. -P. 2618−2620.
  350. Shen R., Fan J.B., Campbell D. et al. High-throughput SNP genotyping on universal bead arrays // Mutation Research. 2005. — Vol. 573. — P. 70−82.
  351. Shi R., Zhang J., Otomo K. et al. Lack of Correlation between embB Mutation and Ethambutol MIC in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates from China// Antimicrob Agents Chemother. -2007. -Vol. 51. -P. 4515517.
  352. Shimizu Y., Hijikata M., Iwamoto A. et al. Neutralizing antibodies against hepatitis Π‘ virus and the emergence of neutralization escape mutant viruses Hi Virology. 1994. -Vol. 68. — P. 1494−1500.
  353. Shindo M., Hamada K., Koya S. et al. The clinical significance of changes in genetic heterogeneity of the hypervariable region 1 in chronic hepatitis Π‘ with interferon therapy // Hepatology. 1996. -Vol. 24.-P. 1018−1023.
  354. Shoeb H. A., Bowman Jr. B. U., Ottolenghi A. C., et al. Evidence for the generation of active oxygen by isoniazid treatment of extracts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1985. — Vol. 27. — P.408−412.
  355. Siedner M.J., Pandori M., Castro L. et al. Klausner Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection of Qui-nolone-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Urine Samples // J’Clin Microbiol. 2007. — Vol. 45. — P. 1250−1254.
  356. Simmonds P., Alberti A., Alter H.J. et al. A proposed system for the nomenclature of hepatitis Π‘ viral genotypes//Hepatology. 1994.-Vol. 19.-P. 1321−1324.
  357. Simpson E. H. Measurement of diversity//Nature (London). 1949. -Vol. 163. — P. 688.
  358. Skuce R.A., McCorry T.P., McCarroll J.F. et al. Discrimination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria using novel VNTRPCR targets // Microbiol. 2002. -Vol. 148. -P. 519−528.
  359. Song Y., Dai E., Wang J. Genotyping of hepatitis Π’ virus (HBV) by oligonucleotides microarray // Molecular and Cellular Probes. 2006. — Vol. 20. — P. 121−127.
  360. Southern E.M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis Hi Mol. Biol. 1975. -Vol. 98. — P.503−517.
  361. Sox Π’. E., Mohammed W., Blackman E. et al. Conjugative plasmids in Neisseria gonorrhoeae // J. Bacterid. 1978. — Vol. 134. — P. 278 — 286.
  362. Sreevatsan S., Stochbauer K.E., Pan X. et al. Ethambutol resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: critical role of embB mutations // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997. -Vol. 41. — P. 1677−1681.
  363. Sreevatsan S., Pan X., Stockbauer K. et al. Characterization of rpsL and rrs mutations in streptomycin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from diverse geographical localities // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996. — Vol. 40. — P. 1024.-1026.
  364. Srivastava S., Garg A, Ayyagari A., Nyati K.K., Dhole T.N., Dwivedi S.K. Nucleotide Polymorphism Associated with Ethambutol Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis // Current Microbiol. 2006. -Vol. 53. -P. 401−405.
  365. Stanssens P., Zabeau M., Meersseman G. et al. High-throughput MALDI-TOF discovery of genomic sequence polymorphisms // Genome Res.-2004. Vol. 14.-P. 126−133.
  366. Storm N., Darnhofer-Patel Π’., van den Boom D., Rodi C.P. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry-based SNP genotyping // Methods Mol Biol. 2003. — Vol. 212. — P. 241−262.
  367. K., Karas M., Hillenkamp F. 2,5-Dihidroxybenzoic acid: a new matrix for laser desorp-tion-ionization mass spectrometry // Int J Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes. 1991. — Vol. 111. — P. 89−102.
  368. Sturenburg E., Storm N., Sobottka I. et al. Detection and Genotyping of SHV p-Lactamase Variants by Mass Spectrometry after Base-Specific Cleavage of In Vitro-Generated RNA Transcripts // J Clin Microbiol. 2006. — Vol. 44. — P. 909−915.
  369. Stuyver L., Rossau R., Wyseur A., et al. Typing of hepatitis Π‘ virus isolates and characterization of new subtype using a line probe assay // J. Gen. Virol. 1993. -Vol. 74. — P. 1093−1102.
