Многие ученые разделяют публицистический и газетный стили либо дают иное название публицистическому стилю. Однако мы придерживаемся мнения большинства и считаем, что публицистический стиль подразумевает как газетный, так журнальный стиль СМИ, главная функция которого — сообщение информации и воздействие на читателя.
Среди основных языковых особенностей публицистического текста выделяются, согласно положениям, изложенным в данной работе, специфические структурно-композиционные характеристики, смешение книжной и нелитературной лексики на фоне нейтральных лексем, обилие терминологии, общественно-политическая лексика, эвфемизмы, клише, а также обилие стилистических приемов, которые были проанализированы в данной работе на основе интернет-версий английских газет.
Проведенный анализ позволил выявить наиболее частотные стилистические особенности публицистических текстов в английском языке и их функции: эпитеты, выполняющие эмоциональную функцию; устойчивые выражения (клише и фразеологизмы), которые экспрессивны и манипулятивны; полисемия, поддерживающая интерес читателей; метафора с изобразительной функцией. Также довольно часто в английской публицистике отмечаются нелитературные вкрапления для интимизации общения, олицетворение для обобщения, эвфемизация в силу цензуры и морали, повтор и эмфатическое «do» в функции усиления. Реже журналисты используют гиперболу, оксюморон, метонимию, игру слов, антитезу и сравнение.
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Источники практического материала.
'150,000 Americans couldn’t beat us': Taliban fighters defiant in Afghanistan // The Guardian. — 31.
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How to reduce shooting // New York Times. — 06.
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Приложение 1.
Стилистические особенности публицистических текстов, не отмеченные в работе.
Эпитет So let’s not just mourn the dead, let’s not just lower flags and make somber speeches Эпитет The Liberal Approach is Ineffective. U se a Public Health Approach Instead Эпитет Frankly, liberal opposition to guns has often been ineffective, and sometimes counterproductive Эпитет Some combination of smart guns and safe storage would also reduce the number of firearms stolen in the U.S. each year, now about 200,000, and available to criminals Эпитет There is a Shocking Lack of Research on Guns Эпитет There’s simply a scandalous lack of research on gun violence, largely because the N.R.A. is extremely hostile to such research and Congress rolls over Эпитет Maybe some police departments will put in orders for smart guns to help create a market Эпитет That’s the blunt, damning truth: Sunday’s horror was 100 percent predictable Эпитет It’s unclear how effective some of my suggestions will be, and in any case this will be a long, uncertain, uphill process Эпитет So let’s not just shed tears for the dead, give somber speeches and lower flags. L et’s get started and save lives Эпитет The work on behalf of Mr. M.
ikhelson, whose gas company is under United States sanctions, is part of a discreet niche business for Bank of Utah that allows wealthy foreigners to legally obtain American registrations for their aircraft while shielding their identities from public view Эпитет Terrific. T remendous. A.
n extraordinary few days. S uch was Donald Trump’s characterisation of his pomp-filled sojourn in Beijing Эпитет «Trump has pleasantly surprised many who a year ago were deeply worried about a trade war given his harsh campaign rhetoric,» Chen Weihua, the deputy editor of the China Daily’s US edition, wrote in his appraisal of the billionaire’s «state visit-plus». Эпитет «Xi Jinping pointed out that while there is a vast ocean between China and the United States, geographical distance has never prevented these two great nations from coming together Эпитет The party’s internationally-focused media outlets were equally ebullient Эпитет The China Daily claimed the trip had seen «precious progress» that would «go a long way to anchoring the all-important, yet sometimes volatile, Sino-US relationship» Эпитет Mullah Abdul Saeed, who met the Guardian in the barren backcountry of Logar province where he leads 150 Taliban militants, has fought foreign soldiers and their Afghan allies since the US-led coalition invaded Afghanistan when he was 14 Эпитет They giggled as they listened in on the fighters' radio. S.
aeed spoke with a calm, professorial demeanour but his words brimmed with the anger of a man who has spent his adult life fighting a generation-long war, and lost 12 family members doing it Метафора It may sometimes seem hopeless to make progress on gun violence, especially with the N.R.A. seemingly holding Congress hostage. B ut I’m more optimistic Метафора Bank of Utah has that all-American feel. F ounded in the 1950s by a veteran of both world wars, it offers affordable mortgages and savings accounts, sponsors children’s festivals and collects coats for the poor Метафора In the case of Mr. M.
