Применение высокой грудной эпидуральной анестезии у больных кардиохирургического профиля с ожирением
Диссертация
На протяжении многих лет сочетание соматически отягощенного анамнеза и высокого риска анестезии значительно ограничивало применение инвазивных вмешательств на сердце у больных, страдающих ожирением. Вместе с тем, хирургическая коррекция сердечной патологии для этой группы, во многих случаях, является единственно возможным вариантом сохранения не только качества жизни, но и самой жизни… Читать ещё >
Список литературы
- Беюл Б. А. Попова Ю.П. Сызганцев Ю. К. Состояние белкового обмена у больных ожирением. // Вопр. питания.- 1996.- № 4, — С.20−22.
- Бокерия, Л.А. Сердечно-сосудистая хирургия 2008. Болезни и врожденные аномалии системы кровообращения / Бокерия Л. А., Гудкова Р. Г. — М.: НЦССХ им. А. Н. Бакулева РАМН, 2009. — С-9−12.
- Боровских H.A. Влияние некоторых анестетиков на кардиогемодинамику и функциональное состояние печени у больных массивным ожирением.//Дис. .канд.мед.наук.-Л., 1985.
- Боровских H.A., Седлецкий Ю. И. Влияние комбинированного обезболивания кеталаром на кардиогемодинамику больных ожирением. 7/ Вестн. хирургии 1984, — № 1.- С. 128−132.
- Бунятян А. А, Выжигина М. А., Флеров Е. В. с соавт. Стабильность центральной гемодинамики как критерий адекватности анестезиологической защиты при операциях на легких. // Материалы III Всесоюз. съезда анестезиологов и реаниматологов, — Рига.- 1983.- С. 15.
- Бутрова, С.А. Ожирение. Метаболический синдром. Сахарный диабет 2 типа / Бутрова С. А. М.: НЦ эндокринологии, 2000. — С.5−6.
- Бутрова С.А. Метаболический синдром: патогенез, клиника, диагностика, подходы к лечению. РМЖ2001- 2 (9): 56−60.
- Бутрова С.А., Дзгоева Ф. Х. Висцеральное ожирение ключевое звено метаболического синдрома. // Ожирение и метаболизм 2004- 1: 10−16.
- Васюкова Е.А., Писарская И. В., Шарова Ю. А. Гемокоагуляционные сдвиги у больных ожирением. // Сов. мед.-1994, — № 6, — С. 147−148.
- Гинзбург М.М., Козупица Г. С. Синдром инсулинрезистентности. // Проблемы эндокринологии, — 1997.-T.43J1.- С.40−43. .
- Государственный стандарт Российской Федерации ГОСТ Р 50 779.42−99 «Статистические методы: контрольные карты Шухарта».
- Дедов И.И., Александров Ан.А., Кухаренко С. С. Сердце и ожирение. //Ожирение и метаболизм 2006, N.1, с.14−21.
- Дедов И.И., Безлепкина О. Б. Ожирение и врожденный гипопитуитаризм. // Сахарный диабет, 2004. N. 3, с. 16−21.
- Дзгоева Ф.Х. Ожирение и дислипидемия. // В кн. Ожирение. Метаболический синдром. Сахарный диабет 2 типа (под ред. Дедова И.И.), М.-2000.-С.14−16.
- Зильбер А.П. Синдром сонного апное, — Петрозаводск.- изд. ПТУ.1994.-С.92−98.
- Зильбер А.П. Респираторная медицина. «Этюды критической медицины», т.2.- Петрозаводск.- изд. ПТУ.- 1996.- С.72−88.
- Зильбер А.П., Шурыгин И. А. Высокочастотная вентиляция легких.-Петрозаводск, — изд. ПТУ, 1993.- 131с.
- Иен Смит, Пол Уайт. Тотальная внутривенная анестезия: пер. с англ. под ред. А. Ю. Лубнина.- СПб.: ЗАО «Издательство БИНОМ"-«Невский диалект», 2002.-176 с.
- Какабадзе Д.Д. Выключение части тонкой кишки при патологическом ожирении. // Вестн. хир, — 1983, — т. 130.- № 1.- С. 142 145.
- Калюжный И.Т., Молдобаева М. С. Микроциркуляция и транскапиллярный обмен у больных ожирением. // Клинич. медицина.1995.- т.63.- № 7.- С. 114 г 118.