  370. Stuyver L., Gendt S.D., Geyt C.V. et al. A new genotype of hepatitis Π’ virus: complete genome and phylogenetic relatedness // J Gen. Virol. 2000. — Vol. 81. — P. 67−74.
  371. Supply P., Allix C., Lesjean S. et al. Proposal for Standardization of Optimized Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit-Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis // J Clin Microbiol. 2006. -Vol. 44. -P. 4498−4510.
  372. Supply P., Mazars E., Lesjean S. et al. Variable human minisatellite-like region in the Micobac-trium tuberculosis genome // Mol Microbiol. 2000. — Vol. 36. — P. 762−771.
  373. Suresh N., Arora J., Pant H. et al. Spoligotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA from Archival Ziehl-Neelsen-stained sputum smears // J Microbiol Meth. -2007. -Vol. 68. -P. 291−295.
  374. Suriano R., Levi M., Pirri G. et al. Surface behavior and molecular recognition in DNA microar-rays from N, N-dimethylacryIamide terpolymers with activated esters as linking groups // Macromol Bios-ci. 2006. — Vol. 6. — P. 719−729.
  375. Takiff H.E., Salazar L., Guerrero C. et al. Cloning and nucleotide sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrA and gyrB genes and detection of quinolone resistance mutations // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994. — Vol. 38. — P. 773−780.
  376. Tam M.R., Buchanan T.M., Sandstrom E.G. et al. Serological classification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with monoclonal antibodies // Infect. Immun. 1982. — Vol. 36. — P. 1042 — 1053.
  377. Tanaka M., Fukuda H., Hirai K. et al. Reduced uptake and accumulation of norfloxacin in resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Japan // Genitourin Med. 1994. — Vol. 70. — P. 253−255.
  378. Tanaka К., Waki H., Ido Y. et al. Protein and polymer analyses up to m/z 100 000 by laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry // Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 1988. -Vol. 2. -P. 151−153.
  379. Tang K., Fu D.J., Julien D. et al. Chip-based genotyping by mass spectrometry // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.-1999.-Vol. 96.-P. 10 016−10 020.
  380. Taniguchi H., Aramaki H., Nikaido Y. et al. Rifampicin resistance and mutation of the rpoB gene in Mycobacterium tuberculosis // FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1996. -Vol. 144. — P. 103−108.
  381. Taniguchi H., Chang Π’., Abe C. et al. Molecular analysis of kanamycin and viomycin resistance in Mycobacterium smegmatis by use of a conjugation system // J Bacteriol. 1997. — Vol. 179. — P. 47 954 801.
  382. Taranenko N.J., Tang K., Allman S.L. et al. 3-Aminopicolinic acid as a matrix for laser desorp-tion mass spectrometry for biopolymers // Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 1994. — Vol. 8. — P. 1001 — 1006.
  383. Taranenko N.J., Allman S.L., Golovlev V.V. et al. Sequencing DNA using mass spectrometry for ladder detection // Nucleic Acids Research. 1998. — Vol. 26. — P. 2488−2490.
  384. Taranenko N.J., Hurt R., Zhou J.Z. et al. Laser desorption mass spectrometry for microbial DNA analysis//J Microbial Methods. -2002. Vol. 48.-P. 101−106.
  385. Tavakoli-Tabasi S., Hamill R. J., Greenberg S. B. Anaerobic Balanoposthitis: Two Cases and Review of the Literature // Anaerobe. 2000. -Vol. 6. — P. 11−14.
  386. Telenti A., Honore N., Bernasconi C. et al. Genotypic assessment of isoniazid and rifampin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A blind study at reference laboratory level // J Clin Microbiol. -1997.-Vol. 35. -P. 719−723.
  387. Telenti A., Imboden P., Marchesi F. et al. Detection of rifampicin-resistance mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis // Lancet. 1993. — Vol. 341. — P. 647−650.
  388. Telenti A., Phillipp W., Sreevatsan S. et al. The emb operon, a unique gene cluster of Mycobacterium tuberculosis involved in resistance to ethambutol // Nat Med. 1997. -Vol. 3. — P. 567−570.
