Π‘ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ·Π΅ (ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅)
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ·Π° (PC) ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΡΠΉ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ… Π§ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΅ΡΡ >
Π‘ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ
- ΠΠΈΡΠ°Π³Π° Π. Π., ΠΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π. Π. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π° 8. ΠΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ Π. ΠΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ·Π°. ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ: Π Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ· (ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ). 2000.
- ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ½ Π.Π., ΠΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π‘.Π.,
- ΠΡΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π’.Π‘., ΠΠΎΡΠ³ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π. Π. Π Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ·. ΠΠ». ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ·Π°. 2000. Π‘ΡΡ 284−336.
- ΠΡΡΠ΅Π² Π.Π., ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° Π’. Π., ΠΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎ Π. Π. Π Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ·.- Π.: ΠΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π³Π°Π·, 1997. -463 Ρ.
- ΠΠ°Ρ Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Π° Π.Π. ΠΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° // Π Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ·: ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅Π΄. Π. Π. ΠΠ°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°, Π. Π. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°. Π., 2000. — Π‘. 6096.
- Π’ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ° Π€.Π., ΠΠΊΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ°Π²Π° Π. Π. ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ°Π²Ρ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ Π’-ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ- ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ·Π°. ΠΠ΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΆΡΡΠ½Π°Π». N2. Π‘ΡΡ 26−29. 1999.
- Π₯Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎ Π.Π., ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΎ Π. Π., ΠΠΈΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠΊ Π. Π. ΠΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ·Π΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ № 2. Π‘ΡΡ. 4−8.
- Π₯ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ Π.Π., ΠΠ°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ Π. Π., ΠΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π. Π. Π Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ·. Π.: 1987.
- Arnold D.L., Matthews P.M., Francis G., Antel J. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human brain in vivo in the evaluation of multiple sclerosis: assessment of the load of disease // Magn. Reson. Med. 1990. — Vol. 14. — P. 154−159.
- Arnold D.L., Ries G.T., Matthews P.M. et al. Use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy for monitoring disease progression in multiple sclerosis // Ann. Neurol. 1994. — Vol. 36.-P. 76−82.
- Bakshi R., Ariyaratana S., Benedict R.H., Jacobs L. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging detects cortical and juxtacortical multiple sclerosis lesions // Arch. Neurol. 2001. — Vol. 58(5). — P. 742−748.
- Barkhof F., Filippi M., Miller D.H. et al. Comparison of MRI criteria at first presentation to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis // Brain. 1997. V.120. P .2059−2069.
- Bashir K., Whitaker J.N. Clinical and laboratory features of primary progressive and secondary progressive MS // Neurology. 1999. — Vol. 53. — P. 765−771.
- Bernard C.C., Kelerode R.N. Multiple sclerosis: an autoimmune disease of multifactorial etiology//Curr. Opin. Immunol. 1992. V.4. P. 760−765.
- Birken D.L., Oldendorf D.H. N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid: a literature review of a compound prominent in 'H-NMR spectroscopic studies of brain // Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 1989.-Vol. l.-P. 23−31.
- Brand A., Richter-Landsberg C., Leibfritz D. Multinuclear NMR studies on the energy metabolism of glial an neuron cells //Dev. Neurosci. 1993.-Vol. 15.-P. 289−298.
- Brownell B., Hughes J.T. The distribution of plaques in the cerebrum in multiple sclerosis // J. Neurol. Neurosyrg. Psychiatry. 1962. — Vol. 25. — P. 315−320.
- Charcot M. Histologie de la sclerose en plaques // Gaz. Hosp. 1868. — Vol. 141. — P. 554−554, 557−558.
- Charcot J. Lecons sur les maladies du systeme nerveux. // Paris: 1892. P 189.
- Comi G., Filippi M., Martinelli V. et al. Brain MRI correlates of cognitive impairment in primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis // J. Neurol. Sei. 1995. — Vol. 132.-P. 222−227.
- Davie C.A., Barker G.J., Thompson A.J. et al. 'H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of chronic cerebral white matter lesions and normal appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis // J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 1997. — Vol. 63. — P. 736−742.
- Davie C.A., Barker G.J., Webb S. et al. A proton spectroscopy study of disability in multiple sclerosis abstract. // J. Neurol.- 1996. Vol. 243, Suppl. 2. — S33.
- Davie C.A., Barker G.J., Webb S.L. et al. Persistent functional deficit in multiple sclerosis and autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia is associated with axon loss. H Brain 1995 -Vol. 118 -P. 1583−1592.
