Гидроизомеризация Н-бутана и алкилирование бензола додеценом-1 на катализаторах на основе мезопористого оксида циркония
Диссертация
Перспективными катализаторами процесса изомеризации н-парафинов считаются бифункциональные системы на основе оксида циркония, модифицированного оксо-анионами, которые обладают сильными кислотными свойствами после прокаливания при температурах 600−850°С. Так, в последние годы на ряде промышленных установок для изомеризации легкой бензиновой фракции применяется катализатор, представляющий собой… Читать ещё >
Список литературы
- Pryor P. S. Approaches to alkylation: a world review // Petroleum Technology Quarterly Winter 2004. P. 69−76.
- OGJ International refining catalyst compilation 2003 // Oil & Gas J. 2003. Oct. 6. P. 2−15.
- Arata K. Preparation of superacids by metal oxides for reactions of butanes and pentanes // Appl. Catal. A. 1996. V.146. P.3−32.
- Иванов A.B., Кустов JI.M. Твердые суперкислоты на основе оксида циркония: природа активных центров и изомеризация алканов. // Росс. Хим. Журн. 2000. № 2. С.21−52.
- Arata К., Matsuhashi Н., Hino М., Nakamura Н. Synthesis of solid superacids and their activities for reactions of alkanes // Catal. Today 2003. V.81. P. 17−30.
- Barton D.G., Soled S.L., Iglesia E. Solid acid catalysts based on supported tungsten oxides // Topics In Catal. 1998. V.6. P.87−99.
- Kimura T. Development of Pt/S0427Zr02 catalysts for isomerization of light naphtha // Catal. Today 2003. V.81. P. 57−63.
- Hollstein, E.J., Wei J.T., Hsu C.Y. Catalyst for hydrocarbon conversion and conversion process utilizing the same // US Patent № 4 918 041 (1990).
- Szabo G., Nascimento P., Milan A., Decker S. Acid catalyst with a sulfated zirconia base and its uses // US Patent № 6 180 555 (2001).
- Szabo G., Nascimento P., Milan A., Decker S., Denayer J., Dath J.P. Acid catalyst with a sulfated zirconia base and its uses // US Patent № 6 448 198 (2002).
- Шакун A.H., Федорова M.JI. Катализатор для изомеризации легких парафиновых углеводородов С4-Сб // Патент России № 2 171 713 (2001).12. http://www.tnk-bp.rU/press/media/2005/l/893/13. http://www.tppkuban.ru/reklama/neft him/
- Risch М., Wolf Е.Е. Effect of the preparation of a mesoporous sulfated zirconia catalyst in n-butane isomerization activity // Appl. Catal. A. 2001. V.206. P.283−293.
- Risch M., Wolf E.E. n-Butane and n-pentane isomerization over mesoporous and conventional sulfated zirconia catalyst // Catal. Today 2000. V.62. P.255−268.
- Sun Y., Yuan L., Ma S., Han Y., Zhao L., Wang W., Chen C.L., Xiao F.S. Improved catalytic activity and stability of mesostructured sulfated zirconia by A1 promoter // Appl. Catal. A. 2004. V.268. P. 17−24.
- Yang X., Jentoft F.C., Jentoft R.E., Girgsdies F., Ressler T. Sulfated zirconia with ordered mesoporous as an active catalyst for n-butane isomerization // Catal. Lett. 2002. V.81. P.25−31.
- Sun Y., Yuan L., Wang W., Chen C.L., Xiao F.S. Mesostructured sulfated zirconia with high catalytic activity in n-butane isomerization // Catal. Lett. 2003. V.87. №.1−2. P.57−61.
- Beck J.S., Vartuli J.C., Roth W.J., Kresge C.T. et al. A new family of mesoporous molecular sieves prepared with liquid crystal templates // J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. V.114. P.10 834−10 843.
- Kresge C.T., Leonowicz M.E., Roth W.J., Vartuli J.C. Synthetic mesoporous crystaline material // US Patent № 5 098 684 (1992).
- Kresge C.T., Leonowicz M.E., Roth W.J., Vartuli J.C. Composition of synthetic porous crystalline material, its synthesis // US Patent № 5 102 643 (1992).
- Kresge C.T., Leonowicz M.E., Roth W.J., Vartuli J.C. Synthesis of mesoporous aluminosilicate // US Patent № 5 211 934 (1993).