- Кассиль В.Л., Лескин Г. С., Выжигина М. А. Респираторная поддержка.- М.: «Медицина», 1997.
- Кисляков Ю.Я., Бреслав И. С. Дыхание, динамика газов и работоспособность при гипербарии.-Л., 1987.
- Корниенко, А.Н. Эпидуральная анестезия при операциях на сердце у больных с ожирением / Корниенко А. Н., Кецкало М. В., Бутовский М. С. //Анестезиология и реанимация. 2004. 4. С-16−19.
- Лебедев Л.В., Седлецкий Ю. И. Хирургическое лечение ожирения и гиперлипидемий.-Л., 1987.-217 с.
- Лобачева Г. В. Осложнения послеоперационного периода // Дис. докг.мед.науК.-Л., 2000.
- Мельниченко Г. А., Романцова Т. И. Ожирение: эпидемиология, классификация, клиническая симптоматика и диагностика. В сборнике: Ожирение //Под ред. И. И. Дедова, Г. А. Мельниченко. М., 2004. — С. 16 -43.
- Милько В.И., Степанова Н. В., Москаленко Н. И. с соавт. Функциональное состояние гепатобилиарной системы у больных алиментарным ожирением. // Врачеб. дело.- 1990.- № 6.- С.42−45.
- Молдобаева М.С. Микроциркуляция у больных ожирением. // Актуальные проблемы эндокринологии, — Фрунзе, 1993.- С.222−224.
- Морган-мл. Д.Э., Михаил М. С. Клиническая анестезиология: книга 2-я // Пер. с англ.-М.- СПб.: БИНОМ-Невский Диалект, 2001.-С.276−279.
- Петеркова В.А., Ремизов О. В. Ожирение в детском возрасте. В сборнике: Ожирение /Под ред. И. И. Дедова, Г. А. Мельниченко. М., 2004.-С. 312−328.
- Старкова Н.Т., Бирюкова Е. В. Ожирение у подростков. В сборнике: Ожирение //Под ред. И. И. Дедова, Г. А. Мельниченко. М., 2004. — С. 330 — 348.
- Софиенко Г. И. Выбор метода анестезии у больных с сопутствующим ожирением при операциях общехирургического профиля. //Дисс. .канд.мед.наук.-Киев, 1984.
- Тарроу А.Б., Эриксон Д. К. Теоретические и клинические основы анестезиологии (пер. с англ.).- М., «Медицина», 1997.
- Толмачев, К.М. Современные аспекты анестезиологического обеспечения больных с избыточной массой тела / Толмачев, К. М. Дис. Канд-та. мед. наук. М., 2004. -С-26−33.
- Трекова Н.А. Анестезиологические аспекты профилактики цитогенетических эффектов ингаляционных анестетиков. //Дисс. .док.мед.наук.- М., 1986.
- Чепкий Л.П. Интенсивная терапия и обезболивание у больных с ожирением. Методич. рекомендации.- МЗ УССР, разраб. Киев. мед. институтом им. Богомольца, Киев, 1984.-27 с.
- Шурыгин Д.Я., Вязицкий П. О., Сидоров К. Я. Ожирение,-Ленинград: «Медицина», 1975.-С.76−83.
- Шурыгин Д.Я., Вязицкий П. О., Сидоров К. А. Ожирение. Л., 1980. -С. 10−24.
- Adams, JP. Obesity in anaesthesia and intensive care / Adams JP, Murphy PG. // Br J Anaesth 2000, 85: P. 91−108
- Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ 1998 Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med/15:539−553
- Alpert M.A., Hashimi M.W. Obesity an the heart. // Am. J. Med. Sci.1993. -306:117−123.
- Anrein R., Leishman B., Bentzinger C. et al. Flumazenil in benzodiazepinetagonism. Actions and clinical use in intoxications and anaesthesiology. // Med. xied.-1987.-2:411−429.
- Avarez A.O., Cascardo A., Menendez S.A. et al. Total intravenous anesthesia th midazolam, remifentanil, propofol and cisatracurium in morbid obesity. //fes.Surg.-2000.-N10, — P.353−360.
- American Obesity Association Fact Sheet: http://www.obesitv.org/ subs/fastfacts/obesityJJS.shtml. World Wide Web. 2004. 6−2-2004.