- Fazekas F.S., Barkhof F., Filippi M. et al. The contribution of magnetic resonanse imaging to the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis // Neurology. 1999. V.53, P. 448−456.
- Fazekas F.S., Offenbacher H., Fuchs S. et a! Criteria for an increased specificity of MRI interpretation in elderly subjects with suspected multiple sclerosis // Neurology. 1988. V.38. P.1822−1825.
- Filippi M, Yorsy T, Campi A, et al: Comparison of triple dose versus standard
- Filippi M., Barker G.J., Horsfield M.A. et al. Benign and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a preliminary quantitative MRI study // J. Neurol. 1994. — Vol. 241. -P. 246−251.
- Filippi M., Campi A., Mammi S et al. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and multimodal evoked potentials in benign and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis // J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 1995. — Vol. 58 (1). — P. 31−37.
- Filippi M., Mastronardo G., Rocca M.A. et al. Quantitative volumetric analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging from patients with multiple sclerosis // J. Neurol. Sei. -1998.-Vol. 158.-P. 148−153.
- Filippi M., Paty D.W., Kappos L. Et al. Correlations between changes in disability and T2-weighted brain MRI activity in multiple sclerosis: a follow-up study // Neurology. -1995.-Vol. 45.-P. 255−260.
- Filippi M., Rocca M.A., Rizzo G. et al. Magnetization transfer rations in multiple sclerosis lesions enhancing after different doses of gadolinium // Neurology. 1998a. -Vol. 50 (5).-P. 1289−1293.
- Fox N.C., Jenkins R., Leary S.M. et al. Progressive cerebral atrophy in MS // Neurology. 2000. — Vol. 54. — P. 807−812.
- Gass A., Barker G.J., Kidd D. et al. Correlation of magnetization transfer ratio with clinical disability in multiple sclerosis // Ann. Neurol. 1994. — Vol. 36. — P. 62−67.
- Gay F.W., Drye T.J., Dick G.W.A., Esiri M.M. The application of multifactorial cluster analysis in the staging of plaques in early multiple sclerosis // Brain. 1997. — Vol. 120. -P. 1461−1483.
- Ge Y., Grossman R.I., Udupa J.K. et al. Brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis: longitudinal quantitative analysis // Radiology. 2000. — Vol. 214(3). — P. 665−670.
- Ge Y., Grossman R.I., Udupa J.K. et al. Brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: fractional volumetric analysis of gray matter and white matter // Radiology. -2001. Vol. 220(3). — P. 606−610.
- Gean Marton A.D., Vezina L.G., Marton K.I. et al. Abnormal corpus callozum: a sensitive and specific indicator of multiple sclerosis // Radiology. 1991. Vol.180. P.215−221.
- Gonzalez C.F., Vinitski S. et al.- Volumetric regional analysis of MS lesions of the brain using 3D segmentation. Neurology 44 (suppl 2): A 339,1994.
- Griot C., Vandevelde M., Richard A. et al. Selective degeneration of oligodendrocytes mediated by reactive oxygen species // Free Rad. Res. Commen. 1990. — Vol. 11. — P. 181−193.
- Grossman RI: Magnetization transfer in multiple sclerosis // Ann Neurology (suppl). 1994. P. 97−99.
- Harris J.O., Frank J.A., Patronas N. McFarlin D.E., McFarland H.F.: Serial gadolinium-enhanced MRI scans in patients with early, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Implications for clinical trials and natural history. Ann Neurol 29: 548−555, 1991.
- Hohlfeld R. Biotechnological agents for the immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis. Principles, problems and perspectives (invited review) // Brain. 1997. — Vol. 120. — P. 865−916.
- Huk W.I., Gademann G., Fridemann G. Magnetic resonance imaging of central nervous system diseases: Functional anatomy imaging neurological symptoms patology. // Berlin: Springer Verl., 1990. P.450.
- Isaak C., Li D.K.B., Genton M., et al.: Multiple sclerosis: A serial study using MRI in relapsing patients. Neurology 38: 1511−1515, 1988.
- Katz D., Taubenberger J.K., Canella B., McFarlin D.E. et al.: Correlation between MRI findings and lesion development in chronic, active multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 34: 661−669,1993.
- Kermode A.G., Tofts P. S., Thompson A.J. et al. Heterogeneity of blood-brain barrier changes in multiple sclerosis: an MRI study with gadolinium-DTPA enhancement // Neurology. 1990. — Vol. 40. — P. 229−235
- Kesselring J., Hess C. Diagnosis // Multiple sclerosis. Ed. J.Kesselring. Cambridge University Press, 1997.-P. 87−115.
