Формирование умений аудирования иноязычного текста учащихся 6 класса

Обучение английскому языку в 6 «б» классе осуществляется по учебно-методическому комплексу «Английский язык» учебник для 4 класса общеобразовательных учреждений под редакцией И. Н. Верещагиной и О. В. Афанасьевой.

Учебно-методический комплект состоит из следующих компонентов:

Учебник Книга для учителя Рабочая тетрадь Звуковое пособие.

Структура учебника предусматривает в конце каждого урока задания по аудированию: тексты, содержащиеся в книге для учителя и на кассетах звукового пособия, задания к ним в рабочей тетради.

В период прохождения государственной практики были разработаны и проведены уроки по обучению аудированию, а также составлены системы упражнений по формированию умений и навыков аудированию.

Исследование проводилось с подгруппой учащихся (10 человек).

Целью данного исследования является:

• 1. Развитие у учащихся способностей понимать иноязычную речь на слух, построенную на программном материале с допущением некоторого количества незнакомой лексики.
• 2. Развитие у учащихся способностей воспринимать иноязычную речь на разных уровнях понимания.
• 3. Научить учащихся справляться с трудностями аудирования.
• 4. Развивать у учащихся механизмы аудирования, используя различные виды упражнений.

Фрагмент урока № 1.

Тема: «Native Americans».

Цели: 1. Образовательные:

• — Формирование умений и навыков аудирования иноязычного текста.
• 2. Развивающие:
  • — Развитие учебно-информационных умений и навыков;
  • — Расширение словарного запаса;
  • — Развитие памяти, мышления, внимания.
• 3. Воспитательные:

Поддержание интереса к изучению иностранного языка.

Задачи: 1. Тренировать в аудировании текста.

Оборудование: картинки, раздаточный материал, учебник.

Структура:

1. Организационный момент.

Good morning children! How are you today? What day is it today? Who is absent?

Today we have listening comprehensive lesson.

2. Подготовка к основному этапу.

At first I’d like to ask you some questions.

Children, look at the pictures. Do you know who is this? What do they do? How do you think about what will be the text?

— These words and word — combinations help you to understand the text. Please I read and then you repeat it after me.

Smoke a pipe, reservations, native, hunt, friendship, fisherman, wood.

Now we read some proper names from the text:

The Mississippi, Alaska, Siberia, Asia, Indians.

Please repeat the next words after me:

Peace — peaceful.

Use — useful.

Color — colorful.

Wonder — wonderful.

Beauty — beautiful.

The suffixful makes from nouns to adjective.

3. Формирование навыков и умений аудирования текста.

Children, listen to the text and say who lived in America many years ago.

Native Americans came from Asia. Over 20 000 years ago they travelled across the land between Siberia and Alaska.

When English colonists came to the New World on board the «Mayflower» the Native Americans met them and were very friendly and helped them a lot. In those days people lived in small earth houses and grew their own food. Some Indians ate only grass, nuts and what fruit they could find. Other people were fishermen and lived in wooden houses. Most Native Americans were very peaceful. They wanted to live happily with nature and each other. They believed in many gods and thought that gods lived in trees, stones, water and fire. They believed their gods could bring success in hunting, farming and fishing. They often had special ceremonies with dances and music before they went hunting or fishing or when they began farming.

Native American songs and poems are a very important part of their traditions as they help them to keep their history and culture alive.

Another famous tradition was smoking of a peace pipe. When they smoked this pipe together with people they didn’t know, it meant friendship and peace.

Many years ago Native American tribes lived in all parts of the USA, and hunted and fished wherever they chose. Now most of them live in poor lands to the west of the Mississippi River. Many live on «reservations» .

Задание № 1.

Give the title of the text.

Задание№ 2.

Divide the text into semantic parts.

Задание № 3.

Answers to the following questions:

I. Where did Native Americans come from?

• 2. How did they travel?
• 3. Where did they live? What did they eat?
• 4. What did Native Americans believe in?
• 5. Where do most Native Americans live now?

Задание № 4.

Fill in the words:

• 1. Native Americans came from …
• 2. Over 20 000 years ago they travelled across the land between … and …
• 3. Other people were … and lived in wooden houses.
• 4. Most Native Americans were very …
• 5. Another famous … was smoking of a peace pipe.
• 6. Many years ago … … tribes lived in all parts of the USA.

Задание № 5.

«Yes» or «no»:

• 1. Native Americans came from Africa.
• 2. Over 40 000 years ago they travelled across the land between Siberia and Alaska.
• 3. Some Indians ate only grass, nuts and what fruit they could find.
• 4. Most Native Americans were very evil.
• 5. Native Americans often had special ceremonies with dances and music before they went hunting or fishing.
• 4. Подведение итогов.

Children, you worked very good today. All of you get a good mark.

Say me, what do you know today? Good bye.

Фрагмент урока № 2.

Тема: «the Wild West».