- Shwell M. The health of the nation target for obesity. // Int. J. Obes.1994.-1.18.-P.837−840.
- Bacha F., Saad R., Gungor N. et al. Obesity, regional fat distribution, and syndrome X in obese black versus white adolescents: race differential in diabetogenic and atherogenic risk factors. // J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003, V. 88, P.2534−2540.
- Bakris, G. L. et al. GEMINI Investigators. Metabolic effects of carvedilol vs metoprolol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 292, 2227−2236 (2004).
- Barlow SE, Dietz WH 1998 Obesity evaluation and treatment: Expert Committee recommendations. The Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services. Pediatrics 102: e29
- Bays, H. & Stein, E. A. Pharmacotherapy for dyslipidaemia — current therapies and future agents. Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 4, 1901−1938 (2003).
- Berg, A. H., Scherer, P. E. Adipose tissue, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. Circ. Res. 96, 939−949 (2005).
- Biring M.S., Lewis M.I., Liu J.T., Mohsenifar Z. Pulmonary physiologic changes of morbid obesity. //Am. J. Med. Sci.- 1999.- 318(5): 283−297.
- Bonadonna R.C., Groop L., Kraemer N. et al. Obesity and insulin resistance in humans: a dose response study. // Metabolism.- 1990.-vol.39.- 5:452−459.
- Bray G.A., York D.A. Hypothalamic and genetic obesity in experimental animals: an autonomic and endocrine hypothesis. // Physiol review, 1979, Vol.59. P.719 — 809.
- Bray G.A. Obesity: a time bomb to be defused. // Lancet.-1998.-18:160−161.
- Brodsky J.B., Lemmens H.J., Brock-Utne J.G. et al. Morbid obesity and tracheal intubation. // Anesth. Analg.- 2002.- 94(3): 732−736. M3. Buckley F.P., Robinson N.B., Simonowitz D.A. et al.
- Buckley F.P. Anaesthetic management of the obese patient. // 'In: Anaesthesia (2nded.). Nimmo W.S., Rowbotham D.J., Smith G. (ed). Oxford, Blackwell Scientific-1994.-P.1148−1160.
- Buckley F.P. Anesthesia and obesity and gastrointestinal disorders. In Clinical anesthesia. Barash P.G. (ed). Philadelphia.-1998.- P. 1170−1183.
- Campbell KJ, Waters E, O’Meara S, Kelly S, Summerbel CD 2004 Interventions for preventing obesity in children (Cochrane review). Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
- Caro J.F., Sinha M.K., Kolaczynski J.W., Zhang P.L., Considine R.V. Leptin: the tale of an obesity gene. Diabetes 1996−45:1455—62.
- Caro J.F. Insulin resistance in obese and nonobese man // Clinical review, 1991, Vol.73. N. 4. — P.691 -695.
- Carricarte A.R. Complications. // In: Obesity: A Clinical Approach. Carricarte i.R.(ed). Mexico. Diseno y Servicios Graficos.-1997, — P.87−101.
- Cheah, MH. Obesity: basic science and medical aspects relevant to anesthetist. / Cheah MH, Kam PCA//Anesthesia 2005, 60: P. 1009−25
- Clement K, Ferre P. Genetics and the pathophysiology of obesity. Pediatr Res 2003. 53:721−725
- Cockshott J.D. Propofol (diprivan) pharmacocinetics and metabolizm- an verview. // Postrad. Med. J.-1995, — 61 (3): 45−50.
- Colditz G.A. et al. Weight gain as a risk factor for clinical diabetes mellitus in /omen. //Ann. Int. Med.- 1995.- 122:481−486.
- Comelli L.F., Pignatelli M.G., Rolla G. Effect of PEEP on arterial oxygenation during jejuno-ileal bypass surgery for the treatment of morbid obesity. < Minerva anaesthesiol.- 1993.- Vol.49.- 3:111−118.
- Curran, M. P. & Scott, L. J. Orlistat: a review of its use in the management of patients with obesity. Drugs 64, 2845−2864 (2004).
- DeFronzo R.A., Ferrannini E. Insulin resistance, a multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dislipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. // Diabetes Care.- 1991, — Vol.4.-3:173−194.
- Divitiis O.D., Fazio S., Petitto M. et al. Obesity and cardiac function. // Circulation.-1981.-64:477−482.