- Kesselring J., Miller D.H., MacManus D.G. et al. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis: the effect of high dose intravenous methylprednisolone // J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat. 1989a. — Vol 52. — P. 14−17.
- Kesselring J., Ormerod I.E.C., Miller D.H. et al. Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis an Atlas of Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis. — Stuttgart, Germaty: Thieme, 1989b.
- Khoury S.J., Guttman C.R.G., Orav E.J. et al. Longitudinal MRI in multiple sclerosis: correlation between disability and lesion burden // Neurology. 1994. — Vol. 44. — P. 2120−2124.
- Koopmans R.A., Li D.K.B., Oger J.J.F., Mayo J., Paty D.W.: The lesion of multiple sclerosis: Imaging of acute and chronic stages. Neurology 39: 959−963,1989.
- Koopmans R.A., Li D.K.B., Oger J.J.F. et al. Chronic progressiv multiple sclerosis: Serial magnetic resonanse brain imaging over six months // Ann Neurol/ 1989/ V.26. P.248−256.
- Koopmans RA, Li DKB, Grochovski E, Cutler PJ, and Paty DW: Benign versus chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: Magnetic resonans imaging features// Ann Neurol. 1989. V.25. P.74−81.
- Kurtzke J.F. Neurological impairment in multiple sclerosis and the disability status scale // Acta Neurol. Scand. 1970. — Vol. 46. — P. 493−512.
- Lassmann H, Vass K Are current immunological concepts of multiple sclerosis reflected by the immunopathology of its lesions7 Review. // Springer Semin Immunopathol -1995 -Vol 17 -P 77−87
- Laubenberger J, Haussinger D, Bayer S et al HIV-related metabolic abnormalities in the brain depiction with proton MR spectroscopy with short echo times // Radiology -1996 -Vol 199 -P 805−810
- Leary S M, Davie C A, Parker G J M et al 'H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of normal appearing white matter in primary multiple sclerosis // Ann Neurol 1998 -Vol 44 -P 464
- Levme R A, Gardner J C, Fullrtron BC et al Multiple sclerosis lesions of the auditory pons are not silent//Brain 1994 V 117 P 1127−1141
- Losseff N A, Wang L, Lai H M et al Progressive cerebral atrophy in multiple sclerosis a serial MRI study //Brain- 1996b-Vol 119 P 2009−2019
- Losseff N A, Webb S L, O’Riordan et al Spinal cord atrophy and disability in multiple sclerosis a new reproducible and sensitive MRI method with potential to monitor disease progression //Brain 1996a — Vol 119-P 701−708
- Lublin F D, Reingold S C Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis results of an international survey//Neurology -1996 Vol 46 -P 907 911
- Lucchinetti C F, Bruck W, Rodriquez M, Lassmann H Distinct patterns of multiple sclerosis pathology indicates heterogeneity in pathogenesis Review. // Brain Pathol -1996 Vol 6 — P 259−274
- Matsumoto Y, Fujiwara M Adoptively transferred experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in chimeric rats identification of transferred cells in the lesion of the central nervous system//Immunology 1988 — Vol 65 -P 23−29
- Miller D, McDonald W Neuroimaging in multiple sclerosis // Clin Neurosci 1994 V2 P 215−224
- Miller D.H., Albert P. S., Barkhof F. et al. Guidelines for the use of magnetic resonance techniques in monitoring the treatment of multiple sclerosis // Ann. Neurol. 1996. -Vol. 39.-P. 6−16.
- Miller D.H., Barkhof F. et al.: Gadolinium enhancement increases the sensitivity of MR1 in detecting disease activity in multiple sclerosis. Brain 116 (pt 5): 1077−1094,1993.
- Miller D.H., Newton M.R., van der Poel J.C. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the optic nerve in optic neuritis // Neurology. 1988. — Vol. 38. — P. 175−179.
- MillerDH, Rudge P. JonsonG, et al: Serial gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis // Brain. 1988. V. l 1. P.927−939.
- Mitrovic B., Martin F.C., Charles A.C. et al. Neurotransmitters and cytokines in CNS pathology//Prog. Brain Res.- 1994.-Vol. 103. P. 319−330.
- MS // Neurology. 1996. V. 46. P. 379−384.
- Nadker J.V., Cooper J.R. N-acetyl-aspartic acid content of human neural tumors and bovine peripheral nervous tissue//J. Neurochem. 1972. — Vol. 19. — P. 313−319.