  389. Tenover B. F. C., Kirby W. and Crick. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in the molecular era // ASM News. 1992. -Vol. 58. — P. 669−672.
  390. Tinsley C.R., Nassif X. Analysis of the genetic differences between Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Two closely related bacteria expressing two different pathogenicities // Microbiology. 1996. -Vol. 93. — P. 11 109−111 14.
  391. Toikka P., Nikkari S., Ruuskanen O. et al. Pneumolysin PCR-based diagnosis of invasive pneumococcal infection in children // J Clin Microbiol. 1999. -Vol. 37. — P. 633−637.
  392. Tost J., Gut I.G. Genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms by MALDI mass spectrometry in clinical applications // Clinical Biochemistry. 2005. — Vol. 38. — P. 335- 350.
  393. Tost J., Schatz P., Schuster M. et al. Analysis and accurate quantification of CpG methylation by MALDI mass spectrometry //Nucleic Acids Res. -2003. -Vol. 31. P. e50.
  394. Toungoussova O., Sandven P., Mariandyshev A. et al. Spread of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains of the Beijing genotype in the Archangel Oblast, Russia // J Clin Microbiol. 2002. -Vol. 40.-P. 1930−1937.
  395. Tracevska Π’., Jansone I., Nodieva A. et al. Characterisation of rpsL, rrs and embB mutations associated with streptomycin and ethambutol resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis // Research in Microbiology. 2004. — Vol. 155. — P.830−834.
  396. Trees D.L., Sandul A.L., Whittington W.L., Knapp J.S. Identification of novel mutation patterns in the parC gene of ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998. -Vol. 42. — P. 2103−2105.
  397. Turner A., Gough K.R. and Leeming J.P. Molecular epidemiology of tetM genes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae // Sex Transm Infect. 1999. — Vol. 75. — P. 60−66.
  398. Unemo M., Palmer H.M., Blackmore T. et al. Global transmission of prolyliminopeptidase-negative Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains: implications for changes in diagnostic strategies //Sex Transm Infect. 2007. -Vol. 83. — P. 47−51.
  399. Unemo M., Vorobieva V., Firsova N. et al. Neisseria gonorrhoeae population in Arkhangelsk, Russia: phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity // Clin Microbiol Infect. 2007. — Vol. 13. — P. 873−878.
  400. Urdea M.S. Synthesis and characterization of branched DNA for the direct and quantitative detection of CMV, HBV, HCV and HIV // Clin Chem. 1993. — Vol. 39. — P. 725−726.
  401. Van Baar Π’ L. Characterisation of bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation and electrospray mass spectrometry // FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 2000. — Vol.24. — P. 193−219.
  402. Van Belkum A., Tassios P.T., Dijkshoorn L. et al. Guidelines for the validation and application of typing methods for use in bacterial epidemiology // Clin Microbiol Infect. 2007. -Vol. 13. -P. 1.
  403. Van Embden J.D., Cave M.D., Crawford J. T. et al. Strain identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by DNA fingerprinting: recommendations for a standardized methodology // J Clin Microbiol. -1993.-Vol. 31. -P. 406−409.
  404. Van Ert M.N., Hofstadler S.A., Jiang Y. et al. Mass spectrometry provides accurate characterization of two genetic marker types in Bacillus anthracis // Biotechnique. 2004. -Vol. 37. — P. 642−644, 646, 648.
  405. Van Putten J.P.M., Duensing T.D., Carlson J. Gonococcal invasion of epithelial cells driven by the P.1A porin // Abstr. in Inter, pathogenic Neisseria conference / Edited by X. Nassif, M.J. Quentin-Millet, M.K.Taha. Paris, 1998. P. 35.
  406. Veal W.L., Nicholas R.A., Shafer W.M. Overexpression of the MtrC-MtrD-MtrE Efflux Pump Due to an mtrR Mutation Is Required for Chromosomally Mediated Penicillin Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae//J Bacleriol. 2002. — Vol. 184.-P. 5619−5624.