Цели: 1. Образовательные:

Формирование умений и навыков аудирования иноязычного текста.

2. Развивающие:

Развитие учебно-информационных умений и навыков;

Расширение словарного запаса;

Развитие памяти, мышления, внимания.

3. Воспитательные:

Поддержание интереса к изучению иностранного языка.

Задачи: 1. Тренировать в аудировании текста.

Оборудование: картинки, раздаточный материал, учебник.

Структура:

1. Организационный момент.

Good morning children! How are you today? What day is it today? Who is absent?

Today we have listening comprehensive lesson.

2. Подготовка к основному этапу.

Задание № 1.

Listen and repeat the pair of words.

Sun — gun.

Night — fight.

Old — gold.

Send — depend.

Repeat the words after me and try to guess their meaning:

Colony, negroes, plantation, rice, tobacco, attack, police, president.

3. Формирование умений и навыков аудирования текста.

Children, listen to the text and say why the Americans went west.

At the beginning of the 17th century the first colonies appeared in America. Many of them were English colonies, for example, New England. But there were also Spanish, German colonies there. African Negroes arrived as slaves in 1619 and began working on plantations situated in the South. They grew rice and tobacco.

There were 13 colonies in America, in 1733. The English King who lived in England, far away, was the King of New England and the other colonies. The colonists in America didn’t like that. They didn’t want to depend on the English King or on England. The Americans began to fight for their independence and got it. George Washington became the first president of the United States.

In the 18th century some Americans went to the west to look for new lands, and the story of «Wild West» began. In the 19th century people went west to look for gold. They built new settlements and new towns on these lands. Some people were lucky but some were not as they couldn’t find any gold. Then they left the towns, so they became empty. Now these «ghost towns» are very popular with tourists.

Life in the Wild West was full of danger. The Native Americans in the west didn’t like white people who took their land. Sometimes they attacked them.

There were bears and other wild animals and people had to have guns. Today many Americans still keep a gun in their houses and all American police officers have guns.

Задание № 2.

Select the title of the text:

• 1. Wild west.
• 2. Colonies in America.
• 3. Ghost towns.
• 4. African Negroes.

Задание № 3.

Distribute the points of the plan in the correct sequence:

• 1. Colonies in America.
• 2. George Washington.
• 3. Search for gold.
• 4. African Negroes as slaves.
• 5. Danger life in Wild West.

Задание № 4.

Have you understood the main themes of the text? Then think over the questions and answer:

• 1. When did the first colonies appear in America?
• 2. Were all the colonies English?
• 3. How many colonies were there in America in 1733?
• 4. Why did the Americans begin to fight for their independence?
• 5. Where did Americans go in the 18th — 19th centuries and why?
• 6. Why did Americans have to wear guns?

Задание № 5.

Try to retell the text.

4. Подведение итогов.

Children, you worked very good today. All of you get a good mark.

Say me, what do you know today? Good bye.

Фрагмент урока № 3.

Тема: «American Symbols».

Цели: 1. Образовательные:

Формирование умений и навыков аудирования иноязычного текста.

2. Развивающие:

Развитие учебно-информационных умений и навыков;

Расширение словарного запаса;

Развитие памяти, мышления, внимания.

3. Воспитательные:

Поддержание интереса к изучению иностранного языка.

Задачи: 1. Тренировать в аудировании текста.

Оборудование: картинки, раздаточный материал, учебник.

Структура:

1. Организационный момент.

Good morning children! How are you today? What day is it today? Who is absent?

Today we have listening comprehensive lesson.

2. Подготовка к основному этапу.

Задание № 1.

Learn how to read these proper nouns.

New York, France, the Statue of Liberty, Liberty Island,.

the Star — Spangled Banner.

Listen and repeat the pairs of words.

Plate — state, cold — sold,.

Better — letter, bell — sell,.

Known — own, news — newspaper.

3. Формирование умений и навыков аудирования текста.

Listen to the text and say all American symbols.

American Symbols.

The American flag is often called «The Stars and Stripes». There are three colours on the flag of the United States — red, white, and blue. As there are fifty states in the United States, there are fifty stars on the American flag: one star for each state.

The American flag has thirteen stripes. The stripes are red and white. The flag has seven red stripes and six white stripes. There is one stripe for each of the first thirteen colonies of the United States.

People must know many things about the flag, for example: you should display it1 only during the day and you should fold it in a special way. In some schools there is a flag in each classroom, and children stand in front of the flag every day. You can see the American flag in shops and offices, in the streets and squares, in small towns and in big cities. You can see pictures of the American flag in newspapers and magazines. Americans are proud of their 'flag and display it in many places.

One of the most famous symbols of the USA is the Statue of Liberty.3 France gave the statue to America in 1884 as a symbol of friendship. The Statue is in New York on Liberty Island. It is one of the first things people see when they arrive in New York by sea.

The eagle became the official national symbol of the country in 1782. It has an olive branch (a symbol of peace) and arrows (symbols of strength). You can see the eagle on the back of a dollar bill.

The United States of America has an official song too. It is called «The Star — Spangled Banner» .

Every state in the USA has its own flag, its own symbol and its own song too.

Задание № 2.

Have you learnt some new information about the American symbols? Could you answer the questions?

• 1. What do people often call the American flag?
• 2. What are the colours of the American flag?
• 3. How many states are there in the USA?
• 4. How many stars are there on the American flag? Why?
• 5. How many stripes has the flag got?
• 6. What colours are the stripes?
• 7. Why are there 13 stripes on the flag? What do they mean?
• 8. What must people know about the American flag?

Задание № 3.

You have learnt about four American symbols. Here are three of them:

• — The Statue of Liberty,
• — The eagle,
• — «the Star — Spangled Banner».

Which one is missing?

Задание № 4.

Fill in the words:

• 1. The American flag is red, white and …
• 2. There are 13 … on the American flag.
• 3. There fifty … on the American flag.
• 4. There are fifty … in the USA.
• 5. There are 3 … on the flag of the USA.

Задание № 5.

Noted on the picture the names of places and numbered them in the right order.

Задание № 6.

Say everything you know about American symbols.

4. Подведение итогов.

Children, you worked very good today. All of you get a good mark.

Say me, what do you know today? Good bye.

Фрагмент урока № 4.

Тема: «Everyday life in America».

Цели: 1. Образовательные:

Формирование умений и навыков аудирования иноязычного текста.

2. Развивающие:

Развитие учебно-информационных умений и навыков;

Расширение словарного запаса;

Развитие памяти, мышления, внимания.

3. Воспитательные:

Поддержание интереса к изучению иностранного языка.

Задачи: 1. Тренировать в аудировании текста.

Оборудование: картинки, раздаточный материал, учебник.

Структура:

1. Организационный момент.

Good morning children! How are you today? What day is it today? Who is absent?

Today we have listening comprehensive lesson.

2. Подготовка к основному этапу.

Задание № 1.

Listen and repeat the pairs of words.

Explain — explanation, relax — relaxation,.

Prepare — preparation, translate — translation,.

Decorate — decoration, operate — operation.

3. Формирование умений и навыков аудирования текста.

Listen to the text and say why America is a friendly country.

America is a friendly country with friendly people. In small American towns you hear «hello» to friends and also to people who have just arrived. People easily start to talk with each other. Waiters in restaurants will often tell you their names and talk to you. When you leave they will tell you to «Take care!» or «Have a nice day!». Often, people you have just met begin to ask you personal questions or start telling you all about themselves.

When Americans meet people for the first time they usually shake hands. When they meet friends or relatives they haven’t seen for a long time they sometimes kiss them on the cheek.

" Pot luck", dinners are very popular with Americans.

At a «pot luck» dinner all the guests bring something to eat and usually ask the host or hostess what they would like. Often you bring salad, some vegetables, or something sweet. Usually guests will arrive 10 or 15 minutes late — this gives your hosts time to finish their preparations.

Americans love to get together and to have parties.

Traditional parties are a birthday, moving to a new house, a wedding, 4 New Year’s Eve and the Fourth of July — Independence Day.

These parties are often informal and there are not many rules for them. Americans like to relax and enjoy themselves. So, maybe the best advise is to relax, smile, and enjoy yourself too!

Задание № 2.

Give the title of the text.

Задание№ 3.

Divide the text into semantic parts.

Задание № 4.

True of false:

• 1. America is a friendly country.
• 2. All people in the street you meet say: «Have a nice day!»
• 3. Americans never ask personal questions.
• 4. Americans never shake hands.
• 5. «Pot luck» dinners are very popular with Americans.
• 6. All parties in America are informal.
• 7. Americans like to relax and enjoy themselves.

Задание № 5.

Answer to the questions:

• 1. Who tell you their names in restaurant?
• 2. What do Americans do when meet people for the first time?
• 3. What do Americans do when they meet friends or relatives?
• 4. What the name of dinners is popular with Americans?
• 5. What traditional American parties do you know?
• 6. What is the best advice?

Задание № 6.

Say what you can about the way American people live.

4. Подведение итогов.

Children, you worked very good today. All of you get a good mark.

Say me, what do you know today? Good bye.

Таким образом, в процессе работы были подобраны упражнения, которые соответствовали возрастным особенностям учащихся. На данном этапе использовались подстановочные и ответно — вопросные упражнения, упражнения репродуктивного и продуктивного характера, которые способствовали решению поставленных целей. Данные упражнения были направлены на формирование умений и навыков аудирования текста у учащихся 6 класса. Также предложенные тексты были страноведческого содержания, что способствовало расширению кругозора учащихся и реализации воспитательных целей. Почти все учащиеся с успехом справлялись с предложенным материалом, в результате чего были выявлены очень хорошие показатели в уровне сформированности умений и навыков аудирования иноязычного текста.