- Namerrow N.S. and Tompson L.R.: Plaques, symptoms, and the remitting course of MS. Neurology 19:765−774,1969.
- Nesbit GM, Forbes GS, Sheithauer BW, et al: Histopatologic and MR and CT correlation in 37 cases at biopsy and 3 cases at autopsy // Radiology 180. 1991. P. 467 474.
- Offenbacher H., Fazekas F. S, Schmidt R et al. Assessment of MRJ criteria for a diagnosis of MS // Neurology. 1993. V.43. P. 905−909.
- Paolillo A., Pozilli C., Gasperini C. et al. Brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: relationship with 'black holes', disease duration and clinical disability // J. Neurol. Sci. 2000. — Vol. 174 92). — P. 85−91.
- Paty D., Moore G. magnetic resonance imaging changes as living pathology in multiple sclerosis // Multiple Sclerosis. Eds. D.W. Paty, G.C. Ebers. F.A.Davis Company. Philadelphia, 1997. P.328−369.
- Poser C.M., Paty D.W., Scheinberg L. et al. New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines for research protocols // Ann. Neurol. 1983. — Vol. 13. — P. 227 231.
- Prineas J.W. Patology of multiple sclerosis // Handbook of multiple sclerosis. 2nd ed. Ed. S.D.Cook. New York. Basel. Hong Kong. 1996. P. 223−255.
- Raine C.S. The Dale Mc Farlin Memorial lecture- the immunology of the multiple sclerosis lesion // Ann. Neurol. 1994. V. 36. P.561−572.
- Raine C.S., Cross A.H. Axonal dystrophy as a consequence of long-term demyelination // Lab. Invest. 1989. — Vol. 60. — P. 714−725.
- Redmond I.T., Barbosa S., Blumhardt L.D., Roberts N. Short-term ventricular volume changes on serial MRI in multiple sclerosis // Acta Neurol. Scand. 2000. — Vol. 102(2).-P. 99−105.
- Resserling J., Lassman H. Pathogenesis // Multiple sclerosis. Ed. J. Kesselring. Cambridge University Press, 1997. P.54−62.
- Revesz T., Kidd D., Thompson A.J. et al. A comparison of the pathology of primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis//Brain. 1994.-Vol. 117.-P. 759−765.
- Rudick R.A., Fisher E., Lee J.C. et al. Brain atrophy in relapsing multiple sclerosis: relationship to relapses, EDSS and treatment with interferon beta-la // Mult. Scler. -2000. Vol. 6 (6). — P. 365−372.
- Runmarker B., Andersen 0. Prognostic factors in a multiple sclerosis incidence cohort with twenty-five years of follow-up// Brain.-1993.-Vol. 116.-P. 117−134.
- Sailer M., Loseff N.A., Wang L. et al. T1 lesion load and cerebral atrophy as a marker for clinical progression in patients with multiple sclerosis. A prospective 18 months follow-up study // Eur. J. Neurol. 2001. — Vol. 8(1). — P. 37−42.
- Sercarz E.E., Lahmann P.V., Ametani A. et al. Dominance and crypticity of T cell antigenic determinants Review. // Annu. Rev. Immunol. 1993. — Vol. 11. — P. 729 766.
- Simmons M.L., Frondoza C.G., Coyle J.T. Immunocytochemical localization of N-acetyl-aspartate with monoclonal antibodies // Neuroscience. 1991. — Vol. 45. — P. 3745.
- Smith M.E., Martin R., Frank J.A. et al.: Gadolinium-enhanced MRI and its correlation with expanded disability status score in MS. Ann Neurol 30: 270,1991.
- Sperling R.A., Guttmann C.R., Hohol M.J. et al. Regional magnetic resonance imaging lesion burden and cognitive function in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study // Arch. Neurol. 2001. — Vol. 58. — P. 115−121.
- Stevenson V.L., Miller D.H., Rovaris M. et al. Primary and transitional progressive MS- a clinical and MRI cross-sectional study// Neurology. 1999. — Vol. 52. — P. 839−845.
- Stewart W.A., Hall L.D. et al.: Correlation between NMR scan and brain slice: Data in multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2:412,1984.