  407. Vernel-Pauillac F., Merien F. A novel real-time duplex PCR assay for detecting penA and ponA genotypes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: comparison with phenotypes determined by the E-test // Clinical Chemistry. 2006. — Vol. 52. — P. 2294−2296.
  408. Vilcheze C., Wang F., Arai M. et al. Transfer of a point mutation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhA resolves the target of isoniazid // Nature Medicine. 2006. — Vol. 12. — P. 1027−1029.
  409. Viscidi R.P., Demma J.C., Gu J., Zenilman J. Comparison of sequencing of the por gene and typing of the opa gene for discrimination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains from sexual contacts // J Clin Microbiol. 2000. — Vol: 38. — P. 4430−4438.
  410. Viscidi R.P., Demma J.C. Genetic diversity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae housekeeping genes // J Clin Microbiol. 2003. -Vol. 41 — P. 197−204.
  411. Wada Π’., Maeda S., Hase A. and Kobayashi K. Evaluation of variable numbers of tandem repeat as molecular epidemiological markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Japan // J Med Microbiol. -2007. -Vol. 56. -P. 1052−1057.
  412. Wade M.M., Zhang Y. Mechanisms of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis // Front Biosci. 2004. — Vol. 1. — P. 975−994.
  413. Wai C.T., Chu C.J., Hussain M., Lok A.S. HBV genotype Π’ is associated with better response to interferon therapy in HBeAg (+) chronic hepatitis than genotype Π‘ // Hepatology. 2002. — Vol. 36. — P. 1425−1430.
  414. Wang R.F., Bystricka D., Lenz O. et al. DNA microarray: parallel detection of potato viruses // Acta Virologica. 2003. — Vol. 47. — P. 41−43.
  415. Wang, B. H: and Biemann K. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of chemically modified oligonucleotides // Anal Chem. -1994. -Vol. 66. P. 1918−1924.
  416. Wasinger V.C., Cordwell S.J., Cerpa-Poljak A. et al. Progress with gene-product mapping of the Mollicutes: Mycoplasma genitalium // Electrophoresis. 1995. — Vol. 16. — P. 1090−1094.
  417. Wei C.J., Lei Π’., Musser J.M., Tu S.C. Isoniazid activation defects in recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase (KatG) mutants evident in InhA inhibitor production // Antimicrob. agents chemother. 2003. -Vol. 47. — P. 670−675.
  418. Wenzel Π’., Elssner Π’., Fahr K. et al. GenoSNIP: SNP genotyping by MALDI-TOF MS using photocleavable oligonucleotides // Nucleosides Nucleic Acids. 2003. -Vol. 22. — P. 1579−1581.
  419. Whiley D.M., Limnios E.A., Ray S. et al. Further questions regarding the role of mosaic penA sequences in conferring reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone in Neisseria gonorrhoeae // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007. — Vol. 51. — P. 802−803.
  420. Whiley R.A. and Beighton D. Current classification of the oral streptococci // Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1998.-Vol. 13.-P. 195−216.
  421. Willems A.V., Deforce D.L., Lambert W.E. et al. Rapid characterization of oligonucleotides by capillary liquid chromatography-nano electrospray quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry // J Chromatography A. -2004. Vol. 1052. — P. 93−101.
  422. Wilson J. J., Polyak S. J., Day T. D., Gretch D. R. Characterization of simple and complex hepatitis Π‘ virus quasispecies by heteroduplex gel shift analysis: correlation with nucleotide sequencing // J Gen Virol. 1995. — Vol. 76. — P. 1763−1771.
  423. Wilson К. H., Wilson W. J., Radosevich J. L. et al. High-density microarray of small-subunit ribosomal DNA probes // Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002. -Vol. 68. — P. 2535−2541.
  424. Wilson Π’. M. and Collins D. M. AhpC, a gene involved in isoniazid resistance of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex//Mol. Microbiol. 1996.-Vol. 19.-P. 1025−1034.
  425. Wirmer J., Westhof E. Molecular contacts between antibiotics and the 30S ribosomal particle // Methods Enzymol. 2006. — Vol. 415. — P. 180−202.
  426. Wolk D.M., Shepley D., Sloane D. et al. TIGER PCR Mass-Spectrometry and Rep-PCR characterization of community-acquired oxacillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolates // K-l 187 in Abstracts book of 46th ICAAC, San Francisco. 2006. — P. 339.