- Deitel M.(ed). Update: Surgery for the Morbidly Obese Patient. Toronto, Canada, 2000.-P. 1−104.
- De Pergola, G. & Pannacciulli, N. Coagulation and fibrinolysis abnormalities in obesity. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 25, 899−904 (2002).
- DeLisser H.M., Grippi M.A. Preoperative evaluation and preparation of patients rith pulmonary disease. // In: Perioperative Medicine (2nd edition). Goldman D.R., irown F.H., Guarnierl D.M. (eds). USA. McGrawn-Hill, 1994.-P.223−235.
- Despres, J. P., Golay, A. & Sjostrom, L. Rimonabant in Obesity-Lipids Study Group. Effects of rimonabant on metabolic risk factors in overweight patients with dyslipidemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 353, 2121−2134 (2005).
- Drenick E.J., Bale G.S., Seltzer F. et al. Excessive mortality and causes of death i morbidly obese men. // JAMA.- 1998, — 243:443−445.
- Eckel, R. H., Grundy, S. M. & Zimmet, P. Z. The metabolic syndrome: epidemiology, mechanisms, and therapy. Lancet 365, 1415−1428 (2005). Reviews the worldwide epidemiology, pathophysiology and management of the metabolic syndrome.
- Engeland A., Bjorge T., Tverdal A., Sogaard A.J. Obesity in adolescence and adulthood and the risk of adult mortality. // Epidemiology 2004, V.15(1), P.79 85.
- Evans, R. M., Barish, G. D. & Wang, Y. X. PPARs and the complex journey to obesity. Nature Med. 10, 355−361 (2004).
- Flier J.S., Maratos-Flier E. Obesity and the hypothalamus: novel peptides for new pathways. Cell 1998−92:437—40.
- Foster GD, Wyatt HR, Hill JO, McGuckin BG, Brill C, Mohammed BS, Szapary PO, Rader DJ, Edman JS, Klein S 2003 A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity. N Engl J Med 348:2082−2090
- Freedman D.S. Relationship of changes in obesity to serum lipid and lipoprotein changes in childhood and adolescence. //JAMA 1985, V.254(4), P. 515−20.
- French SA, Harnack L, Jeffery RW 2006 Fast food restaurant use among women in the Pound of Prevention study: dietary, behavioral and demographic correlates. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 24:1353−1359
- Friedland O., Nemet D., Gorodnitsky N. et al. Obesity and lipid profiles in children and adolescents. // J Pediatr Endocrin Metab 2002, V.15, P.1011−1016.
- Girman, C. J. et al. The metabolic syndrome and risk of major coronary events in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) andthe Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/Tex- CAPS). Am. J. Cardiol. 93, 136−141 (2004).
- Goldberg M.E., Rosenberg F.L., Everts E.A. Jr. et al. Metoclopramide and Cimetidine pretreatment does not reduce the risk of acid aspiration in the morbidly obese patient. //Anesthesiology.- 1995,-63:A279.
- Gordon-Larsen P, McMurray RG, Popkin BM 1999 Adolescent physicalactivity and inactivity vary by ethnicity: The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. J Pediatr 135:301−306
- Grundy, S. M. et al. Definition of metabolic syndrome: report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation 109, 433 438 (2004).
- Grundy, S. M. et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome. An American Heart Association/ National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation 112, 2735−2752 (2005).
- Guillermo D.C., Borunda D., Gonzalez R. et al. Anesthesia for morbidly obese patients. // In: Update: Surgery for the Morbidly Obese Patient. Deitel M. ed).
- Toronto, Canada.-2000.- P.95−104.
- Gupta NK, Mueller WH, Chan W, Meininger JC 2002 Is obesity associated with poor sleep quality in adolescents? Am J Human Biol 14:762−768
- Herrera M.F., Lozano-Salazar R.R., Gonzalez-Brranco J. et al. Diseases and problems secondary to massive obesity. // In: Update: Surgery for the Morbidly Obese Patient. Deitel M. (ed). Toronto, Canada.-2000, — P.55−62.
- Howard B.V. Insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. // Am. J. Cardiol.- 1999.-Jul. 8.-84(IA):28J-32J.
- Isomaa, B. et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 24, 683−689 (2001).