- Stewart WA, Hall LD, Berry K, et al Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) Pathological correlation studies in eight cases Neurology 36 320, 1986
- Stewart WA, Hall LD, Berry K, et al Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) Patological correlation studies in eight cases//Neurology 1986 V36 P 320
- Stone L, Smith M E, Frank J A et al Incidence of contrast enhancement on MRI over time in MS patients Neurology 44 (suppl2) A391,1994
- Stone LA, Smith ME, Alberts PS et al Blood brain barrier disruption as measured by contrast enhanced MRI in patients with mild relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, relationship to course, gender and age // Neurology 1995 — Vol 45 — P 1122−1126
- Thompson A J, Kermode AG, Wicks D Et al Major differences in the dynamics of primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis // Ann Neurol -1991 Vol 29 -P 53−62
- Thompson AJ, Kermode A J, MacManus DG et al Patterns of disease activity in multiple sclerosis a clinical and magnetic resonance imaging study // BMJ -1990 Vol 300 -P 631 634
- Thompson A J, Youl B, Feinstein A et al Serial enhanced MRI in early relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis of vanng disease duration // Neurology/ 1991 (supp 1) P/169
- Thompson AJ, Miller D, YoulB, et al Serial gadolinium-enhanced MRI in relapsing / remitting multiple sclerosis of varying disease duration//Neurology 1992 V 42 P 60−63
- Thorpe J W, Kidd D, Moseley IF et al Serial gadolinium-enhanced MRI of the brain and spinal cord in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis Neurology 46 373−378,1996
- Tourbah A, Stievenart J L, Gout 0 et al Localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in relapsing remitting versus secondary progressive multiple sclerosis // Neurology -1999 Vol 53 -P 1091−1097
- Trapp B D, Peterson J, Ransohoff R M et al Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis //New Engl J Med -1998 Vol 338 -P 278−285
- Trapp BD, Ransohoff RM, Fisher E, Rudick RA Neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis relationship to neurological disability//Neurosci 1999 — Vol 5 -P 48−57
- Traugott U Evidence for immunopathogenesis // Handbook of multiple sclerosis 2nd ed Ed S D Cook Marcel Dekker, Inc, 1996 — P 157−186
- Truyen L, van Waesberghe J H, van Walderveen MA et al Accumulation of hypointense lesions («black holes») on T1 spin echo MRI correlates with disease progression in multiple sclerosis//Neurology, 1996 -Vol 47 -P 1469−1476
- Van Waesberghe JH, Kamphorst W, De Groot CJ et al Axonall loss in multiple sclerosis lesions magnetic resonance imaging insights into substrates of disability//Ann Neurol 1999 — Vol 46 -P 747−754
- Van Walderveen M.A., Barkhof F., Pouwels PJ. et al. Neuronal damage in T1 hypointense multiple sclerosis lesions demonstrated in vivo using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy // Ann. Neurol. 1999. — Vol. 46. — P. 79−87.
- Warren K.G., Catz I. Relative frequency of autoantibodies to myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein in optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid // J. Neurol. Sci. 1994. — Vol. 121. — P. 468−473.
- Weinshenker B.G., Bass B., Rice G.P.A, et al. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. 1. Clinical course and disability // Brain. -1989. Vol. 112.-P. 133−146.
- Wekwrle H., Kojima K., Lannes-Viera J. et al. Animal models Review. // Ann. Neurol. 1994. — Vol. 36, Suppl. — S. 47−53.
- Willoughby E.W., Grochovski E., Li D.K.B., Oger J., Kastrukoff L.F., Paty D.W.: Serial magnetic resonance scanning in multiple sclerosis- A second prospective study in relapsing patients. Ann Neurol 25: 43−49, 1989.
- Yorsry T.A., Fesl G., Walther E. et al. Triple dose of gadolinium-DTPA increases the sensitivity of spinal cord MRI in detecting enhancing lesions? n multiple sclerosis H J. Neurol. Sci. 1998. — Vol. 158 (2). — P. 221−225.
- Young I.R., Hall A.S., Pallis C.A. et al. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in multiple sclerosis // Lancet. -1981. Vol. 318. — P. 1063−1066.
- Zhao G.B., Li D.K.B., Tanton B.L., Paty D.W.: Assessment of activity of the individual lesions in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis on magnetic resonanse imaging. Ann Neurol 30:270,1991.
- Zhu G., Allen P. S., Koopmans R.A. et al. A marked elevation of inositol in MS lesions//Proc. Soc. Magn. Reson. Med. 1992.-Vol. l.-P. 1948.
- Zivadinov R., Sepcic J., Nasuelli D. et al. A longitudinal study of brain atrophy and cognitive disturbances in the early phase of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis // J. Neurol. Neurosurg, Psychiatry. 2001. — Vol. 70 (6). — P. 721.