Клинико-патогенетическое и диагностическое значение эндотелиальной дисфункции при ишемической болезни сердца у женщин молодого и среднего возраста
Диссертация
Предложенная классификация эндотелиальной дисфункции предусматривает выделение двух стадий: компенсированной и декомпенсированной. Для компенсированной стадии эндотелиальной дисфункции характерно наличие метаболического синдрома или множественных факторов риска, стабильной стенокардии или постинфарктного кардиосклерозаотносительно нормальный уровень нитратов, L-аргинина, десквамированных… Читать ещё >
Список литературы
- Алмазов В А., Беркович OA., Ситникова М. Ю. и др. Эндотелиальная дисфункция у больных с дебютом ишемической болезни сердца в разном возрасте // Кардиология. 2001. — № 5. — С. 26 — 29.
- Алмазов В.А., Благосклонная А. В., Шляхто Е. В., Красильникова Е. И. Метаболический сердечно-сосудистый синдром // СПб: СПбГМУ. 1999. -208 с.
- Антонова Б.И. Лабораторные исследования в ветеринарии: химико-токсикологические методы // М.: Агропромиздат. 1989. — С. 320.
- Аронов Д.М., Лупанов В. П., Михеева Т. Г. Функциональные пробы в кардиологии: электрокардиографический контроль при функциональных пробах // Кардиология. 1995. — № 12. — С. 83 — 93.
- Беленков Ю.Н., Мареев В. Ю., Агеев Ф. Т. Ингибиторы ангиотензин-превращающеш фермента в лечении сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (квинаприл и эндотелиальная дисфункция). М.: Инсайт полиграфик, 2002. -86 с.
- Беленков ЮЛ., Мареев В. Ю., Агеев Ф. Т. Эндотелиальная дисфункция при сердечной недостаточности: возможности терапии ингибиторами ангиотензинпревращающего фермента // Кардиология. 2001. — № 5. — С. 100−104.
- Бувальцев В.И., Машина С. Ю., Покидышев Д. А. и др. Роль коррекции синтеза оксида азота в профилактике гипертонического ремоделирования сердечно-сосудистой системы // Российский кардиологический журнал. -2002.-№ 5.-С. 74−81.
- Ванин А.Ф. Оксид азота в биологии: история, состояние и перспективы исследований // Биохимия. 1998. — Т.63, вып. 7. — С. 867 — 869.
- Ванин А.Ф., Манухина Е. Б., Лапшин А. В., Меерсон Ф. З. Усиление синтеза оксида азота в стенке аорты при экспериментальном инфаркте миокарда // Бюл. Экспер. Биол. 1993. — Т.116, вып.8. — С.142 — 144.
- Ю.Виноградов А. В., Сычева И. М. Проблема некрозов миокарда в клинике ИБС // Кардиология. 1993. — № 3. — С. 59 — 65.
- Вихерт A.M. Атеросклероз венечных артерий и коронарная болезнь сердца. // Терапевтический архив. 1973. — Т. 12. — С. 105−107.
- Гасилин B.C., Сидоренко Б. А. Стенокардия. -М.: Медицина, 1987. 240 е.
- Гланц С. Медико-биологическая статистика. -М.: Практика, 1998.-459 с.
- Гогин Е.Е. Курение, эндотелий и гипертоническая болезнь // Клин. мед. -1998.-№ 76.-С. 10−14.
- Гомазков О.А. Пептиды в кардиологии. М.: Материк альфа, 2000. — С. 104 -126.
- Горрен А.К.Ф., Майер Б. Универсальная и комплексная энзимология синтазы оксида азота // Биохимия. 1998. — Т.63, вып. 7. — С. 870 — 880.
- Грацианский Н.А. Нестабильная стенокардия острый коронарный синдром., Предупреждение обострений ишемической болезни сердца. Статины и антибиотики // Кардиология. — 1997. — № 11. — С. 4 — 17.
- Грацианский Н.А. Нестабильная стенокардия острый коронарный синдром. Некоторые новые факты о патогенезе и их значение для лечения // Кардиология. — 1996. — № 11. — С. 4 — 16.
- Грацианский Н.А. Предупреждение обострений коронарной болезни сердца. Вмешательства с недоказанным клиническим эффектом: ингибиторы ангиотензинпревращающего фермента и антиоксиданты // Кардиология. 1998. — № 6. — С. 4 — 17.
- Грацианский Н.А., Качалков Д. В., Давыдов С. А. Связь реакции коронарных артерий на внутрикоронарное введение ацетилхолина с факторами риска ишемической болезни сердца // Кардиология. 1994. — № 12. — С. 21 — 26.
- Гублер Е.В. Информатика в патологии, клинической медицине и педиатрии. JI.: Медицина, 1990. — 176 с.
- Данилов Н.М., Матчин Ю. Г., Чазова И. Е. и др. Морфология коронарных артерий у больных ишемической болезнью сердца в сочетании с артериальной гипертонией по данным внутрикоронарного ультразвукового исследования // Кардиология. 2001. — № 6. — С. 4 — 7.
- Доборджгинидзе JI.M., Нечаев А. С., Грацианский Н. А. Метаболические факторы риска у женщин с преждевременной ишемической болезнью сердца // Кардиология. 1999. — № 9. — С. 31−40.
- Дэвени Т., Гергей Я. Аминокислоты, пептиды и белки. М.: Мир, 1976.
- Жарова Е.А., Горбачева О. Н., Насонов E.JI. Эндотелии. Физиологическая активность. Роль в сердечно-сосудистой патологии // Тер. архив. 1990. -№ 8.-С. 140−145.
- Жданов B.C., Вихерт A.M., Стернби Н. Г. Эволюция и патология атеросклероза у человека. М.: Триада-Х, 2002. — 144с.
- Жданов В. С. Морфологические особенности развития и течения коронарного атеросклероза // Кардиология. 1992. — № 11. — С. 43 — 46.
- Жданов В. С. Некоторые актуальные вопросы патологической анатомии коронарного атеросклероза // Арх. патол. 1993. — № 2. — С. 39 — 45.
- Иванова О.В., Соболева Г. Н., Карпов Ю. А. Эндотелиальная дисфункция -важный этап развития атеросклеротического поражения сосудов // Тер. арх. -1997.-№ 6.-С. 75−78.
- Иоселиани Д.Г., Ключников И. В., Смирнов М. Ю. Синдром X (вопросы определения, клиники, диагностики, прогноза и лечения) // Кардиология. -1992. № 32 (11−12). — С. 46−49.
- Караченцев А.Н., Шварц Г. Я., Кукес В. Г. Эстрогены и инфаркт миокарда // Пробл. эндокринол. 1998. — № 6. — С. 49 — 54.
- Качалков Д.В., Давыдов С. А., Грацианский Н. А. Случай различной реакции правой коронарной артерии на внутрикоронарное введение ацетилхолина // Кардиология. 1993. — № 9. — С. 76 — 79.
- Качалков Д.В., Давыдов С. А., Грацианский Н. А. Случай восстановления нормальной реакции коронарной артерии на внутрикоронарное введение ацетилхолина при соблюдении больным в течение 10 месяцев «рыбной диеты» // Кардиология. 1994. — № 1. — С. 83 — 86.
- Климов А.Н., Никульчева Н. Г. Липиды, липопротеины и атеросклероз.-СПб.: Питер, 1995. 304 с.
- Козлов С.Г., Санкова А. В., Лякишев А. А. Применение заместительной гормональной терапии у женщин с сахарным диабетом II типа // Кардиология. 2001. — № 12. — С. 85 — 93.
- Крыжановский В.А. Диагностика и лечение инфаркта миокарда. Киев: Феникс, 2001.-451 с.
- Лобанок Л.М., Лукша Л. С. Функциональная роль эндотелия сосудов: патофизиологические и клинические аспекты // Медицинские новости. — 1999.-№ 4.-С. 21−29.
- Лямина Н.П., Сенчихин В. П., Покидышев Д. А., Манухина Е. Б. Нарушение продукции N0 у мужчин молодого возраста с артериальной гипертензией и немедикаментозный метод её коррекции // Кардиология. 2001. — № 9. — С. 17−21.
- Маеда X., Акаике Т. Оксид азота и кислородные радикалы при инфекции, воспалении и раке // Биохимия. 1998. — Т.63, вып. 7. — С. 1007 — 1028.
- Мазовецкий А.Г., Жуковский Г. С., Алескеров Ф.Т~ и др. Артериальная гипертония как маскирующий признак гипергликемии в тесте толерантности к глюкозе // Пробл. эндокринол. 1983. — № 3. — С. 32 — 35.
- Мазур Н.А. Острый коронарный синдром // Тер. арх. 1999.-№ 12. — С. 5 -7.
- Мазур Н.А., Швец О. В. Острый коронарный синдром. М., 2000. — 36 с.
- Малая Л.Т., Корж А. Н., Банковая Л. Б. Эндотелиальная дисфункция при патологии сердечно-сосудистой системы. Харьков: Торсинг, 2000. — 427с.
- Малышев И.Ю., Манухина Е. Б. Стресс, адаптация и оксид азота // Биохимия. 1998. — Т.63, вып. 7. — С. 992 — 1006.
- Мамедов М.Н., Метельская В. А., Перова Н. В. Метаболический синдром: пути реализации атеротромбогенного потенциала // Кардиология. 2000. -№ 2.-С. 83−89.
- Манухина Е.Б., Лямина Н. П., Долотовская П. В. и др. Роль оксида азота и кислородных свободных радикалов в патогенезе артериальной гипертензии // Кардиология. 2002. — № 11. — С- 73 — 84.
- Манухина Е.Б., Покидышев Д. А., Маленюк Е. Б. и др. Защитный эффект окиси азота при тепловом шоке // Серия биологическая. Известия РАН. -1997.-№ 1.-С. 54−58.
- Манухина Е.Б., Смирин Б. В., Малышев И. Ю. и др. Депонирование оскида азота в сердечно-сосудистой системе // Серия биологическая. Известия РАН.-2002.-№ 3.
- Мартынюк Т.В., Коносова И. Д., Чазова И. Е. Современные подходы к медикаментозному лечению легочной гипертензии / Consilium medicum. -2003. № 5,Т. 5. — С. 293 — 300.
- Машина С.Ю., Смирин Б. В., Покидышев Д. А. и др. Роль предупреждения дефицита оксида азота в антигипертензивном эффекте адаптации к гипоксии // Серия биологическая. Известия РАН. 2001. — № 5. — С. 579 — 587.
- Маянская С.Д., Куимов А. Д. Эндотелиальная дисфункция и острый коронарный синдром // Российский кардиологический журнал. 2001. -№ 2.-С. 76−84.
- Перова Н.В., Метельская В. А., Оганов Р. Г. Метаболический синдром: патогенетические взаимосвязи и направления коррекции // Кардиология. -2001. -№ 3.- С. 4−9.
- Покровский Б.В. Кризис отечественной медицины // Вестн. АМН. 1995. -№ 12.-С. 5−8.
- Руда М.Я., Зыско А. П. Инфаркт миокарда. М.: Медицина, 1981- 288 с.
- Рудакова Т.Л. Ишемическая болезнь сердца у женщин // Учёные записки СПбГМУ. 1999. — Т.6, № 2. — С. 71 — 78.
- Саложин К.В., Насонов ЕЛ, Беленков Ю.Н. Роль эндотелиальной клетки в иммунопатологии // Тер. арх. 1992. -№ 3. — С. 150 — 157.
