Поняття температури
X00D0aiex00B3eo oex00B3x00BA? iiaax00F0oix00B3 noaix00F0ththoue oeyoii inaaeaeaiiy ia ia? oax00F0o aoaeaoeth. Ia oeth x00F0aiex00B3eo c aoaeaoeth iaieeyx00BAoueny aaaeeee iaoae, a oeaieie ix00B3ae x00F0aiex00B3eith x00F0oeiothoueny, ye ix00F0aaeei aex00B3x00BAth neeueieo eeneio ix00F0e iix00F0iaeueiiio aoiinoax00F0iiio oeneo. Oeae iaoiae a aeoaea cx00F0o/iei ix00F0e aea/aiix00B3 nox00F0oeoox00F0e… Читать ещё >
Поняття температури (реферат, курсовая, диплом, контрольная)
Iiiyooy oaiiax00F0aoox00F0e.
Oaiiax00F0aoox00F0a — oea aeineoue aaaeeeaa oax00F0aeoax00F0enoeea oax00F0iiaeeiaix00B3/ii? nenoaie. Aiia aecia/ax00BA nooix00B3iue iaax00F0x00B3oinox00B3 ox00B3e x00B3 x00BA ix00B3x00F0ith x00B3ioaineaiinox00B3 oaieiaiai x00F0ooo.
Aioox00F0x00B3oix00B3 iax00F0aiaox00F0e nenoaie iiaex00B3eythoueny ia x00B3ioaineaix00B3 oa aenoaineaix00B3. Iax00F0aiaox00F0e oax00F0iiaeeiaix00B3/ii? nenoaie, yex00B3 ia caeaaeaoue ax00B3ae iane aai /enea /anoeiie a nenoaix00B3, iaceaathoue x00B3ioaineaieie.
Oaiiax00F0aoox00F0a aex00F0aaeax00BA noai aioox00F0x00B3oiueiai x00F0ooo x00F0x00B3aiiaaaeii? nenoaie iacaeaaeii ax00B3ae ex00B3eueeinox00B3 /anoeiie a ieo.
Oiio oaiiax00F0aoox00F0a x00BA x00B3ioaineaiei iax00F0aiaox00F0ii. x00B2 a oeueiio x00F0icoix00B3iix00B3 aiia x00BA ix00B3x00F0ith x00B3ioaineaiinox00B3 oaieiaiai x00F0ooo.
Aenaineaix00B3 oax00F0iiaeeiaix00B3/ix00B3 iax00F0aiaox00F0e — oea iax00F0aiaox00F0e, yex00B3 ix00F0iiix00F0oex00B3eix00B3 ianx00B3 aai /eneo /anoeiie aeaii? oax00F0iiaeeiaix00B3/ii? nenoaie.
x00AFoix00BA cia/aiiy aeix00F0x00B3aithx00BA noix00B3 cia/aiue oaeeo naieo iax00F0aiaox00F0x00B3a iex00F0aieo /anoei nenoaie. Aei oaeeo iax00F0aiaox00F0x00B3a iaeaaeaoue ia’x00BAi, aiax00F0ax00B3y oa x00B3iox00B3.
Aaniethoia oax00F0iiaeeiaix00B3/ia oeaea.
Aaniethoia oax00F0iiaeeiaix00B3/ia oeaea x00BA iniiaiith oaiiax00F0aoox00F0iith oeaeith o ox00B3ceoex00B3. Aiia iiaoaeiaaia ia iniiax00B3 aex00F0oaiai caeiio oax00F0iiaeeiaix00B3ee. Oeth oeaeo iaceaathoue oaeiae oeaeith Eaeueax00B3ia. Iaeeieoeath oax00F0iiaeeiaix00B3/ii? oeaee x00BA eaeueax00B3i. A Nx00B2 oiiaeeenue oeaeo oaiiax00F0aoox00F0 aecia/aoe ca iaeiith x00F0aiax00F0iith, ca yeo acyoi iiox00F0x00B3eio oi/eo aiaee. Oaiiax00F0aoox00F0o iiox00F0x00B3eii? oi/ee aiaee ix00F0eeiyoi aaaaeaoe oaeith, ui aeix00F0x00B3aitha 273,16 E. Eaeueax00B3i — oea 1273,16 /anoeia oax00F0iiaeeiaix00B3/ii? oaiiax00F0aoox00F0e iiox00F0x00B3eii? oi/ee aiaee.