- Yang P., Zhao D., Margolese D.I., Chmelka B.F., Stucky G.D. Generalized syntheses of large-pore mesoporous metal oxides with semicrystalline frameworks //Nature. 1998. V.396. P.152−155
- Cheng W., Baudrin E., Dunn В., Zink J.I. Synthesis and electrochemical properties of mesoporous tungsten oxide // J. Mater.Chem. 2001. V. l 1. P.92−97.
- Kang M., Kim D., Yi S.H., Han J.U., Kim J. Preparation of stable mesoporous inorganic oxides via nano-replication technique // Catal. Today 2004. V.93−95. P.695−699.
- Blin J.L., Becue A., Pauwels В., Van Tendeloo В., Su B.L. Non-ionic surfactant (C13EOm- m=6, 12 and 18) for large pore mesoporous molecular sieves preparation // Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2001. V.44−45. P.41−51.
- Kleitz F., Schmidt W., Schuth F. Evolution of mesoporous materials during the calcinations process: structural and chemical behavior // Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2001. V.44−45. P.95−109.
- Pena M.L., Kan Q., Corma A., Rey F. Synthesis of cubic mesoporous MCM-48 materials from the system Si02: CTAOH/Br: H20 // Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2001. V.44−45. P.9−16.
- Lang N., Tuel A. A fast and efficient ion-exchange procedure to remove surfactant molecules from MCM-41 materials // Chem. Mater. 2004. V.16. P.1961−1966.
- Ciesla U., Schacht S., Stucky G.D., Unger K.K., Schuth F. Formation of a porous zirconium oxo phosphate with high surface area by a surfactant assisted synthesis // Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Eng. 1996. V.35. № 5. P. 541−543.
- Knowles J.A., Hudson M.J. Preparation and characterization of a mesoporous, high surface area zirconium (IV) oxides // J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm. 1995. P.2083−2084.
- Khushalani D., Ozin G.A., Kuperman A. Glycometallate surfactants Part 2: nonaqueous synthesis of mesoporous titanium, zirconium and niobium oxides // J. Mater. Chem. 1999. V.9. № 7. P.1491−1500.
- Blin J.L., Leonard A., Yuan Z.Y., Gigot L., Vantomme A., Cheetham A.K., Su B.L. Hierarchally mesoporous/macroporous metal oxides templated from polyethylene oxide surfactant assemblies // Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003. V.42. № 25. P.2872−2875.
- Tian В., Yang H., Liu X., Xie S., Yu C., Fan J., Tu В., Zhao D. Fast preparation of highly ordered nonsiliceous mesoporous materials via mixed inorganic precursor // Chem. Commun. 2002. P. 1824−1825.
- Liu P., Liu J., Sayari A. Preparation of porous hafnium oxide in the presence of a cationic surfactant// Chem. Commun. 1997. P.577−578.
- Грег С., Синг К. Адсорбция. Удельная поверхность. Пористость. М.: Мир. 1984.
- Neeraj, Rao C.N.R. Phase transformation of mesoporous zirconia // J. Mater. Chem. 1998. V.8. № 7. P. 1631−1634.
- Flego C., Carluccio L., Rizzo C., Perego C. Synthesis of mesoporous Si02-Zr02 mixed oxides by sol-gel method // Catal. Commun. 2001. V.2. P.43−48.
- Grun M., Kurganov A.A., Schacht S., Schuth F., Unger K.K. Comparison of an ordered mesoporous aluminosilicate, silica, alumina, titania and zirconia in normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography // J. Chromatography. A. 1996. V.740. P. 1−9.
- Van de Water L.G.A., Maschmeyer T. Mesoporous membranes a brief overview of recent developments // Topics In Catal. 2002. V.29. P.67−77.
- Ciesla U., Schuth F. Ordered mesoporous materials // Mircopor. Mesopor. Mater. 1999. V.27. P.131−149.
- Yadav G.D., Nair J.J. Sulfated zirconia and its modified versions as promising catalysts for industrial processes // Mircopor. Mesopor. Mater. 1999. V.33. P.1−48.
- Trens Ph., Hudson M.J., Denoyel R. Formation of mesoporous zirconium (IV) oxides of controlled surface areas // J. Mater. Chem. 1998. V.8. P.2147−2152.
- Larsen G., Lotero E., Nabity M., Petkovic L.M., Shobe D.S. Surfactant assisted synthesis of mesoporous zirconia powders with high surface area // J. Catal. 1996. V.164. P.246−248.
- Sun Y., Afanasiev P., Vrinat M., Coudurier G. Porous zirconium phosphates by surfactant assisted precipitation // J. Mater. Chem. 2000. V.10. P.2320−2324.
- Valero R., Durand В., Guth J.L., Chopin T. Hydrothermal synthesis of porous zircon in basic fluorinated medium // Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 1999. V.29. P.311−318.
- Романников В.Н., Фенелонов В. Б., Деревянкин А. Ю. Материал на основе диоксида циркония и способ его приготовления Патент России № 2 129 989 (1999).
- Romannikov V.N., Fenelonov V.B., Paukshtis Е.А., Derevyankin A.Y., Zaikovskii V.I. Mesoporous basic zirconium sulfate: structure, acidic properties and catalytic behavior // Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 1998. V.21. P.411−419.
- Parvulescu V.I., Parvulescu V., Endruschat U., Lehmann Ch.W., Grande P., Poncelet G., Bonnemann H. Preparation and characterization of a mesoporous zirconium oxide. Part 2. // Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2001. V.44−45. P.221−226.
- Zhao E., Hardcastle S.E., Pacheco G., Garcia A., Blumenfeld A.L., Fripiat J.J. Aluminium doped mesoporous zirconia obtained from anionic surfactant // Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 1999. V.31. P.9−21.
- Pacheco G., Zhao E., Garcia A., Sklyarov A., Fripiat J.J. Mesoporous zirconia obtained from anionic templates // Chem. Commun. 1997. P.491−492.
- Pacheco G., Zhao E., Garcia A., Sklyarov A., Fripiat J.J. Synthesis of mesoporous zirconia with anionic surfactant // J. Mater. Chem. 1998. V.8. № 1. P.219−226.
- Piwonski I., Zayac J., Jones D.J. Effect of the porocity and relative surface hidrophobicity of MCM-41 materials // J. Mater. Chem. 1998. V.8. № 1. P. 17−18.
- Wang Y.Q., Yin L.X., Palchik O., Rosenfeld Hacohen Y., Koltypin Y., Gedanken A. Rapid synthesis of mesoporous yttrium zirconium oxides with ultrasound irradiation//Langmuir. 2001. V.17. P.4131−4133.
- Mcintosh D.J., Kydd R.A. Tailoring the pore size of mesoporous sulfated zirconia // Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2000. V.37. P.281−289.
- Sachtler W., Huang Y.Y., McCarthy T.J. Preparation and catalytic testing of mesoporous sulfated zirconium dioxide with partially tetragonal wall structure // Appl. Catal. A. 1996. V.148. P.135−154.
- Sachtler W.M.H., Huang Y.Y. Crystalline mesoporous zirconia catalysts having stable tetragonal pore wall structure // US Patent № 5 786 294 (1998).
- Sachtler W.M.H., Huang Y.Y. Crystalline mesoporous zirconia catalysts having stable tetragonal pore wall structure // PCT Int. №WO 97/43 040 (1997).
- Parvulescu V.I., Parvulescu V., Endruschat U., Lehmann Ch.W., Grande P., Poncelet G., Bonnemann H., Rufinska A. Preparation and characterization of a mesoporous zirconium oxide // Appl. Catal. A. 2001. V.214. P.273−287.
- Pacheco G., Fripiat J.J. Physical chemistry of the thermal transformation of mesoporous and microporous zirconia // J. Phys. Chem. B. 2000. V.104. P. 1 190 611 911.
- Cassiers K., Linssen Т., Aerts K., Cool P., Lebedev O., Van Tandeloo G., Van Grieken R., Vansant E.F. Controlled formation of amine-templated mesostructured zirconia with remarkably high thermal stability // J. Mater. Chem. 2003. V.13. P.3033−3039.
- Yuan Z.Y., Vantomme A., Leonard A., Su B.L. Surfactant assisted synthesis of unprecedented hierarchical meso- macrostructured zirconia // Chem. Commun 2003. P.1558−1559.
- Parvulescu V., Coman S., Grange P., Parvulescu V.I. Preparation and characterization of sulfated zirconia catalysts obtained via various procedures // Appl. Catal. A. 1999. V.176. P.27−43.
- Zhao E., Hernandez O., Pacheco G., Hardcastle S., Fripiat J.J. Thermal behavior and texture of mesoporous zirconia obtained from anionic surfactant // J. Mater. Chem. 1998. V.8. № 7. P. 1635−1640.
- Elder S.H., Goa Y., Li X., Liu J., McCready D.E., Windisch C.F. Zirconia -stabilized 25A Ti02 anatase crystallites in a mesoporous structure // Chem. Mater. 1998. V.10. P.3140−3145.
- Melezhyk O.V., Prudius S.V., Brei V.V. Sol-gel polymer-template synthesis of mesoporous W03/Zr02 // Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2001. V.49. P.39−44.
- Ciesla U., Froba M., Stucky G., Schuth F. Highly ordered porous zirconias from surfactant- controlled syntheses: zirconium oxide-sulfate and zirconium oxo phosphate//Chem. Mater. 1999. V. l 1. P.227−234.
- Chen H.R., Shi J.L., Hua Z.L., Ruan M.L., Yan D.S. Parameter control in the synthesis of ordered porous zirconium oxide // Mater. Lett. 2001. V.51. P.187−193.
- Левинбук М.И., Гайдук И. Нефтепереработка новые вызовы времени // Нефтегазовая вертикаль 2001. № 17.
- Silvy R.P. Future trends in the refining catalyst market // Appl. Catal. A. 2004. V.261. P.247−252.
- Blommel P.G., Gosling C.D., Wilcher S.A. Process for the isomerization of benzene containing feed streams // US Patent № 5 763 7 131 998).
- Blommel P.G., Gosling C.D., Wilcher S.A. Process for the isomerization of benzene containing feed streams // US Patent № 5 962 7 551 999).
- Chang C.D., Bastian R.D., Han S., Santiesteban J.G. Combined paraffin isomerization/ring opening process // US Patent № 5 382 731 (1995).
- Soled S.L., Gates W.E., Iglesia E. Group VIII metal containing tungsten oxide silica modified zirconia as acid catalyst // US Patent № 5 442 327 (1995).
- Chang C.D., Kresge C.T., Santiesteban J.G., Vartuli J.C. Method for preparing a modified solid oxide // US Patent № 5 510 309 (1996).
- Soled S.L., Gates W.E., Iglesia E. Group VIII metal containing tungsten oxide silica modified zirconia as acid catalyst // US Patent № 5 648 589 (1997).
- Chang C.D., Santiesteban J.G., Stern D.L. Catalyst comprising a modified solid oxide // US Patent № 5 719 097 (1998).79. 873. Chang C.D., Santiesteban J.G., Stern D.L. Isomerization process // US Patent № 6 080 904 (2000).
- Chang C.D., Kresge C.T., Santiesteban J.G., Vartuli J.C. Method for preparing an acidic solid oxide // US Patent № 6 124 232 (2000).
- Matsuzawa K. Solid acid catalyst and process for preparing the same // US Patent № 6 107 235 (2000).
- Matsuzawa К. Solid acid catalyst and process for preparing the same // US Patent № 6 326 328(2001).
- Armor J.N. New catalytic technology commercialized in the USA during the 1990s // Appl. Catal. A. 2001. V.222. P.407−426.
- Holm V.C.P., Bailey G.C. // US Patent № 3 032 599 (1962).
- Hino M., Kobayashi S., Arata K. Solid catalyst treated with anion. 2. Reactions of butane and isobutane catalyzed by zirconium oxide treated with sulfate ion. Solid superacid catalyst // J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979. V.101. P.6439 6441.
- Hino M., Arata K. Synthesis of solid superacid catalyst with acid strength of H < -16.04 // J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm. 1980. P. 851 -852.
- Clearfield A., Serrette G. P. D., Khazi-Syed A.H. Nature of hydrous zirconia and sulfated hydrous zirconia // Catal. Today 1994. V.20. P. 295−312.
- Xu B.Q., Sachtler W.M.H. Reduction of SO4 ' ions in sulfated zirconia catalysts // J. Catal. 1997. V.167. № 1. P.224−233.
- Кузнецов П.Н., Кузнецова Л. И., Твердохлебов В. П., Санников A.JI. Катализаторы изомеризации н-алканов С4-С6 // Хим. Техн. 2005. № 2. С.7−14.(92. Жоров Ю. М. Изомеризация углеводородов. Химия и технология. М.: Химия, 1983.
- Yamaguchi Т. Alkane isomerisation and acidity assessment on sulfated Zr02 // Appl. Catal. A. 2001 V .222. P.237−246.
- Xia Y., Hua W., Gao Z. A new catalyst for n-butane isomerization: persulfate -modified A1203 Zr02 // Appl. Catal. A. 1998. V. 185. P.293−300.
- Moreno J.A., Poncelet G. n-butane isomerization over transition metal-promoted sulfated zirconia catalysts: Effect of the metal and sulfate content // Appl. Catal. A. 2001. V.210. P.151−164.
- Sachtler W., Liu H., Lei G.D. Alkane isomerization over solid catalysts. Effects of one-dimentional micropores // Appl. Catal. A. 1996. V.137. P.167−177.
- Yori J.C., Parera J.M. Isomerization of n-butane over Ni/S042'—Zr02 // Appl. Catal. A. 1995. V.129. P.83−91.
- Larsen G., Lotero E., Parra R.D., Petkovic L.M., Silva H.S., Raghavan S. Characterization of Pd supported on sulfated zirconia catalysts by DRIFTS, XAS and n-butane izomerisation reaction in the presence of H2II Appl. Catal. A. 1995. V.130. P.213−226.
- Mortera C., Cerrato G., Ciero S.D., Signoretto M., Minesso A. Isomerization of n-butane over Fe, Mn promoted sulfated zirconia: catalytic activity and surface features of the catalyst // Catal. Lett. 1997. V.49. P.25−34.
- Sander В., Thelen M., Kraushaar-Czarnetzki B. Supercritical isomerization of n-butane over sulfated zirconia. Part I: catalyst lifetime // Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2001. V.40. P.2767−2772.
- Lei Т., Xu J.S., Hua W.M., Tang Y., Gao Z. High-activity catalysts of S0427Zr02 supported on y-Al203 for n-butane isomerization // Catal. Lett. 1999. V.61. P.213−218.
- Yang T.S., Chang Т.Н., Lin C.H., Yeh C.T. Mechanism of n-butane isomerization over superacidic sulfated metal oxides // J. Mol. Catal. A. 2000. V.159. P.397−402.
- Gao Z., Xia Y., Hua W., Miao C. New catalyst of S0427A1203-Zr02 for n-butane isomerization // Topics In Catal. 1998. V.6. P. 101−106.
- Kim S.Y., Goodwin J.G., Galloway D. n-Butane isomerization on sulfated zirconia: isotopic transient kinetic analysis of reaction at the site level // Catal. Lett. 2000. V.64. P. 1−8.
- Kim S.Y., Goodwin J.G., Farcasiu D. The effect of reaction conditions and catalyst deactivation on the mechanism of n-butane isomerization on sulfated zirconia // Appl. Catal. A. 2001. V.207. P.281−286.
- Millet J.M.M., Signoretto M., Bonville P. Characterization of Fe-promoted sulfated zirconia catalysts used for the n-butane isomerization by XPS and Mossbauer spectroscopies II Catal. Lett. 2000. V.64. P.135−140.
- Ward D.A., Ко E.I. Sol-gel synthesis of zirconia supports: important properties for generating n-butane isomerization activity upon sulfate promotion // J. Catal. 1995. V.157. P.321−333.
- Morterra С., Cerrato G., Pinna F., Signoretto M. Crystal phase, spectral features, and catalytic activity of sulfate-doped zirconia systems // J. Catal. 1995. V.157. P.109−123.
- Chen X.R., Chen C.L., Xu N.P., Мои C.Y. Al- and Ga-promoted W03/Zr02 strong solid acid catalysts and their catalytic activities in n-butane isomerization // Catal. Today 2004. V.93−95. P. 129−134.
- Wong S.T., Li Т., Cheng S., Lee J.F., Мои C.Y. Aluminum promoted tungstated zirconia catalysts in n-butane isomerization reaction // J. Catal. 2003. V.215. №.1. P.45−56.
- Chen X.R., Chen C.L., Xu N.P., Мои C.Y. Al- and Ga-promoted W03/Zr02 strong solid acid catalysts and their catalytic activities in n-butane isomerization // Catal. Lett. 2004. V.93−95. P. 129−134.
- Filimonova S.V., Nosov A.V., Scheithauer M., Knozinger H. n-Pentane isomerization over Pt/W0x/Zr02 catalysts: A H1 and C13 study // J. Catal. 2001. V.198. P.89−96.
- Yori J.C., Pieek C.L., Parera J.M. n-Butane isomerization on Pt/W03 Zr02: effect of the Pt incorporation // Appl. Catal. A. 1999. V.181. P.5−14.
- Valigi M., Gazzoli D., Pettiti I., Mattei G. W0x/Zr02 catalysts. Part 1. Preparation, bulk and Surface characterisation // Appl. Catal. A. 2002. V.231. P. 159−172.
- S. De Rossi, Ferraris G., Valigi M., Gazzoli D. W0x/Zr02 catalysts. Part 2.1.omerisation of n-butane // Appl. Catal. A. 2002. V.231. P.173−184.
- Scheithauer M., Jentoft R.E., Gates B.C., Knozinger H. n-Pentane isomerization catalyzed by Fe- and Mn-containing tungstated zirconia characterized by Raman spectroscopy // J. Catal. 2000. V.191. P.271−274.
- Barton D.G., Soled S.L., Meitznert G.D., Fuentes G.A., Iglesia E. Structural and catalytic characterizationof solid acids based on zirconia modified by tungsten oxide // J. Catal. 1999. V.181. P.57−72.
- Querini C.A., Raghavan S., Parra R.D., Larsen G., Lotero E. A study of platinum supported on tungstated zirconia catalysts // Appl. Catal. A. 1996. V.139. P.201−211.
- Larsen G., Petkovic L.M. Effect of preparation method and selective poisoning on the perfofmance of platinum supported on tugstated zirconia catalysts for alkane isomerization//Appl. Catal. A. 1996. V.148. P.155−166.
- Larsen G., Petkovic L.M. On the mechanism of n-butane disproportionation over platinum supported on tungstated zirconia: Isotopic labeling studies // J. Mol. Catal. A. 1996. V. l 13. P.517−522.
- Petkovic L.M., Bielenberg J.R., Larsen G. A comparative study of n-pentane and n-butane Isomerization over zirconia supported tungsten oxide: pulse and flow studies and DRIFTS catalyst characterization // J. Catal. 1998. V.178. № 2. P.533−539.
- Yori J.C., Parera J.M. Influence of the crystalline structure of Zr02 on the metallic properties of Pt in Pt/W03 Zr02 catalysts // Catal. Lett. 2000. V.65. P.205−208.
- Zhang S., Zhang Y., Tierney J.W., Wender I. Anion-modified zirconia: effect of metal promotion and hydrogen reduction on hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane and Fisher-Tropsch waxes // Fuel Proc. Tech. 2001. V.69. P.59−71.
- Kuba S., Lukinskas P., Grasselli R.K., Gates B.C., Knozinger H. Structure and properties of tungstated zirconia catalysts for alkane conversion // J. Catal. 2003. V.216. P. 353−361.
- Yori J.C., Vera C.R., Parera J.M. n-butane isomerization on tungsten oxide supported on zirconia // Appl. Catal. A. 1997. V. l63. P. 165−175.
- Bogdan V.I., Klimenko T.A., Kustov L.M., Kazansky V.B. Supercritical n-butane isomerization on solid acid catalysts // Appl. Catal. A. 2004. V.267. P.175−179.
- Matsuhashi H., Shibata H., Nakamura H., Arata K. Skeletal isomerization mechanism of alkanes over solid superacid of sulfated zirconia // Appl. Catal. A. 1999. V.187. P.99−106.л
- Vera C.R., Yori J.C., Parera J.M. Redox properties and catalytic activity of SO4 «/Zr02 catalysts for n-butane isomerization. Role of transition metal cation promoters//Appl. Catal. A. 1998. V.167. P.75−84.
- Parera J.M., Yori J.C. n-Butane isomerization on metal-promoted sulfated zirconia //Appl. Catal. A. 1996. V.147. P.145−157.
- Melada S., Signoretto M., Somma F., Pinna F., Cerrato G., Meligrana G., Morterra C. Gas and liquis phase reactions on sulphated zirconia prepared by precipitation // Catal. Lett. 2004. V.97. P. 193−198.
- Tomishige K., Okabe A., Fujimoto K. Effect of hydrogen on n-butane isomerization over Pt/S042» Zr02 + Pt/Si02 + S042' - Zr02 // Appl. Catal. A. 2000. V.194−195. P.383−393.
- Trung Tran M., Gnep N.S., Guisnet M., Nascimento P. Influence of hydrogen and of reaction temperature on the mechanism of n-butane isomerization over sulfated zirconia // Catal. Lett. 1997. V.47. P.57−61.
- Wu H.C., Leu L.J., Naccache C., Chao K.J. Comparative study of n-butane transformation over Pt/sulfated zirconia and Pt/zeolites // J. Mol. Catal. A. 1997. V.127. P.143−151.
- Chao K.J., Wu H.C., Leu L.J. Skeletal isomerization of n-butane on zeolites and sulfated zirconium oxide promoted by platinum: effect of reaction pressure // J.Catal. 1995. V.157. № 2. P.289−293.
- Ivanov A.V., Vasina T.V., Masloboishchikova O.V., Khelkovskaya-Sergeeva E.G., Kustov L.M., Houzvicka J.I. Isomerization of n-alkanes on Pt/WC>3 -S04/Zr02 // Catal. Today 2002. V.73. P.95−103.
- Parera J.M., Grau J.M., Yori J.C. Hydroisomerization-cracking of n-octane on Pt/W04 2″ Zr02 and Pt/S04 2' - Zr02 — effect of Pt load on catalyst perfomance // Appl. Catal. A. 2001. V.213. P.247−257.
- Boyse R.A., Ко E.I. Commercially available zirconia tungstate as a benchmark catalytic material // Appl. Catal. A. 1999. V.177. P. L131-L137.
- Hino M., Arata K. Superacids by metal oxides. IX. Catalysis of W (VZrC)2 mechanically mixed with Pt/Zr02 for reaction of butane to isobutane // Appl. Catal. A. 1998. V.169. P.151−155.
- Comelli R.A., Finelli Z.R., Vaudagna S.R., Figoli N.S. Hydro isomerization of n-hexane on Pt/S042″ Zr02: effect of total hydrogen partitial pressure // Catal. Lett. 1997. V.45. P.227−231.
- Tanabe K., Holderich W.F. Industrial application of solid acid-base catalysts // Appl. Catal. A. 1999. V.181. P.399−434.
- Perego С., Ingallina P. Recent advances in the industrial alkylation of aromatics: new catalysts // Cat. Today 2002. V.73. P.3−22.
- Kocal J.A., Vora B.V., Imai T. Production of linear alkylbenzenes // Appl. Catal. A 2001. V.221. P.295−301.143. http://www.petresa.ca/en/produit.asp
- Clark J.H., Monks G.L., Nightingale D.J., Price P.M., White J.M. A new solid acid-based route to linear alkylbenzenes // J. Catal. 2000. V.193. P.348−350.
- Beltrame P., Zuretti G. Kinetic studies for processes of liquid-phase alkylation of aromatics over solid acid catalysts // Green Chem. 2004. V.6. P.7−13.
- Da Z., Han Z., Magnoux P., Guisnet M. Liquid-phase alkylation of toluene with long-chain alkenes over HFAU and HBEA zeolites // Appl. Catal. A. 2001. V.219. P.45−52.
- Han M., Cui Z., Xu C., Chen W., Jin Y. Synthesis of linear alkylbenzene catalyzed by Hp-zeolite // Appl. Catal. A.2003. V.238. P.99−107.
- Knifton J.F., Anantaneni P.R., Dai P.E., Stockton M.E. A new, improved, solid-acid catalyzed process for generating linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) // Catal. Lett. 2001. V.75. P. l 13−117.
- Cao Y., Kessas R., Naccache C., Ben Taarit Y. Alkylation of benzene with dodecene. The activity and selectivity of zeolite type catalysts as a function of the porous structure // Appl. Catal. A. 1999. V.184. P.231−238.
- Zhang J., Zhu Z., Li C., Wen L., Min E. Characterization and kinetic investigation of tungstophosphoric supported on Si02 for alkylation of benzene with 1-dodecene to synthesize linear alkylbenzene // J.Mol.CataLA. 2003. V.198. P.359−367.
- Zhang J., Chen В., Li C., Zhu Z., Wen L., Min E. Kinetics of benzene alkylation with 1-dodecene over a supported tungstophosphoric acid catalyst // Appl. Catal. A. 2003. V.249. P.27−34.
- Wang J., Zhu H.O. Alkylation of 1-dodecene with benzene over H3PW12O41 supported on mesoporous silica SBA-15 // Catal. Lett. 2004. V.93. P.209−212.
- Drago R.S., Kob N. Acidity and reactivity of sulfated zirconia and metal-doped sulfated zirconia//J. Phys. Chem. B. 1997. V.101. P.3360−3364.
- Das D., Chakrabarty D.K. Activity and regenerability of sulfated zirconia superacid catalysts in isobutane/l-butene alkylation // Energy & Fuels. 1998. V.12. P.109−114.
- Xiao X., Tierney J.W., Wender I. Alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene over anion-modified zirconium oxide catalysts // Appl. Catal. A. 1999. V.183. P.209−219.
- Thomson et al. Supercritical alkylation and butene dimerisation over sulfated zirconia and iron-manganese promoted sulfated zirconia catalysts // Appl. Catal. A. 2001. V.209. P.359−374.
- Crossland C.S., Johnson A., Woods J., Pitt E.G. Paraffin alkylation process // US Patent № 5 157 196(1992).
- Crossland C.S., Johnson A., Woods J., Pitt E.G. Paraffin alkylation catalyst // US Patent № 5 190 904(1993).
- Crossland C.S., Johnson A., Woods J., Pitt E.G. Apparatus of alkylation using alkanes and olefins // US Patent № 5 346 676 (1994).
- Cooper M.D., King D.L., Sanderson W.A. Isoparaffln alkylation using a lewis acid promoted transition alumina catalyst // US Patent № 5 157 197 (1992).
- Cooper M.D., Rao P., King D.L., Lopez R.R. Method for regenerating certain acidic hydrocarbon conversion catalysts by solvent extraction // US Patent № 5 326 923(1994).
- Kojima M., Kocal J.A. Regeneration of a modified alkylation catalyst with hydrogen // US Patent № 5 391 527 (1995).
- Zhang S.Y.F., Gosling C.D., Sechrist P.A., Funk G.A. Fluidized bed solid catalyst motor fuel alkylation process // US Patent № 5 672 798 (1997).
- Hommeltoft S.I. Isobutane alkylation recent developments and future // Appl. Catal. A. 2001. V.221. P.421−428.
- Angstadt H.P., Hollstein E.J., Hsu C.Y. Alkylation process using solid superacid catalyst liquid phase // US Patent № 5 491 278 (1996).
- Zhao E., Isaev Yu., Sklyarov A, Fripiat J.J. Acid centers in sulfated, phosphated and/or aluminated zirconias // Catal. Lett. 1999. V.60. P.173−181.
- Chidambaram M., Venkatesan C., Rajamohanan P.R., Singh A.P. Synthesis of acid functionalized mesoporous =Zr-0-S02-CF3 catalysts- heterogenization of CF3SO3H over mesoporous Zr (OH)4 // Appl. Catal. A. 2003. V.244. P.27−37.
- Parambadath S., Chidambaram M., Singh A.P. Synthesis, characterization and catalytic properties of benzyl sulfonic acid functionalized Zr-TMS catalysts // Catal. Today 2004. V.97. P.233−240.
- Mishra H.K., Dalai A.K., Parida K.M., Bej S.K. Butane isomerisation over persulfated zirconia // Appl. Catal. A. 2001. V.217. P.263−273.
- Alberti G., Cavalaglio S., Marmottini F., Matusek K., Megyeri J., Szirites L. Preparation of a composite zirconium Phoshpate-silics with large specific surface and its first characterization as acid catalyst // Appl. Catal. A. 2001. V.218. P.219−228.
- Suh Y.W., Lee J.W., Rhee H.K. Synthesis of thermally stable tetragonal zirconia with large surface area and its catalytic activity in the skeletal isomerization of 1-butene // Catal. Lett. 2003. V. 90. P.103−109.
- Falco M.G., Boero L., Figoli N.S. Preparation of porous materials as catalysts for isomerization reaction // Granular Matter 2001. V.3. P.109−111.
- Шахно И.В., Шевцова 3.H., Федоров П. И., Коровин C.C. Химия и технология редких и рассеянных элементов. Часть II. М.: Высшая Школа. 1976.
- Reimer Т., Spielbauer D., Hunger М., Mekhemer G.A.H, and Knozinger H. Superacid properties of sulfated zirconia as measured by Raman and 1H MAS NMR spectroscopy // J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 1181−1182.
- Holmes S.M., Zholobenko V.L., Thursfield A., Plaisted R.J., Cundy C.S., Dwyer J. In Situ FTIR study of the formation of MCM-41 // J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1998, V. 94, 2025−2026.
- Kumar N., Villegas J.I., Salmi Т., Murzin D.Yu., Heikkila T. Isomerization of n-butane to isobutane over Pt-SAPO-5, SAPO-5, Pt-H-mordenite and H-mordenite catalysts // Catal. Today. 2005. V. 100. P. 355−361.
- Luong B.X., Petre A.L., Hoelderich W.F., Commarieu A., Laffitte J.-A., Espeillac M., Souchet J.-C. Use of methansulfonic acid as catalyst for the production of linear alkylbenzenes // J. Catal. 2004. V.226. № 2. P. 301−307.