- Сметник В.П., Шестакова И. Г. Менопауза и сердечно-сосудистая система // Тер. арх. 1999. — № 10. — С. 61 — 65.
- Снуг Д., Уэст Д. Основы аналитической химии: Т.1. М.: Мир, 1979. — С. 432−438.
- Соколов Е.И. Сахарный диабет и атеросклероз // М.: Наука. 1994. — 404с.
- Стокле Ж.-К., Мюлле Б., Андрианцитохайна Р., Клещев А. Гиперпродукция оксида азота в патофизиологии кровеносных сосудов // Биохимия. 1998. -Т.63, вып. 7. — С. 976 — 983.
- Тэйлор Б.С., Аларсон Л. Х., Биллиар Т. Р. Индуцибельная синтаза оксида азота в печени: регуляция и функции // Биохимия. 1998. — Т.63, вып. 7. -С. 905−923.
- Фланаган Р.Дж., Брейтуэйт Р. А., Браун С. С., Уиддон Б., Вольф Ф. А. Основы аналитической токсикологии / Всемирная организация здравоохранения. Женева. — 1997.
- Чазова Е.И., Мычка В. Б. Метаболический синдром // Consilium medicum. — 2002. № 11, Т. 4. — С. 587 — 590.
- Чазова Е.И., Мычка В. Б. Метаболический синдром и артериальная гипертония // Артериальная гипертензия. 2002. — Т.8, № 1. — С. 7 — 10.
- Чурина С.К. Особенности патогенеза ИБС у женщин молодого и среднего возраста. Л.: Наука. — 1983. — С. 69 — 78.
- Шалаев С.В. Догоспитальная диагностика и лечение острых коронарных синдромов // Consilium medicum. 2002. — № 3. — С. 144 — 148.
- Швец О. И, Мазур Н. А. Сердечный тропонин I у больных нестабильной стенокардией в сравнении с данными при инфаркте миокарда без зубца Q // Кардиология. 1999. — № 11. — С. 38 — 41.
- Швец О. И., Мазур Н. А., Танхилевич Б. М., и др. Сердечный тропонин I у больных инфарктом миокарда: динамика его содержания в крови и связь с объемом некроза // Кардиология. 1999. — № 9. — С. 53 — 56.
- Шляхто Е.В., Баженова Е. А., Беркович О. А. и др. Влияние гиполипидемической терапии на эндотелиальную дисфункцию у больных, перенесших инфаркт миокарда в молодом возрасте // Тер. арх. 2001. — № 9. -С. 46−50.
- Шляхто Е.В., Моисеева О. М. Клеточные аспекты ремоделирования сосудов при артериальной гипертензии // Артериальная гипертензия. 2002. — ТД № 2. — С.45 — 49.
- Явелов С.И. Новые данные о лечении обострений ишемической болезни сердца // Consilium medicum. 2002. — Т. 4, № 11.- С. 565 — 571.
- Яровая Г. А., Доценко В. Л., Заболоцкий Н. Н. и др. Методы разделения и анализа в биохимии. М.: ЦОЛИУВ, 1982. — С. 24 — 27.
- Aalkjaer С., Heagerty A.M., Swales J.D., Thurston H. Endothelium-dependent relaxation in human subcutaneous resistance vessels // Blood vessels. 1987. -Vol. 24.-P. 85−88.
- Abu-Halawa SA. Thompson K, Kirkeede RL et al. Estrogen replacement therapy and outcome of coronary balloon angioplasty in postmenopausal women // Am. J. Cardiol. 1998. — Vol. 82. — P. 409 — 413.
- ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for the Management of Patients with Chronic Stable Angina Summary Article (Gibbons R. J., Abrams J. Chatterjee K. et al.) //Circulation.-2003.-Vol. 107.- P. 149−158.
- Adams J.E., Abendschein D.R., Jaffe A.S. Biochemical markers of miocardial injury. Is MB creatine kinase the choice for the 1990s // Circulation. 1993. — Vol. 88.-P. 750−763.
- Adams J.N., Jamiason M., Rawles J.M. et al. Women and myocardial infarction: ageism rather than sexism // Br. Heart J. 1995. — Vol. 73. — P. 87 — 91.
- Adams K.F. Jr., Sueta C.A., Gheorghiade M. et al. Gender differences in survival in advanced heart failure. Insights from the FIRST study // Circulation. 1999. -Vol. 99. — P. 1816−1821.
- Agraval R., Prelevic G., Conway G.S. et al. Serum varcular endothelial growth factor concentrations in postmenopausal women: the effect of hormone replacement therapy // Fertil. Steril. 2000. — Vol. 73. — P. 56 — 60.
- Airaksinen K.E., Ikaheimo M.J., Lunnaluoto M. et al. Gender difference in autonomic and hemodynamic reactions to abrupt coronary occlusion // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1998. — Vol. 31. — P. 301 — 306.
- Alexander R.W. Hypertension and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress and the mediation of arterial inflammatory response: a new perspective // Hypertension. 1995. — Vol. 25. — P. 155 — 161.
- Ambrose J.A., Tannenbaum M.A., Alexopoulos D. et al. Angiographic progression of coronary artery disease and the development of myocardial infarction // J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. 1988. — Vol. 12. — P. 56 — 62.
- American College of Physicians: Guidelines for counseling postmenopausal women about preventive hormone therapy // Ann. Intern. Med. 1992. -Vol.117.-P. 1038 — 1041.
- American Heart Association: Heart and stroke facks. 1995 Statistical Supplement. Dallas: American Heart Association. 1995.
- Anderson E.A., Mark A.L. Flow-mediated and reflex changes in large peripheral artery tone in humans. // Circulation. 1989. — V. 79. — P. 93−100.
- Anderson H.V. Management of unstable angina pectoris and non-Q-wave acute myocardial infarction in the United States and Canada (the TIMI III Registry) //Am. J. Cardiol. -1997.-Vol. 79, Suppl. 11.-P. 1441−1446.
- Anderson Т.J., Uehata A., Gerhard M.D. et al. Close relation of endothelial function in the human coronary and peripheral circulations // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1995.-Vol. 26.-P. 1235−1241.
- Anderson W.D., Klein J.L., Manoukian S.V. Coronary flow-mediated dilatation is preserved in hypertensive patients // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1994. -Vol. 23.-P. 107A.
- Angus J.A., Compbell G.R., Cock T.M., Manderson J.A. Vasodilatation by acetylcholine is endothelium-dependent: a study by sonomicrometry in canine femoral artery in vivo // J. Physiol. (Lond). 1983. — Vol. 344. — P. 209 — 222.
- Arnal J.-F., Dinh-Xuan A.-T., Pueyo M. et al. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide and vascular physiology // Cell. Mol. Lafe. 1999. — Vol.55. — P. 1078 -1087.
- Arnold A.E.R., Simoons M.L., Detry J.M.R. et al. Prediction of mortality following hospital discharge after thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction. Is there a need for coronary angiography?//Eur.Heart J 1999.-Vol.14 — P.306−315.
- Atalar E., Aytemir K., Haznedaroglu I. et al. Increased plasma levels of soluble selectins in patients with unstable angina // Int. J. Cardiol. 2001. -Vol.78.-P. 69−73.
- Atay Y., Yagdi Т., Turkoglu C. et al. Spontaneous dissection of the left main coronary artery: a case report and review of the literature // J. Cardiac. Surgeiy. — 1996. Vol.11, № 5. — P. 371 — 375.
- Avogaro P., Crepaldi G., Enzi G., Tiengo A. Association of hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and mild obesity // Acta Diabetol. Lat. 1967. — V. 4. — P. 572 590.
- Ayanian J.Z., Epstein A.M. Differences in the use of procedures between women and men hospitalized for coronary heart disease // N. Engl. J. Med. -1991.-Vol. 325.-P. 221 -225.
- Bailey C.J., Ahmed-Sorour H. Role of ovarian hormones in the long-term control of glucose homeostasis. Effects of insulin secretion // Diabetologia. — 1980. Vol. 19. — P. 475−481.
- Bakir S., Oparil S. Estrogen replacement and heart disease // Clin. Rev. -2000.-Spring.-P. 67−72.
- Barbour M.M. Hormone replacement therapy should not be used as secondary prevention of coronary heart disease // Pharmacotherapy. 2000. — V. 20. — P. 1021 — 1027.
- Basso C., Morgagni G.L., Thiene G. Spontaneous coronary arteiy dissection: a neglected cause of acute myocardial ischemia and sudden death // Heart. — 1996. Vol.75, № 5. — P. 451 — 454.
- Becker B.F., Heindl В., Kupatt C., Zabler S. Endothelial function and hemostasis // Z. Kardiol. 2000. — Vol. 89. — P. 160 — 167.
- Bellamy M.F., Goodfellow J., Tweddel A. et al. Syndrome X and endothelial dysfunction // Cardiovasc. Res. 1998. — Vol. 40. — P. 410 — 417.
- Berk B.C., Weintraub W.S., Alexander R.W. Elevation of C-reactive protein in «active» coronary artery disease // Am. J. Cardiol. 1990. — Vol. 65. — P. 168 — 172.
- Bevilacqua M.P., Stengelin S., Gimbrone M.A.Jr., Seed B. Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1: an inducible receptor for neutrophilis related to complement regulatory proteins and lectins // Science. 1989. — Vol. 141. -P.158 -163.
- Bittl J., Levin D.C. Coronary arteriography. In: Braunwald E (ed). Heart Disease. A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 5th edition. WB Saunders Co, Philadelphia: USA, 1997.
- Blache D., Bouthillier D., Davignon J. Acute influence of smoking on platelet behaviour, endothelium and plasma lipids and normalization by aspirin // Atherosclerosis. 1992. — Vol. 93, Suppl. 3. — P. 179 — 188.
- Blann A.D., Lip G.Y.H., Beevers D.G., McCollum C.N. Soluble P-selectin in atherosclerosis: a comparison with endothelial cell and platelet markers // Thromb. Haemost. 1997. — Vol. 77. — P. 1077 — 1080.
- Blann A.D., Lip G.Y.H. The endothelium in atherothombotic disease: assessment on function, mechanisms and clinical implications // Blood. Coagul. Fibrinolysis. 1998. — Vol.9. — P. 297 — 306.
- Boden W.E., Kerensky R.A., Bertolet B.D. et al. Coronary angiographic findings after non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. An analysis from the VANQWISH trial (abstract) // Eur. Heart J. 1997. — Vol. 18. — P. 123.
- Bogarty P., Hackett D., Davis G., Maseri A. Vasoreactivity of the culprit lesions in unstable angina // Circulation. 1994. — Vol. 90. — P. 5 — 11.
- Boger R., Bodeboger S., Szuba A. et al. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): A novel risk factor for endothelial dysfunction: Its role in hypercholesterolemia // Circulation. 1998. — Vol. 98. — P. 1842 — 1847.
- Bombeli Т., Karsan A., Tait J.F., Harlan J.M. Apoptotic vascular endothelium cells become procoagulant // Blood. 1997. — Vol. 89. — P. 2429 — 2442.
- Bory M., Sampol J., Yvorra S. et al. Detection of circulating endothelial cells: a new diagnostic test of angina at rest // Arch. Mai. Coeur. Vaiss. 1995. — Vol. 88. — P. 1827−1831.