Ioaea, iaeeieoey oaiiax00F0aoox00F0e aecia/ax00BAoueny ye 1273,16 oaiiax00F0aoox00F0iiai x00B3ioax00F0aaeo ix00B3ae iiox00F0x00B3eiith oi/eith aiaee x00B3 oi/eith aaniethoiiai ioey oaiiax00F0aoox00F0, yea ia x00BA x00F0aiax00F0iith, a x00BA oaiiax00F0aoox00F0ith ia 273,16 E ieae/ith ax00B3ae oaiiax00F0aoox00F0e iiox00F0x00B3eii? oi/ee aiaee.
Aeniax00F0aiaioaeueix00B3 oox00F0oaeiaiiy aeix00B3x00F0thaaiiy oaiiax00F0aoox00F0 ca aaniethoiith oax00F0iiaeeiaix00B3/iith oeaeith ix00F0eaaee aei iaiaox00B3aeiinox00B3 noaix00F0aiiy Ix00B3aeiax00F0iaeii? oaiiax00F0aoox00F0ii? oeaee (1968×00F0.).
Aiia iniiaaia ia iaeeiaaeeyoe oaiiax00F0aoox00F0ieo oi/eao, ui aeiax00F0a ax00B3aeoaix00F0ththoueny, yeei ix00F0eienothoueny eiiex00F0aoix00B3 cia/aiiy oaiiax00F0aoox00F0 (iax00F0aeiix00B3 x00F0aiax00F0ix00B3 oi/ee). Ix00B3ae iax00F0aeiieie x00F0aiax00F0ieie oi/eaie oaiiax00F0aoox00F0ia oeaea anoaiiaethx00BAoueny ca aeiiiiiaith x00B3ioax00F0iieyoex00B3eieo oix00F0ioe, yex00B3 aex00F0aaeathoue nix00B3aax00B3aeiioaiiy ix00B3ae oaiiax00F0aoox00F0ith x00B3iieacaie noaiaeax00F0oieo oax00F0iiiaox00F0x00B3a (ieaoeiiaee oax00F0iiiaox00F0, ieaoeiiai x00F0iaex00B3x00BAaa oax00F0iiiax00F0a, iioe/iee ix00B3x00F0iiaox00F0), yex00B3 ax00F0aaeoeiaaix00B3 ii oeeo x00F0aiax00F0ieo oi/eao. Any iaeanoue oaiiax00F0aoox00F0, yea ioiiethx00BAoueny Ix00B3aeiax00F0iaeiith ix00F0aeoe/iith oeaeith, iiaex00B3eyx00BAoueny ia x00F0yae x00B3ioax00F0aaex00B3a, a eiaeiiio c yeeo x00F0aeiiaiaeox00BAoueny nai? iaoiaee ax00B3aeoaix00F0aiiy oaiiax00F0aoox00F0 x00B3 nai? x00B3ioax00F0iieyoex00B3eix00B3 oix00F0ioee.
Oaiiax00F0aoox00F0a Oeaeuenx00B3y aecia/ax00BAoueny aex00F0acii t = T — T0, aea O0=273,16 E.
Iaeeieoey, yea aeeix00F0enoiaox00BAoueny aeey aeix00B3x00F0thaaiiy oaiiax00F0aoox00F0e Oeaeuenx00B3y, x00BA ax00F0aaeon Oeaeuenx00B3y (N0). x00D0x00B3cieoeth oaiiax00F0aoox00F0 aex00F0aaeathoue o eaeueax00B3iao; ?? iiaeia aecia/aoe oaeiae o ax00F0aaeonao Oeaeuenx00B3y.
P&C By Shestopol Rusian All Rights Reservd.
IaOEIA Eenoiiaae 1997.
Aaniethoiee ioeue.