- Jacobsen P.L., Jensen E., Waldau T. et al. Preoperative evaluation of intubation conditions in patients scheduled for elective surgery. // Acta. Anaesthesiol. Scand.-1996.-40:421−424.
- Jandeleit-Dahm, K. A., Tikellis, C., Reid, C. M., Johnston, C. I. & Cooper, M. E. Why blockade of the renin-angiotensin system reduces the incidence of new-onset diabetes. J. Hypertens. 23, 463−473 (2005).
- Julius, S., Majahalme, S. & Palatini, P. Antihypertensive treatment of patients with diabetes and hypertension. Am. J. Hypertens. 14, S310-S316 (2001).
- Juul A. Low IGF levels: the risk of cardiovascular disease. // Topical Endocrinology 2004, V. 14, P.21 -22.
- Katz J., Benumof J., Kadis L.B. Anesthesia and Uncommon Diseases (pathophysiologic and clinical correlations) (2end ed.). PhiladelphiaLondon-Toronto- Sydney, 1981.- P.452−453
- Karelis AD, St. Pierre DH, Conus F, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Poehlman ET 2004 Metabolic and body composition factors in subgroups of obesity: what do we know? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:2569−2575.
- Kay N.H., Uppington L., Searl W. et al. Use of emulsion lei 35 868 (propofol) for the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. // BJA.- 1995.57: 736−742.
- Kirkpatrick T., Cockshott J.D., Doughlas E.J. et al. The pharmacokinetics of propofol in elderly patients. // BJA.- 1988, — 60: 140 150.
- Knowler, W. C. et al. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Prevention of type 2 diabetes with troglitazone in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes 54, 1150−1156 (2005).
- Kokkoris P, Pi-Sunyer FX 2003 Obesity and endocrine disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 32:895−914
- Kortelainen M.L., Sarkioja T. Coronary atherosclerosis associated with body structure and obesity in 599 women aged between 15 and 50 years. // Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord.- 1999, — 23(8):838−844.
- Krai J.G., Strauss R.J., Wise L. Perioperative risk management in obese patients. // In: Surgery for the Morbidly Obese Patient. Deitel M.(ed). Philadelphia, London, Lea&Febiger, 1989.-P.55−65.
- Kubik MY, Lytle LA, Hannan PJ, Perry CL, Story M 2003 The association of the school food environment with dietary behaviors of young adolescents. Am J Public Health 93:1168−1173
- Kyzer S., Charuzi I. Obstructive sleep apnea in the obese. // World Jor. of Surg.-1998.-22:998−1001.
- Lakka, H. M. et al. The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middleaged men. JAMA 288, 2709−2716(2002).
- Lam A.M., Grace D.M., Penny F.J. et al. Prophylactic IV Cimetidine reduces the risk of acid aspiration in morbidly obese patients. // Anesthesiology.-1996.-65:684.
- Langeron O., Masso E., Huraux C et al. Prediction of difficult mask ventilation. // Anesthesiology.- 2000.- 92(5): 1229−1236.
- Lauer M.S., Anderson K.M., Kanner W.B. et al. The impact of obesity on left ventricular mass and geometry- the Framingham Heart Study. // JAMA.-1991.-266:231−236.
- Lev-Ran A 2001 Human obesity: an evolutionary approach to understanding our bulging waistline. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 17:347−362
- Lithell, H. O. Effect of antihypertensive drugs on insulin, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Diabetes Care 14, 203−209 (1991).
- Lurbe E, Alvarez V, Redon J 2001 Obesity, body fat distribution, and ambulatory blood pressure in children and adolescents. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 3:362−367
- Macgregor A.M., Boggs L. Drug distribution in obesity and following bariatnc surgery: A literature review. // Obes. Surg.- 1996, — 6:17−27.
- Manchikanti L., Roush J.R., Colliver J.R. Effect of preanesthetic ranitidine and metoclopramide on gastric contents of morbidly obese patients. //Anesth. Analg.-1986.-65:195.
- Martinotti R., Vassallo C, Ramaioli F. et al. Anesthesia with sevoflurane in bariatric surgery. // Obes. Surg.- 1999.- 9:180−182.
- Malik, S. et al. Impact of the metabolic syndrome on mortality from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and all causes in United States adults. Circulation 110, 1245−1250 (2004).
- McNeill, A. M. et al. The metabolic syndrome and 11-year risk of incident cardiovascular disease in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Diabetes Care 28, 385−390 (2005).