- Bounhoure J.P., Galinier M., Puel J. et al. Myocardial infarction in non-menopausal women. Coronary lesions and prognosis // Arch. Des Maladies du Coeur et des Vaisseaux. 1995. — V. 88. — P. 817 — 822.
- Brehm B.R., Buttcher E., Beyer M.F., Hofimeister H.M. Comparison of circulating endothelin-1 and big endothelin-1 levels in unstable versus stable angins pectoris // J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1998. — Vol. 31, Angina Pectoris: S90-S93.
- Brochier M.L., Arwidson P. Coronary heart disease risk factors in women // Eur. Heart J. 1998. — Vol. 19. — P. A45 — A52.
- Brown G., Albers J.J., Fisher L.D. et al. Regression of coronary disease as a result of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in men with high levels of apolipoprotein В // N. Engl. J. Med. 1990. — Vol. 323. — P. 1289 — 1298.
- Brown G., Zhao X.Q., Sacco D.E. et al. Lipid-lowering and plaque regression: new insights into prevention of plaque disruption and clinical events in coronary disease // Circulation. 1993. — Vol. 87. — P. 1781 — 1791.
- Brum J.M., Sufan O., Lane G., Bove A. Increased vasoconstrictor activity of proximal coronary arteries with endothelial damage in intact dog // Circulation. -1984. Vol. 70. — P. 1066 — 1073.
- Brush J.E. Jr., Faxon D.P., Salmon S. et al. Abnormal endothelium-dependent vasomotion in hypertensive patients // JACC. 1992. — Vol. 19. — P. 809 — 815.
- Camici P.G., Wijins W., Borgers M. et al. Pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic reversible left ventricular dysfunction due to coronary heart disease (hibernating myocardium) // Circulation. 1997. — Vol. 96. — P. 3205 — 3214.
- Cannon R.O.III. Does coronary endothelial dysfunction cause myocardial ischemia in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease? // Circulation. -1997. Vol. 96. — P. 3251 — 3254.
- Cannon R.O.III. Role of nitric oxide in cardiovascular disease: focus on the endothelium // Clin. Chem. 1998. — Vol. 44. — P. 1809 — 1819.
- Cardillo C., Kilcoyne C.M., Cannon-3rd R.O. et al. Xanthine oxidase inhibition with oxypurinol improves endothelial vasodilator function inhypercholesterolemia but not in hypertensive patients // Hypertension. 1997. -Vol. 30, Pt. l.-P. 57−63.
- Castelli W.P. Cardiovascular disease and multifactorial risk: challenge of the 1980s // Am. Heart J. 1983. — Vol.106. — P. l 191 — 1200.
- Celermajer D.S., Sorensen K.E., Bull C. et al. Endothelium-dependent dilatation in the systemic arteries of asymptomatic subjects relates to coronary risk factors and their interaction // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1994. — Vol. 24. — P. 1468 -1474.
- Celermajer D.S., Sorensen K.E., Georgakopoulos D. et al. Cigarette smoking is associated with dose-related and potentially reversible impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation in healthy young adults // Circulation. 1993. -Vol. 88.-P. 2149−2155.
- Celermajer D.S., Sorenson K.E., Gooch V.M. et al. Non-invasive detection of endothelial dysfunction in children and adults at risk of atherosclerosis // Lancet. 1992. — Vol. 340. — P. 1111 — 1115.
- Celermajer D.S., Sorensen K.E., Spiegalhalter D.J. et al. Anging is associated with endothelial dysfunction in healthy men years before the age-related decline in women // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1994. — Vol. 24. — P. 471 — 476.
- Chambers J.C., Kooner J.S. Homocystein: a novel risk factor for coronary heart disease in UK Indian Asians // Heart. 2001. — Vol.86. — P. 121 — 122.
- Chambless L., Keil U., Dobson A. et al. Population versus clinical view of case fatality from acute coronary heart disease: results from WHO MONICA 1985 1990 // Circulation. — 1997. — Vol. 96. — P. 3849 — 3859.
- Chauhan A., Mullins P.A., Taylor G. et al. Both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent function is impaired in patients with angina pectorisand normal coronary angiograms // Eur. Heart J. 1997. — Vol. 18. — P. R60 -R68.
- Chauveau M., Levy В., Dessanges J.F. et al. Quantitative Doppler blood flow measurement and in vivo calibration. // Cardiovasc Res. 1985. — V. 19. — P. 700−706.
- Chesebro J.H., Zoldhelyi P., Fuster V. Pathogenesis of thrombosis in unstable angina // Am. J. Cardiol. 1991. — Vol. 68. — P. B2 — B10.
- Chinese Cardiac Study Collaborative Group. Oral captopril versus placebo among 13 634 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Interim report from the Chinese Cardiac Study (CCS-I) // Lancet. 1995. — Vol. 345. — P. 686 -687.
- Choudhuiy L., Marsh J. Myocardial infarction in young patients // Am. J. Med.-1999.-Vol. 102.-P.254−261.
- Christenson R.H., Armstrong P. W., O’Hanesian M.A. et al. for the GUSTO II Investigators: The value of serial troponin T measurements for risk stratification in patients with acute ischemic syndromes // Ibid. 1995. — Vol. 92. — P. I 663.
- Cicinelli E., Ignarro L., Schonauer L. et al. Different plasma levels of nitric oxide in arterial and venous blood // Clin. Physiol. 1999. — Vol. 19. — P. 440 -442.
- Cigolini M., Seidell J.C., Targher G. et al. Fasting serum insulin in relation to components of the metabolic syndrome in European healthy men: the European Fat Distribution Study // Metabolism. 1995. — Vol. 44. — P. 35 — 40.
- Cines D.B., Pollak E.S., Buck C.A. et al. Endothelial cells in physiology and in the pathophysiology of vascular disorders // Blood. 1998. — Vol. 91. — P. 3528−3561.
- Clarkson P., Celermajer D.S., Donald A.E. et al. Impaired vascular reactivity in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is related to disease duration and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1996. — Vol. 28. -P. 573−579.
- Cockcroft J.R., Chowienczyk P.J., Benjamin N., Ritter J.M. Preserved endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in patients with essential hypertension. // N Engl J Med. 1994. — V. 330. — P. 1036−1040.
- Cohen R.A. The role of nitric oxide and other endothelium-derived vasoactive substances in vascular diseases // Progr. Cardiovasc. Dis. 1995. — Vol. 38.
- Cohen R.A., Zitnay K.M., Haudenschild C.C., et al. Loss of selective endothelial cell vasoactive functions caused by hypercholesterolemia in pig coronary arteries // Circ. Res. 1988. — Vol. 63. — P. 903 — 910.
- Collins P., Fox K. Hemoglobin inhibits is endothelium-dependent relaxation in vivo (abstract) // Eur. J. Cardiol. 1991. — Vol. 12, suppl. — P. 203.
- Constans J., Blann A., Resplandy F., et al. Endothelial dysfunction during acute methionine load in hyperhomocysteinaemic patients // Atherosclerosis. -1999.-Vol. 147. P. 411 -413.
- Constants J., Blann A., Resplandy F. et al. Three months supplementation of hyperhomocysteinaemic patients with folic acid and vitamin Вб improves biological markers of endothelial dysfunction // Br. J. Haematol. 1999(b). — Vol. 107.-P. 776−778.
- Constantinides P. Plaque fissures in human coronary thrombosis // J. Athero. Res. 1966. — Vol. 6. — P. 1 — 7.
- Cooke J.P., Dzau J., Greager A. Endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia is corrected by L-arginin // Basic Res. Cardiol. 1991. -Vol. 2.-P. 173−181.
- Cooke J.P., Tsao R.S. Is NO an endogenous antiatherogenic molecule? // Arterioscler. Thromb. 1994. — Vol. 14. — P. 653 — 655.
- Cosentino F., Luscher T.F. Endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus // J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1998. — Vol. 32, Suppl.3. — P. S54 — S61.
- Creager M.A., Cooke J.P., Mendelsohn M.E. et al. Impaired vasodilation of forearm resistance vessels in hypercholesterolemic humans // J. Clin. Invest. -1990.-Vol. 86.-P. 228−234.
- Crossman D.S., Larkin S.W., Fuller R.W. et al. Substance P dilates epicarial coronary arteries and increases coronary blood flow in humans // Circulation. -1989. Vol. 80. — P. 475 — 484.
- D’Agostino R.B., Russel M.W., Huse D.M. et al. Primary and subsequent coronary risk appraisal: new results from Framingham Stady // Am. Heart J. — 2000. Vol. 139. — P. 272−281.
- Danesh J., Collins R., Appliby P., Peto R. Association of fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, albumin, or leukocyte count with coronary heart disease. Metaanalyses of prospective studies // JAMA 1998. — Vol. 279. — P. 1977 — 1982.
- Dauerman H.L., Pinto D.S., Ho K.K.L. et al. Acute infarct angioplasty. Differential mortality of trial eligible patients (abstract) // Circulation. 1998. -Vol. 98, Suppl.-P. 1−22.
- Davies M.J. A macro and micro view of coronary vascular insult and ischemic heart disease // Circulation. 1990. — Vol. 82, Suppl. II. — P. 1138 -1146.
- Davies MX The pathology of coronary atherosclerosis. Eds. Schlant R.C., Alexander R.W. Hurst’s the heart: arteries and vies. 8th ed. McGraw-Hill: 1994. -P. 1009- 1020.
- Davies M.J., Richardson P.D., Woolf N. et al. Risk of thrombosis in human atherosclerotic plaque: role of extracellular lipid, macrophage, and smooth muscle cell content // Br. Heart J. 1993. — Vol. 69. — P. 377 — 381.
- Davies M.J., Thomas A.C. Plaque fissuring the cause of acute myocardial infarction, sudden ischemic death, and crescendo angina // Br. Heart J. — 1985. — Vol. 53.-P. 363−373.
- Davies M.J., Thomas A.C., Knapman P.A., Hangartner J.R. Intramyocardial platelet aggregation in patients with unstable angina suffering sudden ischemic cardiac death//Ibid.- 1986.-Vol. 73.-P. 418−427.,
- Davis M.J., Woolf N. Atherosclerosis revealed. A slide-lecture program. -1991. Pfizer Labs. — NY. — P. 16.
- Davis J.W., Shelton L., Eigenberg D.A., Hignite C.E. Lack of effect of aspirin on cigarette smoke-induced increase in circulating endothelial cells // Haemostasis. 1987. — Vol. 17. — P. 66 — 69.
- De Feyter P.J., Ozaki Y., Baptista J. et al. Ischemia-related lesion characteristics in patients with stable or unstable angina. A study with intracoronary angioscopy and ultrasound // Circulation. — 1995. Vol. 92. — P. 1408−1413.
- De Fronzo R.A., Ferranini E. Insulin resistance: a multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic disease//Diabetes Care. 1991.-Vol. 14. -P. 173 — 194.
- Delyani J.A., Murohara Т., Nossuli Т.О., Lefer A.M. Protection from myocardial reperfusion injury by acute administration of 17(3-estradiol // J. Moll. Cell. Cardiol. 1996. — Vol. 28. — P. 1001 — 1008.
- Deng Y., Wang X., Le G. et al. Evaluation of endothelial function in hypertensive elderly patients by high-resolution ultrasonography // Clin. Cardiol. 1999. — Vol. 22. — P. 705 — 710.