  427. Wolrath H., Forsum U., Larsson P. G., Boren H. Analysis of bacterial vaginosis-related amines in vaginal fluid by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry // J Clin Microbiol. 2001. — Vol. 39. — P. 4026−4031.
  428. Woo P. C. Y., Lau S. K. P., Teng J. L. L. et al. Then and now: use of 16S rDNA gene sequencing for bacterial identification and discovery of novel bacteria in clinical microbiology laboratories // Clin Microbiol Infect. 2008. — Vol. 14. — P. 908−934.
  429. Wood J.M. Bacterial Osmosensing transporters // Methods in Enzymology. 2007. -Vol. 428. — P. 77−107.
  430. Wu K.J., Steding A., Becker C.H. Matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry of oligonucleotides using 3-hydroxypicolinic acid as an ultraviolet-sensitive matrix // Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 1993. — Vol. 7. — P. 142 — 146.
  431. Yamashita M., Fenn J.B. Negative ion production with the electrospray ion source // J Phys Chem. 1984. — Vol. 88. — P. 4671−4675.
  432. Yang Y., Liao M., Gu W.M. et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular determinants of quinolone resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Shanghai // J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007. -Vol. 59.-P. 803−804.
  433. Yang Y., Liao M., Gu W.M. et al. Clusters of circulating Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains and association with antimicrobial resistance in Shanghai // J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008. — Vol. 61. — P. 478 487.
  434. Yazdankhah S.P., Kesanopoulos K., Tzanakaki G. et al. Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis of Meningococcal Isolates Belonging to the Sequence Type 162 Complex // J Clin Microbiol. -2005. Vol. 43. — P. 4865−4867.
  435. Yoo J.S., Seong W.K., Kim T.S. et al. Comparative proteome analysis of the outer membrane proteins of in vitro-induced multi-drug resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae // Microbiol Immunol. 2007. -Vol. 51.-P. 1171−1177.
  436. Yoshida H., Bogaki M., Nakamura M., Nakamura S. Quinolone resistance-determining region in the DNA gyrase gyrA gene of Escherichia coli // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990. — Vol. 34. — P. 1271−1272.
  437. You Y., Fu C., Zeng X. et al. A novel DNA microarray for rapid diagnosis of enteropathogenic bacteria in stool specimens of patients with diarrhea // J Microbiol Methods. 2008. — Vol. 75. — P. 566 571.
  438. Zapun A., Contreras-Martel C., Vernet T. Penicillin-binding proteins and b-lactam resistance // FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2008. — Vol. 32. — P. 361−385.
  439. Zein N.N., Persing D.H. Hepatitis Π‘ genotypes: current trends and future implications // Mayo Clin Proc. 1996. -Vol. 71. — P. 458−464.
  440. Zhang M., Yue J., Yang Y.P. et al. Detection of Mutations Associated with Isoniazid Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from China // J Clin Microbiol. 2005. — Vol. 43. — P. 5477−5482.
  441. Zhang Y., Angelo S., Hiroshi N., Zhonghe S. Role of Acid pH and Deficient Efflux of Pyrazinoic Acid in Unique Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Pyrazinamide // J Bacterid. 1999. -Vol. 181.-P. 2044−2049.
  442. Zhang Y. and Mitchison D. The curious characteristics of pyrazinamide: a review // Int J Tuberc Lung Dis.-2003.-Vol. 7.-P. 6−21.
  443. Zhang Y., Heym Π’., Allen B. et al. The catalase-peroxidase gene and isoniazid resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis //Nature. 1992. -Vol. 358. — P. 591−593.
  444. Zhang Y., Permar S. and Sun Z. Conditions that may affect the results of Mycobacterium tuberculosis susceptibility testing to pyrazinamide //J Med Microbiol. 2002. — Vol. 51. — P. 42−49.
  445. Zhao J. R., Bai Y. J., Wang Y. Development of a pyrosequencing approach for rapid screening of rifampin, isoniazid and ethambutol-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis // Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. -2005. -Vol. 9. -P. 328−332.
Π—Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΉