Роль сокращений в обогащении словарного состава английского языка
Пупченко Б. В. Некоторые аспекты исследования лексического эллипса в английском языке. — В кн.: Проблемы синхронного и диахронного описания германских языков. Пятигорск, 1980, с.99−107. относят также случаи лексического эллипса, то есть опущение компонентов словосочетания или сложного слова, как, например, public от public house, sitter от baby-sitter, char от char woman Сапогова Л. И. Опыт…
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Художественный перевод и творческая личность переводчика
Переводчик-романтик, напротив, уделяет внимание самобытным чертам оригинала и стоящей за ним реальности. Собственно говоря, это стремление воспроизвести в переводе особенности иноязычной национальной культуры и считаются главной чертой романтической школы в переводе, отличающей эту школу от классицистского подхода. Но не стоит упускать из вида парадокс романтизма, о котором писал С. С. Аверинцев…
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Аксиологическая модальность и средства её выражения в современном английском языке
Оценка эмоциональная и рациональная. На основе вопроса о первичности фактора эмоционального или рационального, стоится также противопоставление субъективизма и объективизма в теории оценок. Эмотивисты делают упор на эмоции, реакции на события, считаю их определяющими для оценки. Объективисты находят, что эмоции и отношения зависят прежде всего от наших суждений, эксплицитных или имплицитных, что…
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Анализ лексических особенностей шотландского сленга на материале романа «Trainspotting»
Выбор темы исследования, а именно «Лексические особенности шотландского сленга в диалогической речи в романе И. Уэлша «Trainspotting» во многом обусловлен настоятельной потребностью показать лингвистические и лексико-семантические особенности лексем шотландского сленга в диалогической речи. Тема интересна тем, что стилистически сниженная лексика в художественной литературе является явлением…
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Исследование падежей русского и японского языков
В японском языке, согласно учебнику Б. П. Лаврентьева «Самоучитель японского языка» помимо падежей соответствующих пяти падежам русского языка существует еще несколько падежей, не имеющих эквивалентов в русском языке: совместный падеж, падеж направления, исходный падеж, предельный падеж, исходно-сравнительный (сравнительный) падеж. ЙЃ@‚µ‚ЅЃ@‚р‚· ‚йЃB — Жить по средствам (соответствующую своим…
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Жестовый язык как средство коммуникации
Жестовые языки можно классифицировать по разным параметрам. По основному контингенту пользующихся ими лиц их можно разделить на языки слышащих и языки глухих; с функциональной точки зрения — на вспомогательные и основные языки. По степени автономности от звуковых языков они образуют многомерную шкалу; на одном ее полюсе располагаются языки, структура которых никак не связана со звуковыми языками…
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Тranslation
Translator must convey adequately the national character connected with the real representation of life. It means that he must know social conditions and nation development whose literature he translates, he must know and understand the specific spiritual way of life, find explanations of problems caused with peculiarities of this nation and originality of his development. For example, the figure…
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Moscow
The capital of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) until its dissolution in 1991, Moscow attracted world attention as a centre of Communist power; the name of the seat of the former Soviet government and successor Russian government, the Kremlin (Russian Kreml), became a synonym for Soviet authority. The dissolution of the U.S.S.R. brought economic and political change, along with…
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Culture of the youth
Yes, there are. «Heavy metal «is one of them. This music of failure is widely despised by those who enjoy pop, reggae or soul. Unlike other rebel cults the followers of heavy metal behave them selves as victims. They wear gothic script and grinning sculls, expression of disheartened interests. It is known that cults arise and disappear over periods of a decade or two. Ragga and Gothic arose…
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THE Growing Influence of English Mass Culture
I believe that a language is an integral part of culture, and vice versa, so one cannot separate them without some clear effects. Language expresses, embodies, and symbolizes cultural reality: people view their language as a symbol of their social identity, and this is an especially poignant point for a country like Estonia, force-fed a diet of Russian language and culture for so many years…
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Drinking: Alcoholism
Alcohol-related job performance problems are caused not only by on-the-job drinking but also by heavy drinking outside of work (15,19). Ames and colleagues (15) found a positive relationship between the frequency of being «hungover «at work and the frequency of feeling sick at work, sleeping on the job, and having problems with job tasks or co-workers. The hangover effect was demonstrated among…
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Business letters throught lexics
A good contract reads like a classic story. It narrates, in orderly sequence, that one part should do this and another should do that, and perhaps if certain events occur, the outcome will be changed. All of the rate cards charts, and other reference material ought to be ticked off one after another according to the sense of it. Tables and figures, code words and mystical references are almost…
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Renaissanc english
There are similarities that can with certainty be traced between the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. Many of the eighteenth-century philosophers saw themselves as the followers of the philosophers of antiquity and the humanists of the Renaissance. To them, the Middle Ages were also a period of intellectual darkness whereby the society was dominated by the dogmatic Catholic Church, allowed…
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Biopolitics in Russia: History and Prospects for the Future
Starting in 1991, the Gruter Institute for Law and Behavioral Research began to explore the interactions between biology, politics, and law in the post-communist region, with special attention to Russia. Established a decade earlier by Dr. Margaret Gruter to bring together the work of scholars in the life sciences, social sciences, and law, the Gruter Institute invited several leading Russians…
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Should press de liable or not english
Can be predicated only on a different kind of supposed market failure. Understood as a claim that the information it generates is uniformly. Pander to the public «p.s appetite for scandal and still others see to. Government «p.s censorious hand would lurk behind a rule that required. Discussed questions. In spite of the fact, by recasting a portion of. Who publish or broadcast it, have no legal…