- Detry J.M.R., Kapita B.M., Cosyns J. et al. Diagnostic value of history and maximal exercise electrocardiography in men and women suspected of coronary heart disease // Circulation. 1977. — Vol. 56. — P. 756 — 761.
- Diaz M.N., Frei В., Vita J.A., Keaney J.F.Jr. Antioxidants and atherosclerosis heart disease // N. Engl. J. Med. 1997. — Vol. 337. — P. 258 — 265.
- Diver D.J., Gersh BJ. Coronary angiography and revascularization following acute myocardial infarction // Eur. Heart J. 1998. — Vol. 19. — P. 1274 — 1276.
- Douglas P. S., Ginsburg G.S. The evaluation of chest pain in women // N. Engl. J. Med. 1996. — Vol. 315. — P. 722 — 729.
- Drexler H. Nitric oxide and coronary endothelial dysfunction in humans // Review Cardiovasc. Res. 1999. — Vol. 43. — P. 572 — 579.
- Drexler H., Zeiher A.M., Meinzer K., Just H. Correction of endothelial dysfunction in coronary microcirculation of hypercholesterolemic patients by L-arginine // Lancet. 1991. — Vol. 338. — P.1546 — 1550.
- Drexler H., Zeiher A.M., Wollschlager H. et al. Flow-dependent coronary artery dilation in humans // Circulation. 1989. — Vol. 80. — P. 466 — 473.
- Duber C., Jungbluth A., Rumpelt HJ. et al. Morphology of the coronary arteries after combined thrombolysis and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction // Am. J. Cardiol. 1986. — Vol. 58. -P. 698−703.
- Ducimetriara P., Eschwege E., Papog L. et al. Relationship of plasma insulin levels to the incidence of myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease mortality in a middle-aged population // Diabetologia. 1980. — Vol. 19. — P. 205 -210.
- Duncker D.J., Bache RJ. Inhibition of nitric oxide production aggravates myocardial hypoperfusion during exercise in the presence of a coronary artery stenosis // Circ. Res. 1994. — Vol. 74. — P. 629 — 640.
- Dzau V.J., Braunwald E. and participants. Resolved and unresolved issues in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease // Am. Heart J. 1991. -Vol. 121.-P. 1244−1263.
- Egashira K., Inou Т., Hirooka Y. et al. Effects of age on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation on resistance coronary artery by acetylcholine in humans // Circulation. 1993. — Vol. 88. — P. 77 — 81.
- Egashira K., Inou Т., Hirooka Y. et al. Evidence of impaired endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilatation in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary angiograms // New Engl. J. Med. 1993. — Vol. 328. — P. 1659 — 1664.
- Egashira K., Suzuki S., Hirooka Y. et al. Impaired endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilatation of large epicardial and resistance coronary arteries inpatients with essential hypertension // Hypertension. 1995. — Vol. 25. — P. 201 -206.
- Falk E. Plaque rupture with severe pre-existing stenosis precipitating coronary thrombosis: characteristics of coronary atherosclerotic plaques underlying fatal occlusive thromb // Br. Heart J. 1983. — Vol. 50. — P. 127 — 134.
- Falk E. Why do plaques rupture? // Ibid. 1992. — Vol. 86, Suppl. 3. — P. III30 — III42.
- Falk E., Shah P., Fuster V. Coronary plaque disruption // Circulation. 1995. — Vol. 92.-P. 656−671.
- Faller D.V. Endothelial cell responses to hypoxic stress // Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 1999. — Vol. 26, Suppl. 1. — P.74 — 84.
- Feliciano L., Henning R.J. Coronary artery blood flow: physiologic and pathophysiologic regulation // Clin. Cardiol. 1999. — Vol. 22. — P. 775 — 786.
- Feron O., Dessy C., Moniotte S. et al. Hypercholesterolemia decreases nitric oxide production by promoting the interaction of caveolin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase // J. Clin. Invest. 1999. — Vol. 103. — P. 897 — 905.
- Ferrari R., Bachetti Т., Agnoletti L. et al. Endothelial function and dysfunction in heart failure // Eur. Heart J. 1998. — Vol. 19, Suppl. G. — P. G41 -G47.
- Fitzgerald D.J., Roy L., Catella F., Fitzgerald G.A. Platelet activation in unstable angina // N. Engl. J. Med. 1986. — Vol. 315. — P.983 — 989.
- Forstermann U., Biossel J.P., Kleinert H. Expressional control of the constitutive isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS I and NOS III) // FASEB J. -1998. Vol. 12. — P. 773 — 790.
- Forstermann U., Dudel C., Frolich J.C. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor is most likely to modulate the tone of resistance arteries in rabbit hindlimb in vivo // J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1987. — V. 243. — P. 1055−1061.
- Fraser H., Davidge S.T., Clanachan A.S. Activation of Ca2±independant nitric oxide synthase by 17p~estradiol in post-ischemic rat heart // Cardiovasc. Res. 2000.-46.-P. 111−118.
- Freiman P.C., Mitchell G.C., Heistad D.D. et al. Atherosclerosis impairs endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation to acetylcholine and thrombin in primates // Circ. Res. 1986. — Vol. 58. — P. 783 — 789.
- Furchgott R.F. Role of endothelium in responses of vascular smooth muscle // Circular. Res. 1983. — Vol. 53. — P. 337 — 573.
- Furchgott R.F., Calvalho M.N., Khan M.T., Matsunaga K. Evidence for endothelium-dependent vasodilation of resistance vessels by acetylcholine // Blood vessels. 1987. — Vol. 24. — P. 145 — 149.
- Furchgott R.F., Zawadzki J.V. The obligatory role of the endothelial cells in relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine // Nature. 1980. — Vol. 288.-P. 373−376.
- Fuster V., Badimon L., Badimon J.J. et al. The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes // N. Engl. J. Med. 1992. -Vol. 23.-P. 242−250.
- Fuster V., Badimon L., Cohen M. et al. Insights into the pathogenesis of acute ischemic syndromes // Circulation. 1988. — Vol. 77. — P. 1213 — 1220.
- Gearing A., Newman W. Circulation adhesion molecules and atherogenesis // Immunol. Today. 1993. — Vol. 14. — P. 506 — 512.
- Gerhard M., Roddy M.A., Creager S.J., Creager M.A. Aging progressively impairs endothelium dependent vasodilatation in forearm resistance vessels of humans // Hypertension. 1996. — Vol. 27. — P. 849 — 853.
- Ghaisas N.K., Shahi C.N.,. Foley В. et al. Elevated levels of circulating soluble adhesion molecules in peripheral blood of patients with unstable angina // Am. J. Cardiol. 1997. — Vol. 80. — P. 617 — 619.
- Gibbons G.H., Dzau V.J. The emerging concept of vascular remodeling // N. Engl. J. Med. 1994. — Vol. 330. -P.1431 — 1438.
- Gibbons G.H., Pratt R.E., Dzau V.J. Vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy vs. hyperplasia: autocrine transforming growth factor expression determines growth response to angiotensin II // J. Clin. Invest. 1992. — Vol. 90. — P. 456 -461.
- Gibbons G.N. Endothelial function as a determinant of vascular function and structure: a new therapeutic target // Am. J. Cardiol. 1997. — Vol. 79. — P. 3 — 8.
- Gilligan D.M., Quyyumi A.A., Cannon-3rd R.O. et al. Effect of physiological levels of estrogen on coronary vasomotor function in postmenopausal women // Circulation. 1994. — Vol. 89. — P. 2545 — 2551.
- Glawanakova W., Popova G. Stadies on the desquamation of vascular endothelium in EPH-gestosis // Cor-Vasa. 1988. — Vol. 30. — P. 140 — 145.
- Godsland I.F., Wynn V., Crook D., Miller N.E. Sex plasma lipoproteins, and atherosclerosis: prevailing assumptions and outstanding questions // Am. Heart J. -1987.-Vol. 114.-P. 1467−1503.
- Golditz G.A., Willett W.C., Stampfer M.J. et al. Menopause and the risk of coronary heart disease in women // N. Engl. J. Med. 1987. -Vol. 316. — P. 1105 -1110.
- Gordon J.B., Ganz P., Nabel E.G. et al. Atherosclerosis influences the vasomotor response of epicardial coronary arteries to exercise // J. Clin. Invest. -1989.-Vol. 83.-P. 1946−1952.
- Gorlin R., Fuster V., Ambrose J.A. Anatomic-physiologic links between acute coronary syndromes // Circulation. 1986. — Vol. 74. — P. 6 — 9.
- Gotto A.M. Heart disease in the assessment and treatment of hypercholesterolemia: coronary artery disease and other atherosclerotic disease, family history and left ventricular hypertrophy // Amer. J. Med. 1994. — Vol. 96.-P. 9S-18S.
- Grady D., Rubin S.M., Petitti D.B. et al. Hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women // Ann. Intern. Med. 1992. — Vol. 117.-P. 1016−1037.
- Grady D., Wenger N.K., Herrington D. et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy increases risk of venous thromboembolic disease: the Heart and Estrogen/ progestin Replacement Stady (HERS) // Ann. Intern. Med. In press.
- Grand A. Does female coronary insufficiency lead to any peculiar therapeutic problems? // Archives des Maladies do Coeur et des Vaisseaux. 1993. — Vol. 86.-P. 1491−1499.
- Griffith T.M., Edwards D.H., Lewis M.J. et al. The nature of endothelium-derived vascular relaxant factor // Nature. 1984. — Vol. 308. — P. 645 — 647.
- Guerra S., Iery A., Wang X. et al. Myocyte death in the failing human heart is gender depended // Circ. Res. 1999. — Vol. 85. — P. 856 — 866.
- Guetta V., Quyyumi A.A., Prasad A. et al. The role of nitric oxide in coronary vascular effects of estrogen in postmenopausal women // Circulation. 1997. -Vol. 96.-P. 2795−2801.
- Gurbel P., Serebruany V.L. Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolitic agents // Ibid. 1998. — Vol.81. — P. 772 — 775.
- Gurfinkel E. Is there something more behind atherosclerotic plaque inflamation? // Eur. Heart J. 1998. — Vol. 19. — P. 677 — 678.
- Hacket D., Davies G., Maseri A. Pre-existing coronary stenoses in patients with first miocardial infarction are not necessarily severe // Eur. Heart J. 1988. -Vol. 9.-P. 1317−1323.
- Haffner P.A., Valdez R.A., Hazuda H.P. et al. Prospective analysis of the insulin-resistance syndrome (Syndrome X) // Diabetes. 1992. — Vol. 41. — P. 715−722.
- Haffner S.M., Fond D., Hazuda H.P. et al. Hyperinsulinemia, upper body adiposity and cardiovascular risk in non-diabetics // Metabolism. 1988. — Vol. 37.-P. 3378−3385.
- Haller H. Endothelial function. General considerations // Drags. — 1997. — Vol. 53, Suppl. 1.-P.1−10.
- Hambrecht R., Hilbrich L., Erbs S. et al. Correction of endothelial dysfunction in chronic heart failure: additional effect of exercise training and oral L-arginine supplementation // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2000. — Vol. 35. — P. 706 — 713.
- Hamm C.W., Braunwald E. A classification of unstable angina revisited // Circulation. 2000. — V. 4. — P. 118 — 122.
- Hamm C.W., Goldmann B.U., Heeschen C. et al. Emergency room triage of patients with acute chest pain by means of rapid testing for cardiac troponin I // N. Engl. J. Med. 1997. — Vol. 337. — P. 1648 — 1653.
- Hare J., Colluci W.S. Role of nitric oxide in the regulation of myocardial function // Progr. Cardiovasc. Res. 1995. — Vol. 28. — P. 155 — 166.
- Harrison D.G., Armstrong M.L., Freiman P.C., Heistad D.D. Restoration of endothelium-dependent relaxation by dietary treatment of atherosclerosis. // J. Clin. Invest. 1987.-V. 80.-P. 1808−1811.
- Hassanabad Z.F., Furman B.L., Parratt J.R., Aughey E. Coronary endothelial dysfunction increases the severity of ischaemia-indused ventricular arrhythmias in rat isolated perfused hearts // Basic.Res. Cardiol. 1998. — Vol. 93. — P.241 -249.
- Healy B. Endothelial cell dysfunction: an emerging endocrinopathy linked to coronary disease // J. Am Coll Cardiol. 1990. — V. 16. — P. 357 — 358.
- Healy B. The Yentl syndrom // N. Engl. J. Med. 1991. — Vol. 325, № 4. — P. 247−276.
- Heistad D.D., Armstrong M.L., Diegors D.J., Mark A.L. Augmented responses to vasoconstrictor stimuli in hypercholesterolemic and atherosclerotic monkeys // Circ. Res. 1984. — Vol. 54. — P. 711 — 718.
- Hemminki E., McPherson K. Impact of postmenopausal hormone therapy on cardiovascular events and cancer: pooled data from clinical trials // Br. Med. J. -1997.-Vol. 315.-P. 149−153.
- Henry P.D., Yokoyama M. Supersensitivity of atherosclerotic rabbit aorta to ergonovine: mediation by a serotoninergic mechanism. // J. Clin. Invest. 1980. -V. 66.-P. 306−313.
- Heras M., Senz G., Roig E. et al. Endothelial dysfunction of the noninfarct related, angiographically normal, coronary artery in pacients with an acute myocardial infarction // Eur. Heart J. 1996. — Vol. 17. — P. 715 — 720.
- Herman В., Greiser E., Pohlabeln H. A sex difference in short-term survival after initial acute myocardial infarction // Eur. Heart. J. 1997. — V. 18. — P. 963 -970.
- Herrington D.M., Reboussin D.M., Brosnihan B. et al. Effects of estrogen replacement on the progession of coronary artery atherosclerosis // N. Engl. J. Med. 2000. — Vol. 345. — P. 522 — 529.
- Herrington D.M., Reboussin D.M.,. Klein K.P. et al. The Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis (ERA) Study: Study design and baseline characteristics of the cohort // Control. Clin. Trials. 2000. — Vol. 21. — P. 257 -285.
- Hillis G.S., Terregino C.A., Taggart P. et al. P-selectin in a puwerfull predictor of early events in patients with chest pain resume due to myocardial ischemia // Circulation. 2000. — Vol. 102, Suppl. II. — P. 499.
- Hirooca Y., Egashira K., Imaizumi T. et al. Effect of L-arginine on acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation differs between the coronary and forearm vasculatures in humans // J. Am.Coll. Cardiol. 1994. -Vol. 24.-P. 948−955.
- Hladovec J. Circulating endothelial cells as a sing of vessel wall lesions // Physiol. Bohemoslov. 1978. — Vol. 27, № 2. — P.140 — 144.
- Hladovec J., Prerovsky I., Stanek V., Fabian J. Circulating endothelial cells in acute myocardial infarction and angina pectoris // Klin. Wochenschr. 1978. -Vol. 56,№ 20.-P. 1033- 1036.
- Hodgson I.B., Rava N., Sheehan H.M., Reddy K.G. Endothelial dysfunction in coronary arteries precedes ultrasonic or angiographic evidence of atherosclerosis in patients with risk factories // JACC. 1992. -V. 19 (Suppl A). -P. 323 A.
- Hogg N., Browning J., Howard T. et al. Apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells caused by serum deprivation, oxidative stress and transforming growth factor-beta // Endothelium. 1999. — Vol. 7. — P. 35 — 49.
- Holdright D.R. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women // J. Hum. Hypertens. 1998. — Vol. 12. — P. 667 — 673.
- Holdright D.R., Fox K.M. Characterization and identification of women with angina pectoris // Eur. Heart. J. 1996. — V. 17. — P. 510 — 517.
- Hollander J.E., Muttreja M.R., Dalesandro M.R., Shofer F.S. Risk stratification of emergency department patients with acute coronary syndromes using P-selectin // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1999. — Vol. 34. — P. 95 — 105.
- Holvoet P. Endothelial dysfunction, oxidation of low-density lipoprotein, and cardiovascular disease. // Ther. Ather. 1999. — Vol. 3. — P. 287 — 293.
- Ignarro L.J. Biosynthesis and metabolism of endothelium-derived nitric oxide // Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1990. — Vol. 30. — P. 535 — 560.
- Ignarro L.J. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide: actions and properties // FASEB J. 1989. — Vol. 3(1). — P. 31 — 36.
- Iiyama К., Nagano M., Yo Y. et al. Impaired endothelial function with essential hypertension assessed by ultrasonography. // Am Heart J. V. 132. — P. 779−782.
- Ikeda H., Takajo Y., Ichiki K. et al. Inceased soluble form of P-selectin in blood of patients with unstable angina // Ibid. 1995. — Vol. 92. — P. 1693 -1696.
- Inser J.M., Kearny M., Bortman S., Passery J. Apoptosis in human atherosclerosis and restenosis // Circulation. 1995. — Vol. 91. — P. 2703 — 2711.
- Isles C.G., Hole D.J., Hawthorne V.M., Lever A.F. Relation between coronary risk and coronary mortality in the Renfrew and Paisley survey: comparison with men // Lancet. 1992. — Vol. 339. — P. 702 — 706.
- Judkins M.P. Selective coronaiy arteriography, a percutaneous transfemoral technic // Radiology. 1967. — Vol. 89. — P. 815 — 824.
- Juhanvague I., Thompson S.G., Jespersen J. Involvement of the haemostatic system in the insulin resistance syndrome a study of 1500 patients with angina pectoris // Arterioscler. Thromb. — 1993. — Vol. 13. — P. 1865 — 1873.
- Kahn N.N., Zmueller H.S., Sinha A.K. Impaired prostaglandin El/12 receptor activity of human blood platelets in acute ischemic heart disease // Circulat. Res.- 1990. Vol. 66. — P. 932 — 940.
- Kaku В., Mizuno S., Obsato K. et al. The correlation between coronary stenosis index and flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery // Jpn. Circulat. J.- 1998. V. 62. — P. 425 — 430.
- Kannel W.B., Hjortland M.C., Mc Namara P.M., Gordon T. Menopause and the risk of cardiovascular disease: the Framingham study // Ann. Intern. Med. -1976. Vol. 85. — P. 447 — 452.
- Kannel W.B. Metabolic risk factors for coronary heart disease in woman: perspective from the Framingham study // Am. Heart J. 1987. — Vol. 114. — P. 413−419.
- Kannel W.B., Cuppels L.A., Ramaswami R. et al. Regional obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Framigham study // J. Clin. Epidemiol. 1991. — Vol. 44(2). — P. 183 — 190.
- Katz R.S. Ratner R.E., Cohen R.M. Are insulin and proinsulin independent risk markers for premature coronary artery disease? // Diabetes. 1996. — Vol. 45.-P. 736−741.
- Kauser K., Rubanyi G.M. Gender difference in bioassayable endothelium-derived nitric oxide from isolated rat aortae // Am. J. Physiol. 1994. — Vol. 267. -P. H2311 -H2317.
- Kawachi Y., Tomoike H., Maruoka Y. et al. Selective hypercontraction caused by ergonovine in the canine coronary artery under conditions on induced atherosclerosis // Circulation. 1984. — V. 69. — P. 441 — 450.
- Kemp H.G., Elliott W.C., Gorlin R. The anginal syndrome with normal coronary arteriography // Trans. Assoc. An. Physicians. -1967.-Vol.80.-P.59 -70.
- Kemp H.G., Voronas P. S., Cohn P.F., Gorlin R. The anginal syndrome associated with normal coronary arteriograms: report of a 6 year experience // Am. J. Med. 1973. — Vol. 54, № 6. — P.735 — 742.
- Kennedy J.W., Killip Т., Fisher L.D. et al. The clinical spectrun of coronary artery disease and its surgical and medical management, 1974 1979. The coronary artery surgery study // Circulation. — 1982. — Vol. 66. — P. 16−23.
- Kleinert H., Wallerath Т., Euchenhofer С. et al. Estrogens increase transcription of the human endothelial NO synthase gene: analysis of the transcription factors involved // Hypertension. 1998. — Vol. 31. — P. 582 — 588.
- Koller A., Messina E.J., Wjlin M.S., Kaley G. Effects of endothelial impairment on arteriolar dilator responses in vivo. // Am. J.Physiol. 1989. — V. 257. — H1485-H1489.
- Kugiyama K., Ohgushi M., Sugiyama S. et al. Nitric oxide-mediated flow-dependent dilation is impaired in coronary arteries in patients with coronary spastic angina // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1997. — Vol. 30. — P. 920 — 926.
- Kuhn F.E., Rackley C.E. Coronary heart disease in women. Risk factors, evaluation, treatment and prevention // Arch. Intern. Med. 1993. — Vol. 153. -P. 2626−2636.
- Laakso M. How good a marker is insulin level for insulin resistance? // Am. J. Epidemiol. 1993. — Vol. 137. — P. 959 — 965.
- Laight D.W., Carrier M.J., Anggard E.E. Endothelial cell dysfunction and the pathogenesis of diabetic macroangiopathy // Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 1999. -Vol. 15.-P. 274 — 282.
- Lamping K.G., Marcus M.L., Dole W.P. Removal of the endothelium potentiates canine large constrictor responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine in vivo // Circ. Res. 1985. — Vol. 57. — P. 46 — 54.
- Laurent S., Lacolley P., Brunei P. et al. Flow-dependent vasodilatation of brachial artery in essential hypertension // Am. J. Physiol. 1990. — Vol. 258. -P. H1004-H1011.
- Lechleitner P., Genser N., Mair J., et al. Plasma immunoreactive endothelin-1 in the acute and subacute phases of myocardial infarction in patients undergoing fibrinolysis // Clinical chemistry. 1993. — Vol. 39. — P. 955 — 959.
- Lee R.T., Libby P. The unstable arteroma // Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. -1997.-Vol. 17.-P. 1859−1867.
- Lembo G., Morisco C., Lanni F. et al. Systemic hypertension and coronary artery disease: the link // Am. J. Cardiol. 1998. — Vol. 82. — P. 2H — 7H.
- Lerner D.J., Kannel W.B. Patterns of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality in the sexes: a 26-year follow-up of Framingham population // Am. Heart J. 1986. — V. 111. — P. 383 — 390.
- Levin E.R. Endothelins // N. Engl. J. Med. 1995. — Vol. 323. — P. 356 — 363.
- Lewis M.J., Shah A.M. Endothelial modulation of myocardial contraction // Endothelium. 1994. — Vol. 1. — P. 237 — 243.
- Li H., Forstermann U. Nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of vascular disease // J. Pathol. 2000. — Vol. 90. — P. 244 — 254.
- Liao J.K. Inhibition of Gi proteins by low density lipoprotein attenuates bradykinin-stimulated release of endothelial-derived nitric oxide // J. Biol. Chem. 1994. — Vol. 269. — P. 12 987 — 12 992.
- Libby P. Inflammatory and immune mechanisms in atherogenesis. In: Leaf A., Weber P.C. edc. Atherosclerosis Reviews. Vol. 21. — NY: Raven Press. -1990.- P. 79−89.
- Libby P. Molecular bases of the acute coronary syndromes // Ibid 1995. -Vol. 91.-P. 2844−2850.
- Linder L., Kiowski W., Buhler F.R., Luscher T.F. Indirect evidence for release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in human forearm circulation in vivo // Circulation. 1990. — Vol. 81. — P. 1762 — 1767.
- Lip G.Y.H., Blann A.D. Von Willebrand factor and its revelance to cardiovascular disorders // Br. Heart J. 1995. — Vol. 74. — P. 580 — 583.
- Little W.C., Constantinescu M., Applegate R.J. et al. Can coronary angiography predict the site of subsequent myocardial infarction in patients with mild-to-moderate coronary heart disease? // Circulation. 1988. — Vol. 78. -P.l 156−1166.
- Loscalzo J., Welch G. Nitric oxide and its role in the cardiovascular system // Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 1995. — Vol. 38. — P. 87 — 104.
- Lozano G., Pagliaro P., Gatullo D., Marsh N.A. Control of coronary blood flow by endothelial release of nitric oxide // Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. -1994.-Vol. 21.-P. 783−789.
- Ludmer P.L., Selvyn A.P., Shook T.L. et al. Paradoxical vasoconstrictioninduced by acetylcholine in atherosclerotic coronary arteries // N. Engl. J. Med. -1986. Vol. 513. — P. 1046 — 1051.
- Liischer T.F. From cholesterol-lowering to reduction of events: endothelial dysfunction as a bridge (abstract) // 66th Congress of the EAS. Florence, 1966. Abstract book: 31.
- Liischer T.F. Endothelium-derived vasoactive factors and regulation of vascular tone in human blood vessels // Lang.- 1990 Vol.168, Suppl. — P.27−34.
- Liischer T.F. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide: the endogenous nitrovasodilator in the human cardiovascular system // Eur. Heart J. 1991. — V. 12 (suppl E). — P. 2−11.
- Liischer T.F., Tanner F.C., Tschudi M.R. et al. Endothelial dysfunction in coronary artery disease // Annu. Rev. Med. 1993. — Vol. 44. — P.395 — 418.
- Liischer T.F. The endothelium in hypertension: bystander, target or mediator?// J. Hypertens. 1994. — Vol. 12, Suppl. 10. — P. SI05 — SI 16.
- Liischer T.F., Noll G. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease: role of endothelium as a target and mediator // Atherosclerosis. 1995. — Vol. 118, Suppl.-P. S81-S90.
- Ma L.N., Zhao S.P., Gao M. et al. Endothelial dysfunction associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patient with coronary heart disease // Int. J. Cardiol. 2000. — Vol. 72. — P. 275 — 279.
- Malik I.C., Danesh J., Papacosta O. et al. Prognostic value of soluble adhesion molecules in predicting future CHD events: prospective data from British Regional Heart Stady // Circulation. 2000. — Vol. 102, Suppl. II. — P. 865.
- Manchini G.B.J., Henry G.C., Macaya C. et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with quinapril improves endothelial vasodilator dysfunction at coronary branchpoints // Circulation. 1990. — Vol. 82. — P. 1169 — 1173.
- Mann J.M., Kaski J.C., Arie S. Plaque constituents in patients with stable and unstable angina: an atherectomy study (abstract) // Ibid. — 1995. Vol. 25. — P. #90 142 120.
- Martorana P., Goebel В., Ruetten H., Koehl D., Keil M. Coronary endothelial dysfunction after ischemia and reperfusion in the dog: A functional and morphological investigation // Basic Res. Cardiol. 1998. — Vol. 93. — P.257−263.
- McLenachan J.M., Vita J.A., Fish R.D. et al. Early evidence of endothelial vasodilator dysfunction at coronary branchpoints // Circulation. 1990. — Vol. 82. — P. 1169−1173.
- Meigs J., Singer D., Sullivan L. et al. Metabolic control and prevalent cardiovascular disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) // Am. J. Med. 1997. — Vol. 102. — P. 38 — 47.
- Mendelsohn M.E., Karas R.H. The protective effects of estrogen on cardivascular system // N. Engl. J. Med. 1999. — Vol. 340. — P. 1801 — 1811.
- Meredith I.T., Alan C. Y., Franz F. et al. Role of impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in ischemic manifestation of coronary artery disease // Circulation. 1993. — Vol. 87 (5). — P. 56 — 66.
- Merlini P.A., Bauer К., Oltrona L. et al. Persistent activation of coagulation mechanism in unstable angina and myocardial infarction // Circulation. 1994. -Vol. 90.-P. 61 -68.
- Mombouli J.-V., Vanhoutte P.M. Endothelial dysfunction: from physiology to therapy//J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 1999. — Vol. 31. -P.61 — 74.
- Moncada S., Higgs E.A., Furchott R.E. XIV International union of pharmacology nomenclature in nitric oxide rasearch // Pharmacol. Rev. 1997. -Vol. 49.-P.137- 142.
- Moncada S., Palmer R.M., Higgs E.A. Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology // Pharmacology Rev. 1991. — Vol. 43. — P.-109−142.
- Moncada S., Palmer R.M., Higgs E.A. The discovery of nitric oxide as the endogenous nitrovasodilatator // Hypertension. 1988. — Vol. 4. — P. 365 — 372.
- Moncada S., Radomski M.W., Palmer R.W. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor: identification as nitric oxide and role in the control of vascular tone and platelet function // Biochem. Pharmacol. 1988. — Vol. 37. — P. 2495 — 2501.
- Moreno P.R., Falk E., Palacios I.F. et al. Macrophage infiltration in acute coronary syndromes. Implications for plaque rupture // Ibid 1994. — Vol. 90 — P.775 -778.
- Mosca L., Grundy S.M., Judelson D. et al. AHA/ACC scientific statement: Consensus panel statement. Guide to preventative cardiology for women // Circulation. 1999. — Vol. 99. — P. 2480 — 2484.
- Motoyama Т., Kawano H., Kugiyama K. et al. Flow-mediated, endothelium-dependent dilatation of brachial arteries is impaired in patients with coronary spastic angina // Am. Heart J. 1997. — Vol. 133. — P. 263 — 267.
- Mulvhill N.T., Foley J.B., Murphy R. et al. Evidence of prolonged inflammation in unstable angina and non-Q wave myocardial infarction // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. -2000. Vol. 36.-P. 1210- 1216.
- Mutin M., Canvy I., Blann A. et al. Direct evidence of endothelial injury in acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina by demonstration of circulating endothelial cells // Blood. 1999. — Vol. 93. — P. 2951 — 2958.
- Myocardial Infarction Redefined A Consensus Document of The Joint European Society of Cardiology / American College of Cardiology Committee for the Redefinition of Myocardial Infarction // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. — 2000. -Vol. 36.-P. 959−969.
- Nabel E.G., Selwyn A.P., Ganz P. Large coronary arteries in humans are responsive to changing blood flow: an endothelium-dependent mechanism that fails in patients with atherosclerosis // JACC. 1990. — Vol. 16. — P. 349 — 356.
- Naruse M., Tanabe A., Takagi S. et al. Insulin resistance and vascular function // Nippon Rinsho. 2000. — Vol. 58 (2). — P. 344 — 347.
- Nederlandse Hartstichting. Hart en vaatziekten in Nederland. Reitsma J.B., werkdgoep «cijfers» van de Nederlandse Hartstichting, Den Haag. 1995.
- Neri-Serneri G.G., Masotti G., Poggesi L. et al. Reduced prostacyclin production in parients with a different manifestations of ischemic heart disease // Am. J. Cardiol. 1982. — Vol. 49. — P. 1146 — 1151.
- Neunteuft Т., Katzenschlander R., Hassan A. et al. Systemic endothelial dysfunction is related to extent and severity of coronary artery disease // Atherosclerosis. 1997. — Vol. 129. — P. 111 — 118.
- Nitenberg A., Antony I. Coronary artery caliber is not adapted to myocardial oxygen demand in hypertensive patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries // Arch. Mai. Coeur. Vaiss. 1995. — Vol. 88. — P. 1145 — 1148.
- Nitenberg A., Antony I. Epicardial coronary arteries are not adequately sized in hypertensive patients // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1996. — Vol. 27. — P. 115 — 123.
- O’Keefe J.H.Jr., Kim S.C., Hall R.R. et al. Estrogen replacement therapy after coronary angioplasty in women // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1997. — Vol. 29. — P. l-5.
- Ogawa H., Yasue H., Miyao Y. et al. Plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels in coronary circulation in patients with unstable angina // J. Am. Cardiol. 1999. — Vol. 83. — P. 38 — 42.
- Pagano P.J., Tornheim K., Cohen R.A. Superoxide anion production by the rabbit thoracic aorta: Effect of endothelium-derived nitric oxide // Am. J. Physiol. 1993. — Vol. 265. — H707 — H712.
- Palmer R.M.J., Ashton D.S., Moncada S. Vascular endothelial cells synthesize nitric oxide from L-arginine // Nature. 1988. — Vol. 333. — P. 664 -666.
- Palmer R.M.J., Ferrige A.G., Moncada S. Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity endothelium-derived relaxing factor // Nature. 1987. — Vol. 327.-P. 524−526.
- Pansa J.A., Quyyumi A.A., Brush J.R.Jr., Epstein S.E. Abnormal endothelium-dependent relaxation in patients with essential hypertension // N. Engl. J. Med. 1990. — Vol. 323. — P. 22 — 27.
- Panza J.A., Casino P.R., Kilcoyne C.M., Quyyumi A.A. Role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in the abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular relaxationof patients with essential hypertension // Circulation. 1993. — Vol. 87. — P. 1468 -1474.
- Panza J.A., Quyyumi A.A., Brush J.E., Epstein S.E. Abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in patients with essential hypertension // N. Engl. J. Med. 1990. — Vol. 323. — P. 22 — 27.
- Pedrinelli R., Dell Ото G., Catapano G. et al. Relationship between carotid wall thickness and forearm blood flow reserve in hypertension // Coron. Artery Dis. 1995. — Vol. 6. — P. 845 — 850.
- Pepine C.J., Schlaifer J.D., Mancini G.B. et al. Influence of smoking status on progression of endothelial dysfunction. TREND Investigators. Trial on Reversing Endothelial Dysfunction // Clin. Cardiol. 1998. — Vol. 21. — P. 331 — 334.
- Pershoukov I., Samko A., Pavlov N. et al. Quantitative coronarography in estimation of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in patients with syndrome X // European Radiology. 1999. — Vol. 9, Suppl. 1. — P. 311 — 331.
- Perticone F., Ceravolo R., Maio R. et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism is associated with endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in never treated hypertensive patients // Hypertension. 1998. — Vol. 31. — P. 900 — 905.