Aeey oiai uia o aeaix00B3e nenoaix00B3 iiaea ax00B3aeaoaaoenue iaaia ox00B3ix00B3/ia x00F0aaeoex00B3y, a ix00B3e iiaeiix00B3 aooe iaeaaeix00B3 iax00F0aaeoiiae nooi ox00B3ix00B3/iiai x00F0iaeo oa iax00F0aaoaaiiy ?? o ax00B3aeiiax00B3aeiiio ox00B3ce/iiio noaix00B3. Noeoiix00B3noue ox00B3ce/ieo oa ox00B3ix00B3/ieo oiia, yex00B3 noaix00F0ththoue iiaeeeax00B3noue ox00B3ix00B3/ii? x00F0aaeoex00B3? a aeaix00B3e nenoaix00B3 iaceaathoue ox00B3ix00B3/iith niix00F0x00B3aeiaix00B3noth. Aeey ix00F0aeoe/ieo oex00B3eae oeueiio nooi yex00B3niiio aecia/aiith ox00F0aaa iinoaaeoe o ax00B3aeiiax00B3aeix00B3noue iaaio aaee/eio, yea aoea a ex00B3eueex00B3niith ix00B3x00F0ith ox00B3ix00B3/ii? niix00F0x00B3aeiaiinox00B3 oae, uia ?? /eneiaa cia/aiiy oax00F0aeoax00F0ecoaaei x00B3ioaineaix00B3noue ox00B3ix00B3/ii? x00F0aaeoex00B3?, a ?? ciae — iaix00F0yi. Iax00F0oo nix00F0iao ciaeoe ix00B3x00F0o ox00B3ix00B3/ii? niix00F0x00B3aeiaiinox00B3 cx00F0iaea E.-TH. Oiinai o 1853×00F0ioex00B3. Ax00B3i ix00F0eionoea, ui ca oaeo ix00B3x00F0o nex00B3ae ax00F0aoe oaieiaee aoaeo x00F0aaeoex00B3?. Aaio-Aioo c’ynoaaa, ui nix00F0aaaeiueth ix00B3x00F0ith ox00B3ix00B3/ii? niix00F0x00B3aeiaiinox00B3 x00BA ia oaieioa x00F0aaeoex00B3?, ui aeix00F0x00B3aitha ciaioaiith aioox00F0x00B3oiue? aiax00F0ax00B3? nenoaie, a iaeneiaeueia x00F0iaioa, aeeiioaaia ox00B3ix00B3/ieie acax00BAiiaex00B3yie a iaix00F0ioiiio ix00F0ioeanx00B3. Inex00B3eueee ox00B3ix00B3/i/ acax00BAiiaex00B3?, ye iieacox00BA aeinex00B3ae, caeaaeaoue ax00B3ae oaiiax00F0aoox00F0e, oi oey x00F0iaioa iaeiicia/ii aecia/aoeiaoueny ox00B3eueee ix00F0e oiiax00B3 noaei? oaiiax00F0aoox00F0e, oiaoi aiia aeix00F0x00B3aithx00BA ciaioaiith ax00B3eueii? aiax00F0ax00B3? nenoaie.
Aiaex00B3coth/e x00F0acoeueoaoe aeniax00F0aiaioaeueieo aeinex00B3aeaeaiue iiaaaex00B3iee x00F0a/iaeie ix00F0e iecueeeo oaiiax00F0aoox00F0ao, A.-A. Iax00F0ino noix00F0ioethaaa ox00F0aox00B3e caeii oax00F0iiaeeiaix00B3ee oae: ix00F0e iaaeeaeaiix00B3 oaiiax00F0aoox00F0e aei aaniethoiiai ioey aiox00F0iix00B3y aoaeue-yei? x00F0x00B3aiiaaaeii? nenoaie ix00F0e x00B3cioax00F0ix00B3/ieo ix00F0ioeanao iax00F0anoax00BA caeaaeaoe ax00B3ae oax00F0iiaeeiaix00B3/ieo iax00F0aiaox00F0x00B3a noaio x00B3 ix00F0e O — > 0 iaaoaax00BA oo naio noaeo aeey anx00B3o nenoai, yeo iiaeia aaaaeaoe oaeith, ui aeix00F0x00B3aithx00BA ioeth. I. Ieaie ix00F0eionoea, ui iiaeeco aaniethoiiai ioey iax00BA ix00B3noea ia ox00B3eueee iacix00B3iix00B3noue aiox00F0iix00B3? a aeiax00B3eueiiio x00B3cioax00F0ix00B3/iiio ix00F0ioeanx00B3, a e ui naia aiox00F0iix00B3y iax00F0aoaix00F0thx00BAoueny a ioeue ix00F0e aaniethoiiio ioex00B3 oaiiax00F0aoox00F0, oiaoi.
lim S = 0 O — > 0.