- McTigue KM, Harris R, Hemphill B, Lux L, Sutton S, Bunton AJ, Lohr KN. 2003 Screening and interventions for obesity in adults: summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 139:933−949
- Michaloudis D, Fraidakis O et al: Continuous spinal anesthesia/analgesia for perioperative management of morbidly obese patients undergoing laparotomy for gastroplastic surgery. // Obes. Surg.-2000.- 10:220−228.
- Moffitt E.A., Scovill J.E., Barker R.A. et al. Myocardial metabolism and hemodynamics of nitrous oxide in fentanyl or enflurane anesthesia in coronary patients. //Anesthesiology.-1983.-vol.59.-A31.
- Nilsson A., Tamsen A., Persson P. Medazolam-fentanyl anaesthesia for major surgery. Plasma levels of midazolam during prolonged total intravenous anaesthesia. //Acta Anaesth. Scand.- 1996, — 30: 66−69.
- Ninomiya, J. K. et al. Association of the metabolic syndrome with history of myocardial infarction and stroke in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Circulation 109, 42−46 (2004).
- Oberg B., Poulsen T.D. Obesity: an anaesthetic challenge. // Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand.- 1996.-40:191−200.
- Olijhoek, J. K. et al. The metabolic syndrome is associated with advanced vascular damage in patients with coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease or abdominal aortic aneurysm. Eur. Heart J. 25, 342−348 (2004).
- O’Rahilly S, Farooqi IS, Yeo GS, Challis BG 2003 Minireview: human obesity—lessons from monogenic disorders. Endocrinology 144:37 573 764
- Paul. D.R., Hoyt J.L., Bountros A.R. Cardiovascular and respiratory changes in response to change of posture in the very obese. // Anesthesiology.- 1976.-Vol.45.- 1:73−78.
- Paul A.K. The obese patients and the Anaesthetist. // Indian. Med. J.-1980.-Vol.74, — 4: 37−29.
- Persson M.P., Nilsson A., Hartvig P. et al. Pharmacokinetics of midazolamduring total intravenous anaesthesia. // B J A.-1987, — 59: 548−556.
- Raeder J.C., Hole A., Arnulf V. et al. Total intravenous anaesthesia with nidazolam and flumazenil in outpatient clinical. A Comparison with isoflurane or iopentone. //Acta Anaesth. Scand.-1987, — 31: 634−641.
- Ray C.S., Sue D.Y., Bray G. et al. Effects of obesity on respiratory function. //m. Rev. Respir. Drs.~ 1983.- 128(3): 501−506.
- Ridker, P. M. Connecting the role of C-reactive protein and statins in cardiovascular disease. Clin. Cardiol. 26 (Suppl. 3), 39−44 (2003).
- Robinson, J. G., Smith, B., Maheshwari, N. & Schrott, H. Pleiotropic effects of statins: benefit beyond cholesterol reduction? A meta-regression analysis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 46, 1855−1862 (2005).
- Rubins, H. B. High-density lipoprotein and coronary heart disease: lessons from recent intervention trials. Prev. Cardiol. 3, 33−39 (2000).
- Rocke D.A., Murray W.B., Rout C.C. et al. Relative risk analysis of factors issociated with difficult intubation in obstetric anesthesia. // Anesthesiology.-1992.-77:67.
- Rollason, V. & Vogt, N. Reduction of polypharmacy in the elderly: a systematic review of the role of the pharmacist. Drugs Aging 20, 817−832 (2003).
- Ruderman, N., Chisholm, D., Pi-Sunyer, X. & Schneider, S. The metabolically obese, normal-weight individual revisited. Diabetes 47, 699 713 (1998).
- Salem M.R., Joseph N., Lim R. et al. Respiratory and hemodynamic response to PEEP in grossly obese patients. // Anesthesiology.- 1984.- 61: A511.
- Saravanakumar K. Obesity and obstetric anesthesia / Saravanakumar K, Rao SG, Cooper GM // Anesthesia 2006, 61: P. 36−48
- Sardinha LB, Going SB, Teixeira PJ, Lohman TG 1999 Receiver operating characteristic analysis of body mass index, triceps skinfold thickness, and arm girth for obesity screening in children and adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 70:1090−1095
- Sattar, N. et al. Metabolic syndrome with and without C-reactive protein as a predictor of coronary heart disease and diabetes in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. Circulation 108, 414- 419 (2003).