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Реформа енергетичного комплексу на Украинеenglish
The energy producers profited from the energy reforms and received initially more cash that was used to pay wage arrears. The financial situation of coal mines improved. Cash payments for electricity supplied by state generators was 50 per cent paid for in cash during the first nine months of 2000, while it was only 19 per cent during the same period in 1999. xlix] Government figures show that…
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American Literature books summary
Chapter One: The Catcher in the Rye begins with the statement by the narrator, Holden Caulfield, that he will not tell about his «lousy «childhood and «all that David Copperfield kind of crap «because such details bore him. He describes his parents as nice, but «touchy as hell. «Instead, Holden vows to tell about what happened to him around last Christmas, before he had to take it easy. He also…
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Dawn of the digital information era
The technological foundations for these changes began to be laid more than 350 years ago by Blaise Pascal, the French scientist who built the first adding machine which used a series of interconnected cogs to add numbers. Almost 200 years later, in Britain Charles Babbage, the «father of the computer «, begun designing the steam-powered analytical engine which would have used punched cards for…
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Global warming
Furthermore, there are small unresolved differences between radiosonde and satellite observations of tropospheric temperatures, though both data sources show slight warming trends. If one calculates trends beginning with the commencement of radiosonde data in the 1950s, there is a slight greater warming in the record due to increases in the 1970s. There are statistical and physical reasons (e.g…
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Holidays and traditions in english-speaking countries
There are only six public holidays a year in Great Britain, that is days on which people need not go in to work. They are: Christmas Day, Boxing Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Spring Bank Holiday and Late Summer Bank Holiday. In Scotland, the New Year’s Day is also a public holiday. Most of these holidays are of religious origin, though it would be right to say that for the greater part of the…
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Internetional Raw Materials Market
Raw materials are products immediately extracted from nature which have undergone a first processing through which they have become marketable and, consequently, a tradable commodity. Raw materials include all energy raw materials (crude оіл, natural gas, coal, uranium), metals, semi-metals and industrial minerals (kaolin, graphite, sulfur, salts, phosphates), rocks, water as well as all plant…
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Les energies renouvelables
C «est de l «йlectricitй propre, non-polluante. Il n «y a pas de parties mobiles toujours sujettes, а l «usure. On peut produire le courant lа ou l «on en a besoin, de facon dйcentralisйe. sans investissements gigantesques sans mesures de sйcuritй draconiennes contrairement au nuclйaire. Il suffit de quelques mois pour construire une centrale photovoltaique, alors qu «il faut une dizaine…
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Preisbildung eines Untenehmens (Ціноутворення на предприятии)
Da man die Aussagen der Befragten dem Einkaufsverhalten nicht immer gleichstellen kann, versucht man mit der Beobachtung des Konsumentenverhalten herauszufinden, wie verschiedene Preisalternativen auf Kaufverhalten wirken. Die Preisempfindlichkeit der Kдufergruppen kann als Marktsegmentierungskriterium dienen, weil die Konsumenten einen Preis unterschiedlich beurteilen. Daraus folgt auch die…
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The Church of England
The Scriptures and the Gospels, the Apostolic Church and the early Church Fathers, are the foundation of Anglican faith and worship. The basic tenets of being an Anglican are: * They view the Old and New Testaments «as containing all things necessary for salvation «and as being the rule and ultimate standard of faith. * They understand the Apostles «creed as the baptismal symbol, and the Nicene…
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Александр Македонський і грецькі полисы
A CONCLUSION. In work three basic interconnected problems have been put: specificity of the given stage of crisis of the policy; specificity of display of crisis in policies of various type; features of mutual relations of social and economic and political aspects of crisis of the policy, specificity of display of social and economic bases of crisis in political sphere. Once again we shall define…
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Грамматика англійського языка
На виконання завдання необхідно засвоїти наступний матеріал підручником 1. Ім'я іменник: Множинне число. Артиклі. Присвійний падіж. Іменник в функцииопределения та її переклад російською мовою. 2. Ім'я прикметник. 3. Числівники. 4. Займенника: особисті, присвійні, питальні, вказівні, невизначені й негативні. 5. Дієслово. Форми справжнього (present), минулого (past), майбутнього (future) часу…
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Твори на англійській мові
Ще один експонат «Сфера «- робот, який виконує операції деяких металургійних процесів. На початок роботи механик-оператор має взяти його «до рук «і відбути крізь ці програми. Робот згадує інструкцією, і здатний робити що потрібно й без будь-яких помилок. Його пам’ять може тримати близько 70 программ. The analogue computer, as its name implies, produces analogues or parallels of the process…
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About Great Russian Cities
Nizhniy Novgorod, city in western Russia, at the confluence of the Oka and Volga rivers. Nizhniy Novgorod is a major river port, railroad hub, and industrial center. The city is the site of one of the largest automobile factories in Russia, and its manufactures also include aircraft, textiles, and railroad and electric equipment. Nizhniy Novgorod has libraries, museums, a large university, and…
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Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Der Bundespräsident vertritt als Staatsoberhaupt die Bundesrepublik völkerrechtlich, d.h. gegenüber anderen Staaten, internationalen Organisationen und dem Vatikan. «Vertretung «bedeutet, daß der Bundespräsident Verträge mit auswärtigen Staaten abschließt, ihre Vertreter (z.B. Botschafter, Ministerpräsidenten, Geschäftsträger, päpstliche Legaten und Nunzien) beglaubigt und empfängt…
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Castles of England
Featherstone Castle, Northumberland The castle is associated with a ghostly bridal party. Baron Featherstonehaugh had arranged for his daughter to marry a relative of his choice, even though the daughter was in love with someone else. The wedding party left for the «traditional hunt «after the wedding, leaving the baron behind to make arrangements for the banquet. When the party failed to return…
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