S o when the wave of revolutions has swept across Europe, relative stability remained in England. Since the end of the 40th years of the XIX century the English economy and culture entered a strip of prompt rise. R apid development and unknown growth of economic power promoted development of national culture and art, led to essential increase of a standard of living of the population of Britain.
H aving received more free time, people started feeling need for cultural diversity. N ew sources of financing became the second factor which influenced art development.
I f in the first quarter of the XIX century the representatives of aristocratic circles (in particular, the prince-regent George IV) were generally engaged in patronage, with accidence of Queen Victoria to the throne, businessmen and representatives of the industrial bourgeoisie whose activity was directed first of all on support of modern English artists began to patronize artists. T he British knights of a brush gradually became known on the continent; thanks to their efforts there were created new educational institutions which emergence destroyed the existing monopoly of Royal academy. As for technical progress, England appeared to be one of the advanced countries of the planet. T he whole world was struck by technical novelties which with great success were shown at the London World industrial Fair in 1851.
D uring this period the English queen completely destroyed stereotypic idea of a role of the monarch, developed in consciousness of the people. E arlier the king was perceived in the form of the stone on a neck preventing the mankind from floatingtowards to progress. N ow, against ruin and the economic recession which followed after a wave of bourgeois revolutions in Europe, the British royal house became rather the ballast in hold of the vessel which isn’t allowing the latter to turn over and go to a bottom during a storm.
S trengthening of this belief was promoted by the members of royal family trying to keep up to date and willingly taking active part in various public organizations and projects. F irst of all thanks to merits of this representative of House of Hanover the monarchy gradually became a symbol of stability, prosperity and progress. The second half of the XIX century passed not only under the sign of stability and wellbeing in England — family values became considerably stronger. T he episode which occurred during crowning can be considered as a characteristic detail of style of Victoria’s reign.
T he first that the young queen after end of a ceremony made — she asked for a cup of tea and an issue of «Times». T here are many traditions connected with a name of the Victoria, including such widely known in the world, as tea. L ike Peter I who taught Russia to eat with a fork, the last ruler from House of Hanover taught England and the whole Europe to have tea. T
he work of the queen describing tea etiquette, «Tea Moralities» became significant in the European culture. Growth of popularity of a monarchy was promoted also by personal qualities of Victoria, her ability to behave herself simply and with gallantry; the English queen was perceived as a paragon of the woman, wife and mother. T he royal couple had nine children so over time Victoria appeared to be allied with many reigning European houses. H
er Majesty possesses also a record by number of the years spent on a British throne. T his wonderful woman didn’t give a reason to doubt the right to occupy a throne of ancestors within more than 63 years. After sudden death the spouse in 1861 Queen Victoria refused for a long time to participate in public life. E ven after a long time, having already recovered from a shock, she appeared in public only in a mourning dress. B
ut nevertheless the queen kept desire to remain implicated to public affairs. It is remarkable that the reign of the last representative of House of Hanover became significant not only for Great Britain, but also for the whole world. T his period still carries the name of the Victorian era, or the new Renaissance. ConclusionEra of House of Hanover was fated to end with Victoria’s death. A
s well as the previous dynasties, this family lost the rights for a throne and it was compelled to concede a crown to the other applicants. H owever, farewell of House of Hanover with a royal throne was really brilliant… References1. Q ueen Victoria: A Personal History By Christopher Hibbert. H arperCollins; New Ed edition, 2001. — 576 p.
2. The Hanoverians: The History of a Dynasty (Dynasties) by Jeremy Black. Continnuum-3PL; New Ed edition, 2007. — 296 p.
3. The House Of Hanover And Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (A Royal History Of England) by Charles Clarke & Jasper Ridley. W&N, 2000. — 112 p.