- Schachter LM, Peat JK, Salome CM 2003 Asthma and atopy in overweight children. Thorax 58:1031−1035
- Servi F., Farinotti R. Propofol infusion for maintenance of anesthesia in morbidly) bese patients receiving nitrous oxide: a clinical and pharmacodmamic study. // Anesthesiology.-1993.- 78:657−665.
- Shenkman Z. Perioperative management of the obese patient. / Shankman Z, Shir Y, Brodsky // J. Br J Anaesth 1993, 70: P. 349−59.
- Solymoss, B. C. et al. Incidence and clinical characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in patients with coronary artery disease. Coron. Artery Dis. 14, 207−212(2003).
- Sondike SB, Copperman N, JacobsonMS2003 Effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factor in overweight adolescents. J Pediatr 142:253−258
- Staessen, J. A., Wang, J.-G. & Thijs, L. Cardiovascular prevention and blood pressure reduction: a quantitative overview updated until 1 March 2003. J. Hypertens. 21, 1055−1076 (2003).
- Strauss R.J., Wisel L. Operative risk of obesity. // Surg. Gynecol. Obstet.- 1988.-Vol.l46.-№ 2.-P.286−291.
- Strube P.J., Hulands G.M., Halsey M.J. Serum fluoride levels in morbidly obese patients: Enflurane compared with isoflurane. // Anaesthesia.-1997, — 42:685.
- Tseuda K., Debrand M., Bivins B.A. et al. Pulmonary complitions in the morbidly obese following jejuno-ileal bypass surgery under narcotics anaesthesia. // Intern. Surg.- 1998.-Vol.65.- 2: 123−129.
- UKPDS Study Group. Efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes. BMJ 317,713−720(1998).
- Ur E., Grossman A., Despres J.P. Obesity results as a consequence of glucocorticoid induced leptin resistance. Horm Metab Res 1996−28:744−7.
- Urbina EM, Gidding SS, Bao W, Elkasabany A, Berenson GS. Association of fasting blood sugar level, insulin level, and obesity with left ventricular mass in healthy children and adolescents: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Am Heart J. 1999. 138:122−127
- Vaughan R.W. Biochemical and biotransformation alterations in obesity. // In Anesthesia and the Obese Patient. Brown B.R. (ed). Contemporary Anesthesia Practice Series. Philadelphia, FA Davis, 1992.-P.55−60.
- Visscher TL, Seidell JC 2001 The public health impact of obesity. Annu Rev Public Health 22:355−375 JCEM is published monthly by The
- Endocrine Society (http://www.endo-society.org), the foremost professional society serving the endocrine community.
- Voyagis G.S., Kyriakis K.P., Dimitriou V., Vrettou I. Value of oropharyngeal lallampati classification in predicting difficult laryngoscopy among obese atients. // Eur. J. Anaesthesiol.-1998, — 15(3): 330−334.
- Wadden T.A., Stunkard A.J. Social and psychological consequences of obesity. II nn. Intern. Med.-1985.-103:1062.
- Wang LY, Yang Q, Lowry R, Wechsler H 2003 Economic analysis of a school-based obesity prevention program. Obes Res 11:1313−1324
- Weiss R., Dziura J., Burgert T.S. et al. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. // New Engl J Med, 2004. Vol. 350. — P. 2362 — 2374.
- Williams M, Gracely EJ, Stern LA low-carbohydrate as compared with a low-fat diet in severe obesity. N Engl J Med. 2003. 348:2074−2081
- Wilson A.T., Reilly C.S. Anaesthesia and the obese patient. // Int. J. Obes.-1993.- 17:427−435.
- Wolf A.M., Colditz G.A. Social and economic effects of body weight in the United States. // Am. J. Clin. Nutr.- 1996.- Vol. 63.- 3(suppl):466S-469S.
- Young T, Peppard PE, Gottlieb DJ 2002 Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea: a population health perspective. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165:1217−1239.
- Young T, Skatrud J, Peppard PE 2004 Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in adults. JAMA 291:2013−2016
- Zametkin AJ, Zoon CK, Klein HW, Munson S 2004 Psychiatric aspects of child and adolescent obesity: a review of the past 10 years. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 43:134−150.