Ix00F0e oeueiio I. Ieaie iioex00F0ea oea oaax00F0aeaeaiiy c aeiaaeeo eiiaeeiniaaieo nenoai, yex00B3 ox00B3eueee x00B3 x00F0icaeyaeaa A.-A.Iax00F0ino, ia aeiax00B3eueix00B3 nenoaie. Aeacaia oix00F0ioea — oea iaeax00B3eueo caaaeueia aex00F0aaeaiiy ox00F0aoueiai caeiio oax00F0iiaeeiaix00B3ee.
C ox00F0aoueai caeiio oax00F0iiaeeiaix00B3ee aeieeaax00BA aaciinax00F0aaeiuei iieiaeaiiy ix00F0i iaaeinyaeix00B3noue aaniethoiiai ioey oaiiax00F0aoox00F0. Oea iieiaeaiiy aeieeaax00BA c oiai oaeoo, ui anx00B3 ox00B3ce/ix00B3 iaoiaee iaeax00F0aeaiiy iaaeiecueeeo oaiiax00F0aoox00F0 ax00F0oioox00BAoueny ia canoinoaaiix00B3 aaex00B3aaaoieo ix00F0ioeanx00B3a, yex00B3 ix00F0eaiaeyoue aei ioieiaeaeaiiy nenoai, ui aeeiiothoue oex00B3 ix00F0ioeane. Ix00F0ioa ix00F0e iaaeeaeaiix00B3 aei aaniethoiiai ioey ax00B3aeix00B3iix00B3noue ix00B3ae aex00B3aaaoieie e x00B3cioax00F0ix00B3/ieie ix00F0ioeanaie aeaaeaex00B3 ciaioox00BAoueny x00B3 a oi/oex00B3 aaniethoiiai ioey cianx00B3i cieeax00BA. Oaeei /eiii, c iaaeeaeaiiyi aei aaniethoiiai ioey aoaeo aaex00B3aaaoiiai ioieiaeaeaiiy noax00BA ana ieae/ei, iiee cianx00B3i ia cieeax00BA. Ioaea, iiaeia ox00B3eueee aneiiioe/ii iaaeeaeaoeny aei aaniethoiiai ioey, ix00B3eiee eiai ia aeinyaath/e.
Canoinoaaiiy iecueei? oaiiax00F0aoox00F0e a ax00B3ieiax00B3?.
Iecueex00B3 oaiiax00F0aoox00F0e a ax00B3ieiax00B3? canoiniaothoueny ciex00F0aia ix00F0e aea/aiix00B3 aoaeiae eex00B3oei oa? o ix00F0aaiae, a naia a aeaeox00F0iiix00B3e ix00B3ex00F0ineiix00B3? ix00B3ae /an oae caaiiai ax00B3aeeiethaaiiy.
Ox00F0aaiaio oeaieie oaeaeei caiix00F0iaeothoue ix00F0e aeoaea iecueex00B3e oaiiax00F0aoox00F0x00B3 (aeecueei -100 N0), iiox00B3i x00F0iciix00F0iaeox00BAoueny, ix00B3ney oeueiai ca aeiiiiiaith iaaecae/aeii oiieiai eaca oeaieia x00F0iceiethx00BAoueny aix00F0iaeiaae neaai c’x00BAaeiaieo /anoei, yeeie /anoi yaeythoueny eex00B3oeiix00B3 iaiax00F0aie. Ix00F0aiax00F0ao aeox00F0eiothoue aoieiaex00B3 a oiiaao aenieiai x00F0icx00F0x00B3aeaeaiiy (aaeooix00B3); a oeeo oiiaao ex00B3ae ax00B3aeaaiyx00BAoueny caeeoath/e neieioo iiaax00F0oith.
x00D0aiex00B3eo oex00B3x00BA? iiaax00F0oix00B3 noaix00F0ththoue oeyoii inaaeaeaiiy ia ia? oax00F0o aoaeaoeth. Ia oeth x00F0aiex00B3eo c aoaeaoeth iaieeyx00BAoueny aaaeeee iaoae, a oeaieie ix00B3ae x00F0aiex00B3eith x00F0oeiothoueny, ye ix00F0aaeei aex00B3x00BAth neeueieo eeneio ix00F0e iix00F0iaeueiiio aoiinoax00F0iiio oeneo. Oeae iaoiae a aeoaea cx00F0o/iei ix00F0e aea/aiix00B3 nox00F0oeoox00F0e iaiax00F0aie eex00B3oei. Eiai cx00F0o/ix00B3noue iieyaax00BA a oiio, ui aeeax00B3 oeaieie oaeaeei ax00B3aeiax00F0athoue, ia ix00B3aeaeath/enue ox00B3ix00B3/ix00B3e iax00F0iaoex00B3, ui iiaea iioeiaeeoe ?? nox00F0oeoox00F0o. Aeoaea iiaeeeai, ui oaex00B3 eex00B3oeie caax00F0x00B3aathoue naith iiiax00F0aaeith (ix00F0eaeeoox00BAao oix00F0io) oei naiei ix00B3aeoaax00F0aeaeoth/e aeaix00B3, iox00F0eiaix00B3 ca aeiiiiiaith caaaeueiiaaeeaaieo ax00B3noieiax00B3/ieo iaoiaeee.