- Pohl V., Holtz J., Busse R., Bassenge E. Crucial role of endothelium in the vasodilator response to increased flow in vivo // Hypertension. 1986. — Vol. 8. -P. 37−44.
- Posthuma W.F.M., Westendorp R.G.J., Vandenbroucke J.P. Cardioprotective effect of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: is the evidence based? // Br. Med. J. 1994. — Vol. 308. — P. 1268 — 1269.
- Preik M., Kelm M., Feelisch M. r Strauer B.E. Impaired effectiveness of nitric oxide-donors in resistance arteries of patients with arterial hypertension // J. Hypertens. 1996. — Vol. 14. — P. 903 — 908.
- Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Clinical Practice. Recommendations of the Second Joint Task Force of the European and the other Societies on Coronary Prevention // Eur. Heart J. 1998. — Vol.19. — P. 1434 — 1503.
- Price D.T., Loscalzo J. Cellular adhesion molecules and atherogenesis // Am. J. Med. 1999. — Vol. 107. — P. 85 — 97.
- Proudfit W.L., Bruschke A.V.G., Sones F.M. Clinical course of patients with normal or slightly or moderately abnormal coronary arteriograms: 10 years follow up of 521 patients // Circulation. 1980. — Vol. 62. — P. 712 — 717.
- Quyyumi A.A. Does acut improvement of endothelial dysfunction in coronary artery disease improve myocardial ischemia? A double-blind comparison of parenteral D- and L-arginine // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1998. — Vol. 32. — P. 904 -911.
- Quyyumi A.A. Endothelial function in health and disease: new insights into the genesis of cardiovascular disease // Am. J. Med. 1998. — Vol. 105. — P. 32S-39S.
- Quyyumi A.A., Dakak N., Andrews N.P. et al. Contribution of nitric oxide to metabolic coronary vasodilation in the human heart // Circulation. 1995. — Vol. 92.-P. 320−326.
- Quyyumi A.A., Mulcahy D., Andrews N.P. et al. Coronary vascular nitric oxide activity in hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Comparison of acetylcholine and substance P // Circulation. 1997. — Vol. 95. — P. 104 — 110.
- Radomski M.W., Moncada S. Regulation of vascular homeostasis by nitric oxide // Thromb. Homeost. 1993. — Vol. 70. — P. 36. — 41.
- Radomski M.W., Palmer R.M.J., Moncada S. An L-arginine/ nitric oxide pathway present in human platelets regulates aggregation // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1990. — Vol. 87. — P. 5193 — 5197.
- Radomski M.W., Palmer R.M.J., Moncada S. Endogenous nitric oxide inhibits human platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium // Lancet. 1987. -Vol. 2.-P. 1057−1058.
- Ravkide J., Horder M., Gerhardt W. et al. Diagnostic performance and prognostic value of serum troponin T in suspected acute myocardial infarction // Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1993. — Vol. 53. — P. 677 — 685.
- Reaven G.M. Role of insulin resistance in human disease // Diabetes. 1988. -Vol. 37.-P. 1595- 1607.
- Reaven G.M. Insulin resistance and compemsatory hyperinsulinemia role in hypertension, dylipidemia and coronary heart disease // Amer. Heart J. 1991. -Vol.23.-P. 1283−1298.
- Reaven G.M., Chen Y.-D.I. Insulin resistance, its consequences, and coronary heart disease: must we choose one culprit? // Circulation. 1996. — Vol. 93. — P. 1780−1783.
- Ridker P.M., Hennekers C., Roitman-Johnson B. et al. Plasma concentration of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and risk of future myocardial infarction in apparently healthy men // Lancet. 1998. — Vol. 351. — P. 88 — 92.
- Ross R. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis an update // N. Engl. J. Med. -1986. — Vol. 314. — P. 488 — 500.
- Ross R. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s // Nature. 1993. — Vol. 362. — P. 801 — 809.
- Rossouw J.E., Finnegan L.P., Harlan W.R. et al. The evolution of the Women’s Health Initiative: perspective from the NIH // J. Am. Med. Women Assoc. 1995. — Vol. 50. — P. 50 — 55.
- Rossug L., Dimmeler S., Zeiher A.M. Apoptosis in the vascular wall and atherosclerosis // Basic Res. Cardiol. 2001. — Vol. 96. — P. l 1 — 22.
- Rubanyi G.M. The role of endothelium in cardiovascular homeostasis and diseasis // J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1993. — Vol. 22, Suppl. 4. — P. SI — SI4.
- Rubanyi G.M., Frye R.L., Holmes D.R. et al. Vasoconstrictor activity of coronary sinus plasma from patients with coronary artery disease // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1987. — Vol. 9. — P. 1243 — 1249.
- Rubanyi G.M., Vanhoutte P.M. Superoxide anion and hyperoxia inactivate endothelial-derived relaxing factor // Am. J. Physiol. 1986. — Vol. 250. — P. H822-H827.
- Rudic R.D., Sessa W.C. Nitric oxide in endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling: Clinical correlates and experimental links // Am. J. Hum. Genet. -1999. Vol. 64. — P. 673 — 677.
- Rudolphi R.L., Hutchins G.M. The relationship between coronaiy artery lesions and myocardial infarcts: ulceration of atherosclerotic plaques precipitating coronary thrombosis // Amer. Heart J. 1977. — Vol. 93. — P. 468 — 486.
- Ruggeri Z.M. Structure and function of von Willebrand factor // Thrombos. Haemost. 1999. — Vol. 82. — P. 576 — 584.
- Ryan T. J., Treasure C.B., Young A.C. et al. Impaired endothelium-dependent dilation of the coronary microvasculature in patients with atherosclerosis (abstr.) // Circulation. 1991. — Vol. 84, Suppl. II. — P. 624.
- Sakurai S., Inoue A., Koh C.S. et al. Soluble form of selectins in blood of patients with acute myocardial infarction and coronary intervention // Vase. Med. -1997.-Vol. 2.-P. 163−168.
- Sata M., Walsh K. Oxidized LDL activates Fas-mediated endothelial cell apoptosis // J. Clin. Invest. 1998. — Vol. 102. — P. 1682 — 1689.
- Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Stady Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary artery disease: 4S stady // Lancet. 1994. — Vol. 334. — P. 225 — 230.
- Scetch N.H., Mohiuddin S.M., Lynch J.D. et al. Significant sex differences in the correlation of electrocardiographic exercise testing and coronary arteriograms // Am. J. Cardiol. 1975. — Vol. 36. — P. 169 — 173.
- Schachinger V., Britten M.B., Zeiher A.M. Prognostic impact of coronary vasodilator dysfunction on adversive long-term outcome of coronary heart disease // Circulation. 2000. — Vol. 101. — P. 1899 — 1906.
- Schenck-Gustafsson K. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women: assessment and management // Eur. Heart J. 1996. — Vol. 17. — P. 2 — 8.
- Schlant R.C., Alexander R.W. Diagnosis and management of patients with chronic ischemic heart disease. In: Alexander W., Schlant R., Fuster V., eds. Hurst’s the heart. 9th ed. New York: McGrow-Hill, 1998. P. 1275 — 1305.
- Schulz R., Nava E., Monscada S. Induction and potential biological relevance of a Ca^-independant nitric oxide synthase in the myocardium // Br. J. Pharmacol. 1992. — Vol. 5. — P. 575 — 580.
- Seiler C., Hess O.M., Buechi M. et al. Influence of serum cholesterol and other risk factors on vasomotion of angiographically normal coronary arteries // Circulation.-1993.-Vol. 88, Part 1.-P. 2139−2148.
- Serryus P.W., Arnold A.R.E., Brower R.W. Effect of continued rt-PA administration in acute myocardial infarction a quantitative coronary angiography study of a randomized trial // Eur. Heart J. — 1987. — Vol. 87. — P. 1172−1178.
- Sharma S.K., Fyte В., Bongu R. et al. Lipid rich plaques with thrombus are common in unstable rest angina: observations from atherectomy tissue analysis (abstract) // J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. 1995. — Vol. 25. — P. #768 006.
- Sharp P. S., Konen J.C. Women s cardiovascular health // Primary care: clinics in practice. 1997. — Vol. 24. — P. 1 — 14.
- Shichiri M., Kato H., Marumo F. et al. Endothelin-1 as an autocrine/paracrine apoptosis survival factor for endothelial cells // Hypertension. 1997. — Vol. 30. -P. 1198- 1203.
- Shimomura H., Ogawa H., Arai H. et al. Serial changes in plasma levels of soluble P-selectin in patients with acute myocardial infarction // Am. J. Cardiol. -1998.-Vol. 8.-P. 163−168.
- Sinoway L.I., Hendrickson C., Davidson W.R. et al. Characteristics of flow-mediated brachial artery vasodilatation in human subjects // Circulat. Res. — 1989.-Vol. 64.-P. 32−42.
- Sinzinder H., Fitscha P., Kritz H. et al. Prostaglandin Ej decrease circulating endothelial cells // Prostaglandins. 1996. — Vol. 51, Suppl. 1. — P. 61 — 68.
- Sites C.K., Tischler M.D., Blackman J.A. et al. Efect of short-term hormone replacement therapy on left ventricular mass and contractile function // Fertil. Steril. 1999. — Vol. 71. — P. 137 — 143.
- Smith S.C.Jr. Risk-reduction therapy. The challenge to change // Circulation. 1996. — Vol. 93. — P. 2205 — 2211.
- Smith S.C.Jr., Blair S.N., Criqui M.H. et al. Preventing heart attack and death in patients with coronary disease // Circulation. 1995. — Vol. 92. — P. 2 — 4.
- Soltis E.E. Effects of age on blood pressure and membrane dependent vascular responses in the rat // Circ. Res. 1988. — Vol. 62. — P. 889 — 897.
- Sorensen K.E., Celermajer D.S., Georgakopoulos D. Impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation is as early event in children with familial hypercholesterolemia and is related to the lipoprotein (a) level // J. Clin. Invest.1994.-Vol. 93.-P. 50−55.
- Sorensen K.E., Celermajer D.S., Spiegelhalter D.J. et al. Non-invasive measurement of human endothelium-dependent arterial responses: accuracy and reproducibility // Br. Heart J. 1995. — Vol. 74. — P. 247 — 253.
- Stampfer M.J., Colditz G.A. Estrogen replacements therapy and coronary heart disease: a quantitative assessment of the epidemiologic evidence // Prev. Med. 1991.-Vol. 20.-P. 47−63.
- Stefanec T. Endothelial apoptosis: could it have a role in the pathogenesis and treatment of disease // Chest. 2000. — Vol.117. — P.841 — 854.
- Steingart R.M., Packer M., Hamm P. et al. Sex differenses in the management • of coronary artery disease // N. Engl. J. Med. 1991. — Vol. 325. — P. 226 — 230.
- Stevenson J.C., Crook D., Godsland I.F. Influence of age and menopause on serum lipids and lipoproteins in healthy women // Atherosclerosis. 1993. — Vol. 98.-P. 83−90.
- Sundin O., Ohman A., Palm Т., Strom G. Cardiovascular reactivity, Type A behavior, and coronary heart disease: comparisons between myocardial infarction patients and controls during laboratory-induced stress //Psychophysiology.1995.-Vol. 32.-P. 28−35.
- Taddei S., Virdis A., Ghiadoni L. et al. Menopause is associated with endothelial dysfunction in women // Hypertension. 1996. — Vol. 28. — P. 576 -582.