ikhelson, the trail leading from Russia to Utah began in September 2012, with an email to Appleby from the Moscow office of the accounting firm Ernst & Young Метафора «Trump has softened his tone toward China on the trade issue,» an editorial in the state-run Global Times newspaper enthused, pointing to the president’s controversial claim that China was not to blame for the trade deficit Метафора Pressed on the record-high number of civilian deaths in the war, he said the Taliban «make mistakes» and try to avoid harming civilians, but added: «If there is an infidel in a flock of sheep, you are permitted to attack that flock of sheep.» Метафора Yet, the two militants did agree on one thing: American soft power is as dangerous as uniformed soldiers, especially as US troops have dwindled in numbers Метафора Currently, the Taliban seem capable of upholding a slow-burning war, with the help of outside benefactors Олицетворение The bank is clearly sensitive to concerns raised about the trusts Олицетворение That is when Washington hit a number of Russian individuals and companies with economic sanctions in response to Russian intervention in Ukraine Эвфемизм It has happened yet again: Inevitably, predictably, fatefully, a gunman shot dead 26 people in a Texas church on Sunday Эвфемизм By prolonging and expanding its military presence in Afghanistan, the US aims to coerce the Taliban to lay down arms, but risks hardening insurgents who have always demanded withdrawal of foreign troops before peace talks Нелитературное вкрапление If you’re wondering how we managed to crank out all these charts and data in the immediate aftermath of the Texas shooting, here’s the secret: We didn’t Нелитературное вкрапление «The Americans were walking in our villages, and we pushed them out.» Нелитературное вкрапление But in addition to its mom-and-pop customers, the bank has a lesser-known clientele that includes Russia’s richest oligarch, Leonid Mikhelson, an ally of the country’s president, Vladimir V. P utin Полисемия Look, we all agree on some kinds of curbs on guns Полисемия A trove of records leaked from an offshore law firm, Appleby, shows that the services offered by Bank of Utah, Wells Fargo and other American companies were sought after by rich jet owners in Russia, Africa and the Middle East Полисемия Among other things, the records reveal how Appleby often packaged trust arrangements with a tax avoidance scheme on the Isle of Man, a British crown dependency that serves as a haven for aircraft owners to sidestep taxes in the European Union Полисемия In serving these clients, files show, Appleby dealt with the two banks that are the most prolific creators of American aircraft trusts: Wells Fargo and Bank of Utah Полисемия A six-page memo prepared by Ernst & Young laid out a plan to exploit a tax loophole offered by the Isle of Man, where about 1,000 privately owned aircraft are recorded on a government registry for tax purposes Полисемия Chinese media hails success of Trump’s 'pilgrimage ' to Beijing Полисемия «The leader of the world’s number one power has just made a pilgrimage to him — this is naturally how all Chinese people will see it.» Полисемия An article in the party’s official mouthpiece, the People’s Daily, recounted scenes from a Thursday night farewell banquet at the opulent Mao-era theatre used to dazzle foreign heads of state Полисемия Referring to Barack Obama’s surge, Saeed said: «150,000 Americans couldn’t beat us.» Полисемия In April, Taliban fighters in army uniforms stormed a northern army academy and killed at least 150 soldiers in the biggest assault on the army of the entire war Полисемия In the capital, many regard the university as one of the pinnacles of post-Taliban Afghanistan Устойчивое выражение Some of you will protest, as President Trump did, that it’s too soon to talk about guns, or that it is disrespectful to the dead to use such a tragedy to score political points Устойчивое выражение The work on behalf of Mr. M ikhelson, whose gas company is under United States sanctions, is part of a discreet niche business for Bank of Utah that allows wealthy foreigners to legally obtain American registrations for their aircraft while shielding their identities from public view Устойчивое выражение «There are serious national security risks when the F.A.A. approves an aircraft registration but does not have all the information, particularly if an aircraft is owned by a shell corporation or a foreign entity,» Representative Stephen F. L ynch, a Massachusetts Democrat, said when he introduced legislation in July that would require the F.A.A. to obtain and regularly update records on the ultimate owners behind aircraft trusts Устойчивое выражение That episode led to some soul-searching for Bank of Utah officials Устойчивое выражение The Isle of Man allows owners to escape the value-added tax, or VAT, through a paper-shuffling scheme, wherein the jet is held by a company based there but leased to another company elsewhere, both controlled by the same owner Устойчивое выражение His representative released a statement saying, «Mr.
M ikhelson acts strictly within the boundaries of the law and in compliance with applicable legislation at all times." Устойчивое выражение Though no group claimed responsibility for the attack, Saeed and Omari agreed the university posed a threat Устойчивое выражение In 2015, Gov. G reg Abbott of Texas tweeted that he was «embarrassed» that his state was ranked second (behind California) in requests to buy new guns, albeit still with one million requests.
«L et’s pick up the pace Texans,» he wrote Устойчивое выражение So let’s not just shed tears for the dead, give somber speeches and lower flags. Let’s get started and save lives Устойчивое выражение The front-pages of China’s Communist party controlled press were plastered with large and identical photographs of the leaders of the world’s top two economies with headlines commemorating how «comrade Xi» and his capitalist caller had agreed «to give full play to the idea of head-of-state diplomacy» Устойчивое выражение By prolonging and expanding its military presence in Afghanistan, the US aims to coerce the Taliban to lay down arms, but risks hardening insurgents who have always demanded withdrawal of foreign troops before peace talks Устойчивое выражение Pakistan denies harbouring militants, but Saeed admitted receiving assistance from Pakistan, though he denied being under anyone’s thumb Устойчивое выражение Chinese newspapers and academics seconded those emotions on Friday morning, as the US president jetted off on the next leg of his Asian tour.