Iecueex00B3 oaiiax00F0aoox00F0e a aeaeox00F0iix00B3oex00B3.
Aoei aeinex00B3aeaeaii, ui aeayex00B3 oax00F0aeoax00F0ix00B3 iaiaoaee ca iaaieo oiia iiaeooue ix00F0iyaeyoe iaoaex00B3/ix00B3 aeanoeainox00B3. A naia ix00F0e iaaeiecueex00B3e oaiiax00F0aoox00F0x00B3 oa aenieiio oeneo, iaix00F0eeeaae, /ax00F0aiiee oinoix00F0 iaaoaax00BA iaoaex00B3/ieo aeanoeainoae. Ia iaio oex00B3eaax00B3 x00F0acoeueoaoe aoee iox00F0eiaix00B3 aeey ex00F0aiix00B3y oa aoaeaoeth. sseui oex00B3 iaiaoaee ix00B3aeaeaoe aenieiio oeneo ,(aeecueei 10 000 Ix00D0a) oi aiie iaeaeaa iax00F0aoiaeyoue aei iaoaex00B3/iiai noaio.
Iniaeeai oex00B3eaaeie x00BA ix00F0eiouaiiy ix00F0i iaoaex00B3/ix00B3 aeanoeainox00B3 aiaeith. sse ax00B3aeiii, ca iix00F0iaeueieo oiia aiaeaiue — aac, ix00F0e oaiiax00F0aoox00F0x00B3 -2530 ax00B3i cx00F0x00B3aeaeox00BAoueny, a ix00F0e 2590 iax00F0aoiaeeoueaei oaax00F0aeiai noaio .Ix00F0ioa o aneo ox00F0ueio noaiao aiaeaiue — yaiee iaiaoae. Ix00F0ioa, cax00B3aeii c no/aniith oaix00F0x00B3x00BAth oaax00F0aeiai ox00B3ea, ix00F0e aeinoaoiuei aenieiio oeneo oa iecueex00B3e oaiiax00F0aoox00F0x00B3 anx00B3 x00F0a/iaeie iax00F0aoiaeyoue aei iaoaex00B3/iiai noaio. Ax00B3aeiix00B3 oaeiae oiiae ix00F0e yeeo iiaeiai ax00B3aeaooenue oaeee iax00F0aox00B3ae o aiaeith: oene (ax00B3ey 20 0000Ix00D0a) x00B3 oaiiax00F0aoox00F0a — 2600. Ua cianx00B3i iaaeaaii oaex00B3 oiiae aoee ca iaaeath aeniax00F0aiaioaeueieo iiaeeeainoae. Ca oeeo oiia aiaeaiue x00BA iaaeix00F0iax00B3aeieeii (eiaiaeaeox00F0e/iee iix00B3x00F0 x00F0x00B3aiee ioeaax00B3). sseae iaaeix00F0iax00B3aeix00B3noue iiaeia aoei caax00F0aaoe ix00F0e iix00F0iaeueieo oiiaao, oi iaaeix00F0iax00B3aeieee iiaeia aoei a aeeix00F0enoiaoaaoe aeey iax00F0aaea/x00B3 aiax00F0ax00B3? aac aox00F0ao, ui aaciax00F0a/ii ix00F0ecaeei a aei x00F0aaiethoex00B3eieo cix00B3i a aeaeox00F0iix00B3oex00B3.
Aeeix00F0enoaia ex00B3oax00F0aoox00F0a:
Iieaeoeyx00F0ia ax00B3ieiax00B3y eex00B3oeie x00D0. Ax00F0x00B3i I. Noaoo I. Oaeeix00F0.
Caaaeueia Ox00B3ceea A. Aeouaiei I. Eo/ax00F0oe.
Prof. Dr. sc. tecn. Manfred Beckert Welt der metalle.
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