- Taddei S., Virdis A., Ghiadoni L. et al. Cyclooxygenase inhibition restrores nitric oxide activity in essential hypertension // Hypertension. 1997. — Vol. 29, Pt. 2. — P. 274−279.
- Taddei S., Virdis A., Ghiadoni L., Salvetti A. Endothelial dysfunction in hypertension: Fact or fancy? // J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol. 1998. — Vol. 32(Suppl.3). — P. S41-S47.
- Taddei S., Virdis A., Mattei P. et al. Aging and endothelial function in normotensive subjects and patients with essential hypertension // Circulation. -1995.-Vol. 91.-P. 1981 1987.
- Taddei S., Virdis A., Mattei P. et al. Hypertension causes premature aging of endothelial function in humans // Hypertension. 1997. — Vol. 29. — P. 736 -743.
- Taegtmeyer H. Insulin resistance and atherosclerosis: common roots for two common disease? // Circulation. 1996. — Vol. 93. — P. 1777 — 1779.
- Teede H.J., McGrath B.P., Smolich J.J. et al. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy increases coagulation activity and fibrinolysis //Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. 2000. — Vol. 20. — P. 1404 — 1409.
- Testa M., Biasucci L.M., Cacciola M. et al. Variable response of the peripheral circulation to acetylcholine in pacients with coronary artery disease // Am. J. Cardiol. 1996. — Vol. 77. — P. 149 — 153.
- The Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO) Ila Investigators. A randomized trial of intravenous heparin versus recombinant hirudin for acute coronary syndromes // Circulation. 1994. — Vol. 90. — P. 1631 -1637.
- The TIMI IIIB Investigators. Effects of tissue plasminogen activator and a comparison of early invasive and conservative strategies in unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction // Circulation. 1994. — Vol. 89. — P. 1545 -1556.
- The Women’s Health Initiative Study Group. Design of the Women’s Health Initiative clinical trial and observational study // Control. Clin. Trials. 1998. -Vol. 19.-P. 61−109.
- Theroux P., Fuster V. Acute coronary syndromes: unstable angina and non-Q wave myocardial infarction // Circulation. 1998. — Vol. 97. — P. 1195 — 1206.
- Thorin E., Ehreeve S.M. Heterogeneity of vascular endothelial cells in normal and disease states // Pharmacol. Ther. 1998. — V. 78. — P. 155 — 166.
- Tiengo A., Avogaro P., Del Prato S. Pathogenesis and therapy of plurimetabolic syndrome // Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 1996. — V. 6. — P. 187−195.
- Tiritilli A. Nitric oxide (NO), vascular protection factor. Biology, physiological role and biochemistry of NO // Presse Med. 1998. — Vol. 27(21). -P.1061 — 1064.
- Tobey T.A., Greenfield M., Kraemer F., Reaven G.M. Relationship between insulin resistance, insulin secretion, VLDL kinetics and plasma triglycerides levels in normotriglyceridemic men // Metabolism. 1981. — V. 30. — P. 165 — 171.
- Toborek M., Kaiser S. Endothelial cell functions. Relationship to atherogenesis // Basic Res. Cardiol. 1999. — V. 94. — P. 295 — 314.
- Tomas-Abadal L., Varas-Lorenzo C., Bernades-Bernat E. et al. Coronary risk factors and a 20-year incidence of coronary artery disease and mortality in amediterranean industrial population I I Eur. Heart J. 1994. — Vol. 15. — P. 1028 -1036.
- Topol E.J., Nissen S.E. Our preoccupation with coronary luminology. The dissociation between clinical and angiographic findings in ischemic heart disease // Circulation. 1995. — Vol. 92. — P. 2333 — 2342.
- Tousoulis D., Tentolouris C., Crake T. et al. Basal and flow-mediated nitric oxide production by atheromatous coronary arteries // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. -1997.-V. 29.-P. 1256−1262.
- Tunstall-Pedoe H. et al. Comparison of the prediction by 27 different factors of coronary heart disease and death in men and women of the Scottish Heart Health Study: cohort study // Br. Med. J. 1997. — Vol. 315. — P. 722 — 729.
- Vallance P., Collier J., Moncada S. Effects of endothelium-derived nitric oxide on peripheral arteriolar tone in man // Lancet. 1989. — Vol. 2. — P. 997 -1000.
- Vanhoutte P.M. Endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis // Eur. Heart J. -1997.-Vol. 18, Suppl E. P. E19 — E29.
- Vanhoutte P.M., Shimokawa H. Endothelial-derived relaxing factors and coronary vasospasm // Circulation. 1989. — V. 80. — P. 1−9.
- Ventura S.J., Peters K.D., Martin J.A. et al. Births and decaths: United States, 1996 // Mon. Vital. Stat. Rep. 1997. — Vol. 46, Suppl. 2. — P. 1 — 40.
- Vickers M.R., Meade T.W., Wilkes H.C. Hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular disease: the case for a randomized controlled trial // Ciba Found. Symp.-1995.-Vol. 191.-P. 150−154.
- L Vincent G.M., Anderson J.L., Marshall H.W. Coronary vasospasm producing coronary thrombosis and myocardial infarction // N. Engl. J. Med. 1983. — Vol. 309.-P. 220−223.
- Vita J.A., Treasure C.B., Nabel E.G. et al. Coronary vasomotor responses to acetylcholine relate to risk factors for coronary artery disease // Circulation. -1990.-Vol. 81.-P. 491−497.
- Vogel R.A. Brachial artery ultrasound: a noninvasive tool in the assessment of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins // Clin. Cardiol. 1999. — Vol. 22, Suppl. 2. — P. 1134−1139.
- Vogel R.A. Coronary risk factors, endothelial function, and atherosclerosis: a review // Clin. Cardiol. -1997. Vol. 20. — P. 426 — 432.
- Vogel R.A. Cholesterol lowering and endothelial function // Am. J. Med. -1999. Vol. 107. — P. 479 — 487.
- Volpe M., Cosentino F. Abnormalities of endothelial function in the pathogenesis of stroke: the importance of endothelin // J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2000. — Vol. 35, Suppl. 2. — P. S45 — S48.
- Vrints C., Bosnians J., Bull H. et al. Close parallelism between the coronary vasomotor responses to acetylcholine and serotonin (abstr.) // JACC. 1992. — V. 19.-P. 323 A.
- Vrints C.J.M., Bull H., Hitter E. et al. Impaired endotelium-dependent cholinergic coronary vasodilatation in patients with angina and normal coronary arteriograms // J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. 1992. — Vol. 19. — P. 21 — 31.
- Weidinger F.F., McLenachan J.M., Cybulscki M.I.et al. Hypercholesterolemia enhances macrophage recruitment and dysfunction of regenerated endothelium after balloon injury of the rabbit iliac artery // Circulation. 1991. — V. 84. — P. 755−767.
- Weiner C.P., Lizasoain I., Baylis S.A. et al. Induction calcium-dependant nitric oxide synthases by sex hormones // Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 1994. -Vol. 91.-P. 5212−5216.
- Wellford A.L., Ashcom T.L., Whitney E.J. et al. Changing presentstion of coronary heart disease in an inpatient population within the US military health care system // Mil. Med. 1993. — Vol. 158 (9). — P. 598 — 603.
- Wenger N.K. Coronary heart disease in women: an older woman’s major health risk // Br. Med. J. 1997. — Vol. 315. — P. 1085 — 1090.
- Werns S.W., Walton J.N., Nabel E.G. et al. Evidence of endothelial dysfunction in angiographiccally normal coronary arteries in patients with coronaiy arteiy disease // Circulation. 1989. — V. 79. — P. 287 — 291.
- Wever R.M.F., Liischer T.F., Consentino F., Rabelink T.J. Atherosclerosis and two faces of endothelial nitric oxide synthase // Circulation. 1998. — Vol. 97.-P. 108−112.
- WHO MONICA Project. Geographical variation in the major risk factors of coronary heart disease in men and women aged 35−64 years // World Health Stat. Q. 1998. — Vol. 41. — P. l 15 — 140.
- Wilkinson P., Laji K., Ranjadayalan K. et al. Acute myocardial infarction in women: survival analysis in first six months // Br. Med. J. 1994. — Vol. 309. -P. 566−569.
- Williams B. Insulin resistance: the shape of things to come // Lancet. 1994. -V. 344-P. 521−524.
- Williams J.K., Adams M.R., Klopfenstein H.S. Estrogen modulates responses of atherosclerotic coronary arteries // Circulation. 1990. — Vol. 81. — P. 1680 -1687.
- Wilson J.M., Capek P., MacAllister H.A. et al. Coronary lesion histology in stable, unstable and evolving angina pectoris (abstract) // J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. 1995. — Vol. 25. — P. #768 001.
- Wingard D.L., Ferrara A., Barrett-Connor E.L. Is insulin really a heart disease risk factor? // Diabetes Care. 1995. — V. 18 — P. 1299 — 1304.
- World Health Statistic Annuals 1982 1994. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1982−1994.
- World Health Report 1997 conquering suffeing, enriching humanity. Geneva: World Health Organization. — 1997.
- Wu C.-C., Yen M.-H. Nitric oxide synthase in spontaneously hypertensive rats // Biomed. Sci. 1997. — Vol. 4. — P. 249 — 255.
- Yamada N., Yoshinaga H., Sakurai N. et al. Increased risk factors for coronary artery disease in Japanese subjects with hyperinsulinemia or glucose intolerance // Diabetes Care. 1994. — V. 17. — P. 107 — 114.
- Yang Y., Lincoff A., Plow E., Topol E. Cell adhesion molecules in coronary artery disease // J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. 1994. — Vol. 24. — P. 1591 — 1601.
- Yamell J.W.G., Sweetnam P.M., Marks V. et al. Insulin in ischaemic heart disease are associations explained by triglyceride concentrations — the caerphilly prospective study // Br. Heart J. — 1994. — V. 71. — P. 293 — 296.
- Yasue H., Matsuyama K., Okumura K. et al. Responses of angiographically normal arteries to intracoronary injection of acetylcholine by age and segment: Possible role of early coronary atherosclerosis // Circulation. 1990. — V. 81. -P. 482−490.
- Yeung A.C., Vekshtein V.I., Krrntz D.S. et al. The effect of atherosclerosis on the vasomotor response of coronary arteries to mental stress // N. Engl. J. Med. -1991.-V. 325.-P. 1551 -1556.
- Zavaroni L., Bonini L. et al. Hyperinsulinaemia, obesity, and syndrome X // J. Intern. Med. 1994. — V. 235. — P. 51−56.
- Zeiher A.M., Drexler H., Saurbier В., Just H. Endothelium-mediated coronary blood flow modulation in humans. Effects of age, atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension // J. Clin. Inst. — 1993. V. 92. — P. 652 -668.
- Zeiher A.M., Drexler H., Wollschlager H., Just H. Endothelial dysfunction of the coronary microvasculature is associated with impaired coronary blood flow regulation in patients with early atherosclerosis // Circulation. 1991. — V. 83. -P. 391−401.
- Zhu Z. Changes in circulating endothelial cells in patients with essential hypertension // Chung Hua Hsin Hsueh Kuan Ping Tsa Chih. 1991. — V. 19. -P. 217−218.
- Zimmet P.Z. Hyperinsulinemia how innocent a bystander // Diabetes Care. -1993.-V. 16.-P. 56−70.